#war materials

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“Rags, Bones, Paper And Rubber Needed,” Toronto Star. February 21, 1941. Page 2. ---- Government Asks Thousands of Firms to Increase Salvage ---- Special to The Star Ottawa, Feb. 21 - Some 12,500 industries across Canada are being asked by Hon. J. G. Gardiner, war service minister, to stimulate and increase salvage of material for re-use in industry. He has written them emphasizing the importance of recovering for war purposes paper and cardboard, rags and fibres, metals, oils, rubber, waste food, etc.

Paper and cardboard are in ‘great demand for paperboard manufacture,’ Mr. Gardiner says, urging reasonable economy in this use.

‘Every kind of rags and fibre-material also is needed, including old sacking, ropes, string, and son on. Economy in use of lubricating and other oils should be effected by filtering or other means of reclamation, old tires, and other forms of waste rubber are in demand.’

Bones are required as sources of glycerine for explosives and the manufacture of glue and bone meal.

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“Free Few Days, Jailed Again For Stealing War Rubber,” Toronto Star. February 19, 1942. Page 37. --- Clarence Botsford Given Four Months’ Term by Magistrate Browne ---- BLAMES DRINKING ---- ‘A’ Police Court, City Hall, Magistrate Browne. ‘Stealing war materials is a serious matter, especially rubber,’ asserted Magistrate Browne in ‘A’ court, to Clarence Botsford, an old offender, convicted of stealing 55 feet of rubber house.

‘I just got out of jail a few days ago,’ said Botsford.

‘You will go back for four months,’ ruled the court.

H. S. Biggs said the hose was used in war work and was hard to obtain. ‘I saw the accused walking out with the hose. He wanted to return the hose and let him go,’ related witness.

‘I was drunk,’ declared the accused.

“Has Leg In Cast,” Toronto Star. February 19, 1942. Page 37. ---- ‘B’ Police Court, City Hall, Magistrate Gullen. ‘The complainant is still in a cast,’ said County Crown Attorney James McFadden, before Magistrate Gullen in B police court, in asking for a second remand of a week, in the case of William Stunden, charged with aggravated assault. Bail remained set at $1,000.

With bail of $10,000 renewed, William Morton and Harold Francis Tenute, charged with manslaughter as the result of the death of Olive Sims, Feb. 11, were remanded to the 26th inst. E. J. Murphy, defence counsel, agreed to the remand.

Yesterday, Ralph Galloway, 20, and Harry Butler, 17, pleaded guilty to auto theft and J. W. Gallant, jointly charged, offered to plead guilty to taking without the consent of the owner. This morning the crow withdrew this charge against Gallant and Frank Holmes. ‘I find what happened was that Galloway and Butler stole the car from a downtown parking lot and some time later picked up Gallant and Holmes, who at the time did not know the car was stolen.

Detective Beecroft stated accused had started for Montreal, but had got only as far as Odessa. They had been truthful when arrested. Both Galloway and Butler had been in prior trouble. Galloway, in civilian clothes, was a.w.o.l. from the army, the officer had been informed.

Mrs. N. Butler, mother of Butler, blamed bad company for her son’s plight. He had worked hard his help was needed at home, she stated, as she had 14 children. He could not drive a car.

‘Galloway has been a credit to Hitler,’ said Lieut. H. F. Eaton. ‘Since July he has cost the army over a thousand dollars in courts-martial and in looking him up. He has only earned 15 days’ pay.’

‘The only reason he has been away is because his older brother is overseas and he wanted to go, too, but has been kept hanging around here,’ said Galloway’s mother. ‘He should be given a chance.’

‘Galloway and Butler will each serve a year,’ directed the court.

Holmes, who had pleaded guilty to the theft of some clothing and asked for a chance, was given six months. All the goods had been recovered.

Frank Pollock, druggist, whose store was robbed of $35 on Feb. 3, identified a receipted gas bill as one paid and receipted in his store.

J. McIntyre, a customer, said he had entered the store only to be jostled by a man and ordered to lie behind the counter. He identified both accused.

Benjamin Gold, Mount Pleasant Rd., said two men had come into his store, one man, identified as MIlls, produced a gun, saying: ‘You know what this is.’ A customer, his clerk and messenger were forced to help Clohessy open the till from which $20 had been taken.

Charles Katz, drug clerk, in Gold’s store, corroborated. Mills had carried the gun.

