THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS – MUSEUM OF THE BIBLE CHIEF CURATOR DR. ROBERT DUKE GIVES “FOX NEWS SUNDAY” A SPECIAL GLIMPSE AT THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS EXHIBIT AT THE MUSEUM OF THE BIBLE IN WASHINGTON, D.C.
THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS are a collection of ancient manuscripts discovered in the QUMRAN CAVES near THE DEAD SEA in the late 1940s.
They date from the 3rd century BC to the 1st century AD and include texts in HEBREW, ARAMAIC, and GREEK.
These SCROLLS contain some of the oldest known copies of BIBLICAL TEXTS and other RELIGIOUS WRITINGS, significantly impacting our understanding of early JUDAISM and CHRISTIANITY.
THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS & ENOCH (AI)
ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
HANDWRITING ANALYSIS
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) has been employed to analyze the HANDWRITING of THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS.
Researchers have developed a machine-learning model named ENOCH that examines the shapes of letters and compares them to known DATED SCROLLS.
This method allows for a more precise dating of THE MANUSCRIPTS than traditional paleographic analysis.
DATING METHODOLOGY
The AI model combines RADIOCARBON DATING with HANDWRITING ANALYSIS.
By training on RADIOCARBON-DATED SCROLL FRAGMENTS, ENOCH can predict the dates of other SCROLLS with an uncertainty of about 30 years.
This approach has revealed that many SCROLLS are older than previously believed, with some dating back to the 4th century BCE.
SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS
The use of AI in studying THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS has led to new insights into the evolution of ancient JEWISH SCRIPT styles and the historical context of these texts.
The findings suggest that certain BIBLICAL SCROLLS may have originated earlier than their associated communities, prompting a reevaluation of their historical significance.
This innovative approach opens new avenues for research on ANCIENT MANUSCRIPTS worldwide.
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A photo of Dr. Nancy Grace Roman holding a model of the Hubble Space Telescope.
You have to be a pretty big deal for NASA to name a space telescope after you, and that is certainly the case for Dr. Nancy Grace Roman — our Roman Space Telescope’s namesake. She’s sometimes called the “mother of Hubble,” but she’s really the mother of all space-based observatories and NASA science in general. As NASA’s first chief astronomer, Dr. Roman's vision and leadership supercharged space science and helped make NASA the world-class scientific institution it is today.
Nancy Grace Roman as a young child.
Nancy Grace Roman was born on May 16, 1925 in Nashville, Tennessee. She was naturally curious about the world, a trait she attributed to taking nature walks with her mother as a child. By seventh grade, she had decided that she was going to be an astronomer.
She later recounted, “I certainly did not receive any encouragement. I was told from the beginning that women could not be scientists.”
A 1972 photo of Dr. Roman at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md.
Nancy received her bachelor’s in astronomy from Swarthmore College in 1946 and her doctorate in astronomy from the University of Chicago in 1949. She specialized in spectral classification, which involves spreading starlight out into a rainbow to see the individual colors. She would decode these rainbows to learn about the temperature and brightness of the stars, and their distances and movements.
In 1959, just six months after NASA was founded, someone at the agency asked Dr. Roman if she knew someone who might be interested in creating a space-based astronomy program. She sure did — she applied for the job herself, and she got it!
Dr. Roman works with a model of the Orbiting Solar Observatory (OSO).
Creating a whole space program from scratch was no small feat. Dr. Roman quickly set her sights on the stars, determined to make space-based telescopes a reality.
Scientists had been batting around the idea of Hubble for generations. Today, after more than three decades in orbit and thousands of discoveries, it’s hard to believe that Hubble was ever a contentious idea. But in the mid-20th century, a budget-starved NASA and a post-World War II government were hesitant to follow the ambitious ideal of a giant new telescope.
But Dr. Roman knew how transformative it would be to observe the cosmos from above Earth’s turbulent atmosphere, which blurs images from even the best ground-based telescopes. So she gathered astronomers from around the country and sat them down in a room with NASA engineers to hash out the possibilities.
Then she championed the idea to Congress, saying that “for the price of one night at the movies each year, each American would receive 15 years of exciting discoveries.” (And she actually undersold it, since we’ve now received over 36 years of discoveries from Hubble!)
In this 1965 photo, Dr. Roman (center) conducts a demonstration with Smith College students during a visit to NASA.
With leadership experience stretching back to at least the fifth or sixth grade, when she organized her friends into an astronomy club, Dr. Roman paired a personable approach with unwavering commitment to the mission, regardless of who or what stood in her way. And now we have her to thank for not just Hubble but for every other space telescope that has followed.
A portrait of Dr. Roman with the Stratoscope II balloon in the background.
In less than a month, the observatory named in Dr. Roman’s honor will journey to the heavens to transform our view of the universe. Read more about the woman behind the mission’s name here: https://science.nasa.gov/people/nancy-roman/. Follow along with Roman’s road to launch at nasa.gov/roman, and virtually tour the Roman observatory here.
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BILLY BOB THORNTON EXPLAINS WHY CLEAN ENERGY IS A MYTH – LANDMAN
ABIOGENIC THEORY – THE DEEP HOT BIOSPHERE – THOMAS GOLD
ABIOGENIC THEORY refers to the HYPOTHESIS that certain NATURAL RESOURCES, like PETROLEUM, can originate from NON-LIVING, INORGANIC PROCESSES rather than from the DECOMPOSITION of ANCIENT ORGANIC MATTER.
THE DEEP HOT BIOSPHERE is a SIGNIFICANT BOOK by THOMAS GOLD that challenges CONVENTIONAL VIEWS on the origins of OIL and GAS.
THOMAS GOLD, an Austrian-born ASTROPHYSICIST, presents an ABIOGENIC THEORY that suggests HYDROCARBONS are not merely the result of DECAYED ORGANIC MATTER but are instead formed through ABIOGENIC PROCESSES deep within the EARTH.
KEY CONCEPTS
SUBTERRANEAN ECOSYSTEM
THOMAS GOLD posits that beneath the EARTH’S SURFACE exists a VAST ECOSYSTEM of HEAT-LOVING BACTERIA.
This ECOSYSTEM is believed to be larger than the BIOSPHERE that exists on the SURFACE of the EARTH.
ORIGIN OF HYDROCARBONS
The BOOK argues that OIL and GAS are derived from DEEP GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES rather than from the DECOMPOSITION of ANCIENT ORGANIC MATERIALS.
THOMAS GOLD suggests that the PRESENCE of BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES in OIL does not indicate a BIOLOGICAL ORIGIN but rather CONTAMINATION.
ROLE IN THE ORIGIN OF LIFE
THOMAS GOLD theorizes that these DEEP MICROBES may have been crucial in the DEVELOPMENT OF LIFE on EARTH.
He proposes that LIFE on the SURFACE evolved from these PRIMITIVE BACTERIA that originated in the DEPTHS of the EARTH.
IMPLICATIONS OF THOMAS GOLD’S THEORY
ASPECT
DESCRIPTION
ENERGY RESOURCES
Suggests that OIL RESERVES are more abundant than previously thought.
LIFE BEYOND EARTH
Implies that EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE may exist in similar SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS on other PLANETS.
SCIENTIFIC CONTROVERSY
THOMAS GOLD’S IDEAS have sparked DEBATE among GEOLOGISTS and SCIENTISTS, challenging ESTABLISHED THEORIES about FOSSIL FUELS.
THOMAS GOLD’S BOOK encourages a REEVALUATION of how we understand both the EARTH’S GEOLOGY and the potential for LIFE beyond our PLANET.
