“Cadillac Desert” from a Tucsonan’s Perspective
“Cadillac Desert: The American West and its Disappearing Water ” is the best known book by author and water policy activist Mark Reisner. Published in 1986, the book details land development and water policy in the American West.
Marc Reisner does not make use of the same romanticism as I have been exposed to in during my education of historical conservation. Instead Reisner forces readers to confront the absurdity of our continued occupation of the Southwest. We are introduced to the ongoing water struggles via a swift overview of the taming of the Southwest’s water sources. That absurdity is predicated by hint of admiration for the resolve of the people who undertook the massive engineering needed to carve out a home in deserts of the Southwest. Whatever admiration is hinted, quickly dissolves into lament for ignored warning signs from, ancient civilizations, colonial settlers, and sharp minds like John Wesley Powell. The absurdity grows when you consider how many people are dependent on the snow pack of single mountain range. Shocking statistics concerning the foot acreage of water sold for pennies, at very little agricultural gain, and very significant cleaning, and diplomatic cost. In California agricultural effluent pollutes, kills, and prevents further growth, but water use for agriculture remains largely unregulated. Absence of regulation in California extends to rapid depletion of subterranean water stores millions of years in the making. The absurd peaks when Reisner drops the most difficult truth to swallow, and that is the ethic which surrounds water use in places like Arizona; the idea that unused water is water wasted. The thinking which fuels massive projects like the CAP, and the “future” projects he lists thereafter. The thinking which encourages high risk development. The thinking which makes it possible for places like Tucson, my home, to continue to exist.
My natural instinct is to counter on behalf of Tucson, that we are better, that we can endure. For the entirety of my memory, Tucson has been conservation friendly. We lead the nation in water conservation; from the time we start school we are lectured on ways to save water, for fear of the city sinking into the ground. We are taught to embrace the flora and fauna of our region; we are certainly less attached to green grass fields than cities like Phoenix, or Los Angeles. However our success is only relative to other arid land cities; at the end of the day we live in a city which was founded on the bank of river that has not flowed for more than a century, and we need to pipe water 300 miles to quench our thirst. Even our conservation successes are marred by Jevon’s Paradox; conservation of a resource will often lead to increased consumption of that resource. The reason this happens is that reduced consumption can lead to a price drop, which reduces per capita cost of a resource, but draws in a higher number of users, creating greater overall consumption. This effect is true of the Tucson Metro area, where water conservation efforts since the seventies are correlated with an increased number of housing developments. In any case I will give my home credit for its history of awareness, because it always seems odd to me that the developments in California have the attention of the nation, when those have always been the concerns at home.
Reisner, does not call for tearing down dams, nor does pleaded on behalf of the wilderness for the sake of nature. Reisner simply states that the desert is no place for us to live, and that the Southwest cannot sustain developed urban conditions. He states that renewable water sources alone hardly supplement the rapidly depleted stores of water beneath the ground. The way current legislature is concerned, we will run faucets until dust spews from the tap and we enter the fantasy settings of films like Water World, or Mad Max, where water is bought in blood. Realistically there will not be gangs of bandits fighting for water, just an untold number of people who will be displaced.