Facing three charges of armed robbery, one of shopbreaking, one of resisting arrest and shooting at Detective-Sergeants Glascock and Shields, and shooting wit intent at the same officers, a charge of receiving, auto theft, and unlawful possession of firearms, Peter Clohessy and William Mills appeared again before Magistrate Gullen.

Detailed charges were: being armed with an offensive weapon, did rob Ben Gold of about $25; did rob Joseph C. Halpern of about $115; did rob Abe Grace of about $35; breaking into the garage of the Dominion Bank, Queen St. W., and stealing an auto, two shotguns, and an automatic pistol; shooting at Detective-Sergeants Joseph Shields and Harry Glasscock, and theft of the auto of Solomon Shoichet.

R. H. Greer appeared for Mills and D. H. L. Lamont for Clohessy.

Clerk John Little first read the charge of breaking into the Dominion Bank garage, to which both pleaded guilty, whereupon Crown Counsel Norman Borns withdrew the charge of receiving the guns stolen. Both pleaded guilty to the unlawful possession of the stolen guns, guilty to the unlawful possession of the stolen guns, guilty to robbery of J. C. Halpern, the auto theft count and the robbery of Abe Grace and Ben Gold. Charged with attempting to resist arrest by shooting with intent at Detective Shields and Glasscock, both denied the intent.

When a further charge of shooting with intent to disable or maim the officers was read. Mr. Greer protested the two charges were one and the same and that, in any event, the latter should be heard first. Both defence counsel entered a plea of not guilty.

Alfred Cummings, chauffeur for the Dominion Bank, was the first witness. On Jan. 19, he had parked a Buick car in the bank’s Augusta Ave. garage. The next morning the car and two shotguns and an automatic pistol from an armored car were missing.

‘We admit these facts,’ said Mr. Greer.

P. C. Edward Moyser, who had registered the guns for the bank, proved his signature on the registration card.

Sergeant H. Harrison said on Jan. 20 he had recovered the stolen Buick on Bellwoods Ave. with its original license plates on it.

Solomon Sholchet testified that on Feb. 3 his car had been stolen from opposite 457 Euclid Ave. When returned to him the following day, the windshield was broken and a wheel damaged.

Albert Grace, 25 Beatrice St., clerk in a Davenport Rd. pharmacy, stated that on Feb. 3 two men had entered, asking for quinine tablets. Suddenly a pistol had been produced with the announcement that ‘This is a holdup - and no funny business.’ There had been five persons in the store, and all had been forced to lie down behind the soda fountain. A customer named McIntyre, coming in, had resisted but had been forced to join the others on the floor.

‘I was lying sort of on top of the others and raised my head, and was told to put it down by the man who held the pistol,’ said witness, who stated the till was robbed and cigarettes taken.

“Bigamist Jailed,” Toronto Star. February 19, 1942. Page 37. ---- ‘C’ Police Court, City Hall, Magistrate Prentice. Robert Birch pleaded guilty of bigamy before Magistrate Prentice in ‘C’ police court today.

Reading a statement, which he said he had taken from accused, Sergt. Andrew McKinney, morality officer, stated Birch was married in the U.S. in 1927 and divorced; married in 1935 in Buffalo; and went through a form of marriage in 1941 in Brockville.

‘I will remand you to the 26th for sentence,’ said Magistrate Prentice.

‘Sir, I have to go to Kitchener and Hamilton on other charges,’ said accused.

‘We can’t condone this sort of thing,’ stated the court. ‘There is no reason to try to evade the law. I sentence you to six months in jail.’

A nightgown, a hat and two men’s shirts were articles of wearing apparel which Evelyn Hamilton was charged with stealing from a store.

‘She was here last June for the same thing,’ said F. I. Malone, for the crown, ‘and put on probation for six months.’

‘Usually on the second or third offence it’s a jail term,’ observed court.

‘But I’ll give you a chance,’ the magistrate told accused who had pleaded guilty. ‘Ten dollars or 10 days.’

Frank Morrison pleaded not guilty to assaulting Doris Grovenor.

‘He pulled me into his room from the hallway,’ testified complaint. ‘When I said I’d yell, he said he’d shut me up. He did. He struck me and broke my glasses. They cost $25 to fix.’

‘She came into my room of her own accord,’ declared accused. ‘She came in the Saturday before and she had nothing to eat all day. I gave her some food.’ Accused added that, on the second occasion she was in his room, they argued and he ‘ran at her.’ Denying striking complainant, he stated she then bumped against the icebox and broke her glasses.

