#wk03

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📚 Kate e William retornaram à Universidade de St. Andrews, local em que se conheceram há 20 anos atrás! A visita ocorreu durante a turnê do casal pela Escócia 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 e com direito a uma parada no píer para comer Peixe e Fritas (Fish & Chips), prato tradicional britânico, do restaurante @anstrutherfishbar, que frequentavam quando eram estudantes universitários | 26.05.2021

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Tutorial Reflection

For the tutorial were were asked a question for a case study based on cockpits and safety. The articles in the case studies mainly point towards members of the crew being irrational, locking others out of the cockpit or having to axe down a door when it’s been locked. It was to devise a plan and recommendation on how to increase the safety and access to the cockpit and preventing from terrorist attacks. My group cam eup with three main thigns we believed should be focused on:

Have the cabin crew and pilots go through physical and mental health tests to make sure they are fit for flying. This is to ensure no one panics in any situation, decides to commit suicide to put everyones life in danger or to put anyone’s life in danger (relations between members) to determine that they are surely fit for the job and know what’s expected from them

A protocol that states either the pilot or co-pilot has to be in the cockpit at anytime. It cannot be left empty even if it’s left on autopilot. This will make sure no one gets locked out and that the cockpit isn’t taken over by a hostile person

Have leadership and power divided so that we have set people who are given access to the unlocking system to the cockpit. This ensures there is no abuse of power to maintain the safety of passengers and make sure the plane is flying correctly without interference.

By focusing on the cockpit as it is the main control area, we prevent many internal and external attacks in hopes for the plane to travel to its destination peacefully without troubles. 

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Type I/Type II Errors

Type I/II can be seen occuring frequently within the crime category, from wrongly pleading an innocent person guilty or letting a person who was really guilty walk free. An example of this is seen with Keith Bush who was accused of murdering a 14 year old from New York as a teenager. The police had beaten him and forced him to sign a confession, leading to an unfair trial with the jury believing the confession. However, after 44 years, he was finally found to be innocent. Further investigations were initiated and it was discovered that forensic evidence did not match his confession. This is a type I/II error as the jury believed the man to be guilty of murder (due to coersive tactics and misconduct), but it turns out that he was really innocent.

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Lock Picking, Raking and Bumping

Lock Picking Lock picking is the action of unlocking a lock without the original key with things such as pin/tumblr lock picks.

Rake Picks Rake picks are targeted towards pins by sliding past all pins continously until the pins bounce into a sheer line. 

Bump keys Bump keys are keys that have been cut down so that the top part of the key protruding is equal to the others. The key is then nstruck down with a hammer in the lock, moving the driver pins and leaving the key pins in place. This should result in a gap around the sheer line for the plug to rotate.

Overall, i see how easy someone can break into a locker or a house yet so many people are unaware how easy it is and believe that a lock is a safe enough defence mechanism to keep their belongings away from attackers.

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Hardware Security Modules

Hardware security modules are devices that increases authentication and provides cryptoprocessing as well as protection and management of digital keys. These modules can attach either to a network server or computer. They play a critical role in securing applications and infrastructure and provides features such as tamper evidence, that show any signs of tampering. This is backed by the secure cryptoprocessor chip(s) that prevenet tampering. Hardware security modules are mainly used to manage private keys, backing it up and storing it securely. Functions include (1):

secure cryptographic key generation

secure cryptographic key storage

key management

asymetric and symmetric cryptography

software to protect against logical or physical attacks

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Secure Crypto Processors

Secure cryptoprocesssors are microprocessors that carry out cryptographic operations and are tamper resistance through physical security infrastructures. (1). These processors accelerate encryption algorithms, detects intrusion, enhanced data and key protection as well as security enhanced memory access (2). It is most often used as a main security subsystem, replacing the need for physical security on the rest of the system.  

An example of cryptoprocessors are smartcards that are used to control access to a source. They are mainly used for data and key protection (such as with credit cards) to keep your data safe and encrypted.

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ATM Attacks and Defense

As an attacker, one could mug a person withdrawing money, peek at their card number and pin details while observing them withdraw cash or infiltrate the bank’s infrastructure and steal client’s data to withdraw money from ATM machines. They could also hack into the system through an employee working at the bank. These attacks an be prevented with awareness. Making sure you  are withdrawing with someone with you or at a crowded place, having security cameras installed nearby every ATM machine, cover the pin pad when entering details, and increasing security of the bank’s infrastructure to decrease the number of attacks to obtain information. Fishy employee activity should be immediately investigated as well to make sure both external and internal services are protected from outside threats.

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Low Probability/High Impact Events

Back in March 2019, Christchurch mosque experienced a terrorist attack. The shootings had caused the death of 51 people and left 49 injured. The perpetrator was a 28 year old Australian man. This was a low probability high impact event as no one would have anticipated a random terrorist attack at a mosque, which had shocked and griefed the nation.

Another example of low probaility high impact events are nuclear disasters. It could end up disastrous if a nuclear power plant were to explode, causing extreme damages to nearby residencies and land dur to radiation. Of course, many safety precautions are implemented to try to negate any chances of this low probaility from happening. Currently, Australia’s support for nuclear power plants are rising, however research shows that most don’t want to live near one. Having a nuclear industry would tremendously help Australia in their economic growth, however despite the low probability of disasters happening, the impact is too high at the moment to consider the reversal of nuclear energy bans.