Ling's life before FMA started is pretty vague, but there's things we can assume based on China's influence on the creation of Xing. FMA takes place in the early 20th century, probably sround 1910s to 1930s. The country Xing was based on, China, was at that time a revolt by a group of revolutionaries against the Qing Dynasty. The imperial system was ended, and put in its place was the Republic of China.
However, FMA follows a history where the Dynasty continued. So, what exactly is the Imperial system?
Chinese society was split into five categories, or classes, which were Nobility and the "four occupations." The highest class was Shi, or the gentry, then the Nong, farmers, Gong, craftspeople, and Shang, the Merchants.
Farmers were the base of China's economy and viewed as vital to their country. They provided cotton, food, and silk, along with many other consumeable goods. A large portion of the food they harvested went to Landlords, local Nobles, or was given out to the empire itself. Farming communities produced goods needed by the government, and if not, they were conscripted for public projects.
As a result of the massive area and amount of people, direct rule from the Emperor was not possible. The Emperor relied on civil servants to carry out his orders, most of which were members of the gentry. What was important to this class was literacy, since the Chinese government basically ran on paperwork. Both the nobles and Shi did not perform manual labor but could become painters and poets.
Laws and punishments were harsh to maintain power for the upper classes. A crime could lead to a criminal's entire family being executed. Their society was based on Confucian Principles, so it was the people in power's duty to lead the people well. ("While people should obey their rulers, the rulers should work to benefit their people."). The family structure was meant to have each member treat all the others with a mutual respect for their contributions to the family.
That same ideal applied to the family, where male heads were supposed to "govern wisely," and the rest of the house should obey. Women were expected to be subservient, and there had been only one female empress. Noble women were often involved with power struggles, but they worked mostly out of sight.
Because of these values, the more powerful a man was, the more likely he was to have many concubines besides his wife.
(Now I can talk about one of my favorite guys....😼😼😼)
Ling was probably one of the many sons caused by the Emperor having many concubines. Since he was probably an imperial concubine's son, Ling most likely had a very isolated life where he was forever fighting for his father's approval. Noble, or gentry classes, are filled with much cutthroat, inner fighting, where Ling's half siblings almost absolutely had attempts made on his life by assassins or tried to destroy his reputation.
At first, Ling seems to be laid back and carefree, but he actually takes his position as a prince very seriously. He tells Mei Chang that when he becomes Emperor, he is going to reunite their families and protect them. Ling has prioritized Lan Fan's and Ed's lives over his own, despite Ed having a lower status than him and Lan Fan being his body guard.
He is absolutely prepared to die for his cause. For his whole life, he has been completely aware that any one of his many half siblings could take his place, undo all his progress, and send him back to nothing.
The drive that he has led him through the desert, making the long, grueling joirney to Amestris. Since the people of Amestris don't know of his social status, he is able to act like a normal kid his age for once and become friends with Ed.
If anything is wrong, please let me know !!! ( ゚ε゚;)
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1899-1913/chinese-rev#:~:text=In%10October%20of%201911%2C%20a.and%20ending%20the%20imperial%20system
https://www.unm.edu/~toh/china/age-of-empire.html#:~text=Tye%20Structure%20of%20Empire.%2C%20and%20shang%20(merchants)