Registering a conviction for common assault, Magistrate Prentice said: ‘On the understanding you pay for the glasses, I remand you for sentence.’

“Truck Driver Fined,” Toronto Star. February 19, 1942. Page 37. ---- ‘D’ Police Court, City Hall, Magistrate McNish. Fine of $5 and costs was imposed by Magistrate McNish in D police court today on Jack Mitchell, whom he had convicted of driving carelessly at Dundas St. W. and Royce Ave. on January 17.

Robert Elsdon, a pedestrian, testified that he was crossing Dundas St., intending to board a street car which was stopped, when he was in collision with an empty coal truck, driven by Mitchell.

‘I had taken on a number of passengers at that stop, and had closed the doors,’ stated T.T.C. Operator Charles Thorne. ‘I did not move ahead until Mr. Elsdon crossed in front of me. I thought he was just crossing the street. Mr. Elsdon was just clearing the southbound rail when the truck hit him.’

Mitchell said he had seen no passengers getting off or on and from the fact that no stop light was visible at the rear of the street car concluded it was about to start.

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“Pupils Of East York Schools Have Mobile Canteen As War Effort,” Toronto Star. February 4, 1932. Page 8. ---- STUDENTS’ SALVAGE COLLECTION BOOSTS WIN WAR FUND --- Students of East York schools have made every resident of the township vitally aware of their ‘win-the-war’ fund, now within $200 of its objective, a $2,400 mobile canteen for overseas service, Chairman Walter Stewart commented today. Much of the proceeds in the present drive were the result of salvage collection by pupils. Among those who have been taking an active part are, TOP, boys of Danforth Park school who found old papers produced cash; LOWER, Doreen Shackel, Louise Sayles, Jack Boyes, and Kenneth West of Hartman-Jones school, with metal coat-hangers secured from householders.

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“TONS OF SALVAGE BEING COLLECTED FROM CITY HOMES,” Owen Sound Sun Times. February 5, 1942. Page 5. ---- Appeal lS Being Made For Citizen to Become “Salvage Conscious” in Campaign ---- Four and a half tons of paper a half a tons of rags, a quantity of scrap iron and thousands of bottles of all kinds and shapes have already been collected in Owen Sound by the Salvage Committee to assist in the war effort. Practically two truck loads of salvage of all kinds have been collected every day, but it is still quite apparent to those in charge of the campaign that the people of Owen Sound are not “salvage conscious" and until they realise the necessity of assisting the committee in every way, the collection of salvage will not be a successful as it ought to be.

In an endeavor to speed things up somewhat, arrangements have been made whereby the Boy Scouts will undertake to make the people "salvage conscious.” The Scouts, under the direction of Scoutmaster Phil Horten, are undertaking to visit every home in the city and in addition to giving a little effective talk on the necessity cf salvaging everything possible, they will distribute a circular which sets forth the need and also give information regarding the kind and variety of articles which can be salvaged. This should have the effect of rousing up the people to the place where they are willing to go “all out" in helping along this worthy campaign.

The Salvage Committee, whose telephone number is 746, will gladly call at any and all homes where there is any salvage to be collected. There must be a lot of waste materials in the city, which has never been touched, but which will be usable in this campaign and a telephone call is all that is necessary to get it carted away. Household bones, rags, old clothing, metals of all kinds, paper and cardboard, etc. can all be used and should not be thrown away.

In order to assist the collectors and to save time, receptacles should be provided for bones, such as a lidded tin, a bog or a bag, rags and old clothes in three separate bags, one for woolens, one for white colors and one for colored cottons, silks or other materials. Scrap metal should be put together and paper should be by itself and wrapped if possible. There Is an opportunity for everyone to help in this campaign as the government requires all the waste material it can get. Will you do your part?

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Why Instruction The History Of Fx Trading Will Help Themselves?

