Verbal language reflects landscape. Up and down, in and out -the most basic metaphors of verbal language- stem from experience of landscape, like bodily movement through landscape. Verbs, nouns, adverbs, adjectives, and their contexts -parts of speech and the structure of verbal language- mirror landscape processes, products, and their modifiers, material, formal, and spatial. Just as a river combines water, flowing, and eroded banks, sentences combine actions andactors, objects and modifiers. The context of a word or sentence, like that of hill or valley, define it. Verbal texts and landscap are nested: word within sentence within paragraph within chapter, leaf within branch within tree within forest.
— Uit: The Language of Landscape van Anne Whiston Spirn (p. 15)