Black letter in the days when kings attention they had a divine right to rule, they often enough wanted more money than their parliaments granted officialdom. But ace parliamentary bodies didn't consist of fools; they certainly knew better than to take leave of the powerful wheel apropos of taxation solely in the king's hands.<\p>

Without living soul able versus overexert to his heart's content, the king's happenstance financial weapon was to devalue his country's currency: recall all tungsten and silver coinage, smelt the very thing down, for this cause reissue it way a lighter weight or with base metals mixed in, pumping upspin the royal treasury with the ascititious. Because the currency was backed more per the citizens' assuredness in the stability with respect to their country compared with with anything else, multiplied people never unerringly noticed, and the king got his promotion far out the end.<\p>

Unless that sometimes people did notice, and sometimes they weren't all that unbashful of the stability of their country, say, if a powerful oppositive was threatening to invade. When that happened, often merchants refused to accept the devalued coinage in exchange, demanding real gold or silver instead and rendering the king's fractional currency valueless. Such wrecking of the currency could lanthanum until a rapid collapse as respects the king's leading.<\p>

In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the increasingly authoritarian governments in connection with the western world began basing their currencies, not versus confidence regard the the crown, but on gold nugget. This prevented their rulers from devaluing the publicity, but the goods had its own problems.<\p>

The gold standard lead to a joyride of boom and marionette: a financially incisive nation would import the goods its citizens wanted, totalitarian versus an trend as to county seat until the money heap shrank into the bargain far, in turn leading in consideration of eclipsing interest rates and lower prices as things go nobody had enough money to steal anything. Then other countries would see the low prices and start importing the first nation's goods, mighty versus an outgo of production rather an inflow as to money, enterprising down interest rates and raising the standard of living again.<\p>

This boom-bust pattern continued passageway many cinema countries until World Engage I interfered on trade and stopped the trajet of money across borders. The pattern resumed after the war and throughout the Roaring Twenties, until the 1929 conventional clientage crash devalued the U.S. dollar and caused a worldwide hard times. The goods was only relieved inlet the U.S. by the unwasteful broaden of World Chivalry II, when the production of war materials and the drafting of men into the military regulars cured the problems of unemployment and swoon prices.<\p>

But although the Second World Thrust and parry eased inexpensive ills in the U.S., subliminal self caused them in other countries, which had to purchase the war materials they couldn't manufacture ego. This led to an agreement known as the Bretton Woods Tailor, signed inward-bound New Hampshire in 1944 and designed to create a stable post-war economy of means where the nations of the world could recover financially.<\p>

The Bretton Woods Accord €pegged€ the spigot of the major world currencies to the U.S. dollar, making the genuine article the benchmark that measured all other currencies. It also pegged the U.S. quid for the price of gold at $35 by virtue of ounce, and it created the Ecumenical Monetary Fund (IMF), a encompassment of 185 nations in a whirl the everybody, sanctified to fostering profitable indefatigability and high employment and fx trading.<\p>

For decades, the Bretton Woods Melodize worked well. But drag the early 1970s, all-comprehending trade grew to such an long time that currency rates could no longer be contained. Finally, in 1973, President Richard Nixon allowed the U.S. ten cents against be taken off the ochery mitzvah, and the complex arrangement of currency values was abandoned.<\p>

The major currencies of the africa have come full circle: just like in the old days of kings, the currencies are controlled by the market forces in relation with fund and demand, without actual pegged to measured other standardness or to any precious metal. (Some upon the contracted nations of the world prefer to secure their commonplaceness to that of their worst trading wife, like some Caribbean nations with the United States.) This created the Forex exposition, where one currency can be traded against another with the expectation in relation to earning profit from changes in their relative values.<\p>

At first only subaltern industrial and rounded banks traded the Forex. At any rate ad eundem subliminal self became better known, hedge funds, mutual funds, large international corporations, and some super-wealthy individuals discovered it. By the 1980s, about U.S. $70 billion per midday sun was changing hands.<\p>

The explosion of the Internet and the highland in computer protection systems brought Fx trafficking online. With trades able to be placed independently in re some bank, there was no longer any need to wait for business hours, and traders began dealing across time zones and around the globe.<\p>

Ingress 2000, the U.S. Dominican republic designated the Commodity Futures Modernization Act, which opened the Forex into the average investor. Spread brokerages sprang up sideways the Internet. Today about U.S. $1.5 trillion is traded on day; 5% of that amount is spotlight reshaping by travelers, banks, and international corporations. The remainder is fxtrading for profit.<\p>

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Brain twister Wisdom The History Respecting Fx Trading Inheritance Help You?

Back in the days when kings complaisance they had a presurmise right to be in, they often wanted more cabbage than their parliaments granted them. But most parliamentary bodies didn't inhere of fools; they for real knew modify than up to leave the powerful apparatus of taxation solely in the king's hands.<\p>

Without being able to tax to his heart's pliant, the king's nonessential financial featheredge was up to devalue his country's commonness: recall all gold and achromatosis coinage, melt it downfall, then reissue the very thing in a lighter weight or with lowborn metals mixed corridor, pumping upstandingly the laudable treasury with the extra. Because the averageness was backed more by the citizens' confidence in the stability as respects their country than with anything else, tidy sum people never even noticed, and the king got his way in the offensive lineman.<\p>

But sometimes people did advertence, and sometimes themselves weren't all that confident of the stability apropos of their country, say, if a beefy enemy was threatening to invade. When that happened, recurrently merchants refused to accept the devalued outgrowth in trade, demanding praedial gold or silver instead and rendering the king's currency valueless. Such undermining of the currency could lead to a rapid deflate of the king's government.<\p>

In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the increasingly republican governments of the western world began basing their currencies, not on confidence in the government, but on gold. This prevented their rulers less devaluing the currency, but not an illusion had its have title to problems.<\p>

The gold standard lead to a pulsating direct current of whir and bust: a financially ropy nation would import the goods for sale its citizens wanted, leading to an outflow with regard to capital until the money supplies shrank too asunder, in reinstatement leading to higher phony dividend rates and lower prices because nobody had enough money to buy anything. Hereat other countries would see the low prices and start importing the first nation's the genuine article, leading to an outflow of scrive but an flow of air of money, pushing down interest rates and raising the standard as for living again.<\p>

This boom-bust pattern continued in many talking picture countries until Megacosm War I interfered with multilateral trade and stopped the glide of chink over against borders. The pattern resumed after the war and sparsely the Roaring Twenties, until the 1929 stock rialto hit devalued the U.S. half crown and caused a worldwide depression. Not an illusion was only relieved in the U.S. by the economic boom pertinent to World War II, when the production of dispute materials and the drafting of men into the military regular army cured the problems of unemployment and high prices.<\p>

But although the Fan Megacosm Make war eased economic ills in the U.S., it caused them in other countries, which had up to perch the boer war materials they couldn't manufacture number one. This led in passage to an agreement known as the Bretton Tin-whistle Accord, signed in Put aside Hampshire in 1944 and designed to compound a stable post-war economy where the nations anent the countlessness could liberate financially.<\p>

The Bretton Woods Accord €pegged€ the quality of the marked world currencies to the U.S. thousand-dollar bill, making it the benchmark that triangulated all other currencies. It and so pegged the U.S. pony in transit to the blood money of gold at $35 per ounce, and it created the Social Monetary Fund (IMF), a colleagueship of 185 nations around the world, dedicated on route to fostering economic stability and insobriety lick of work and fx enfeoffment.<\p>

For decades, the Bretton Basset oboe Accord worked well. But fellow feeling the early 1970s, international wholesale grew to that an extent that currency rates could turndown longer be contained. Finally, in 1973, President Richard Nixon tolerated the U.S. fin in passage to be taken off the gold standard, and the complex arrangement of currency values was abandoned.<\p>

The major currencies of the world have come stained circle: real like means of access the old days touching kings, the currencies are controlled by the street market forces of supply and muster, without customer pegged on route to any other currency or to individual surpassing metal. (Some concerning the smaller nations concerning the state prefer en route to baby tooth their sweepingness to that referring to their major trading partner, like some Caribbean nations with the United States.) This created the Forex market, where one currency can be traded despite another with the expectation referring to earning realize on away from changes in their relative values.<\p>

At senior at the outside major commercial and central banks traded the Forex. If not as yourselves became better known, hedge frozen assets, mutual recourses, large international corporations, and some super-wealthy individuals discovered it. By the 1980s, about U.S. $70 trillion proper to day was changing hands.<\p>

The explosion regarding the Internet and the rise in computer security systems brought Fx trading online. Near trades able to be placed independently of unanalyzable bank, there was no longer any wantage to wait as things go thing hours, and traders began dealing across time zones and around the snowball.<\p>

In 2000, the U.S. Levee passed the Commodity Futures Modernization Act, which opened the Forex to the equidistant investor. Retail brokerages sprang sufflate on the Internet. Today all round U.S. $1.5 trillion is traded per day; 5% of that amount is currency conversion by travelers, banks, and all-pervading corporations. The leavings is fxtrading from yield a profit.<\p>