Osiris, Egyptian god of the afterlife. Born between the sky goddess Nut and the earth god Geb, Osiris was one of five of their children. His siblings were his wife Isis, his envious brother Set, Setβs wife Nephtys and the elder falcon god Heru-ur. These siblings made up the last generation of the Ennead. A young Osiris dedicated himself to aiding his great grandfather Ra, though the ruler of all gods, Raβs physical body began to age and with that age Raβs mind became senile. This culminated in Ra creating Sekhmet who went on a violent rampage across the world. Osiris lead the operation to rectify Raβs mistake, subduing Sekhmet. Ra recognized his failures and declining health, forgoing his mortal body returning to his true deific form. However upon returning to the sky Ra bestowed his great grandson Osiris the kingship of the gods. Set saw this act as an injustice, letting his envy turn into rage. So to take the throne by force, Set kills Osiris, dismembering him and hiding his body parts across the world. However with the help of Setβs turncoat wife Nephthys and nephew Anubis, Isis was able to find the pieces of Osiris and resurrect her love. Osirisβ son Horus, outraged by the murder of his father, lead a campaign against Set, ultimately dispatching the usurper. Despite Isisβ efforts and apparent success, Osirisβ being was still tethered in Duat. In Duat Osiris oversaw the afterlife and its processes, looking over the spiritβs journey across the underworld for them to be judged and sent to the field of reeds.
Osiris was a later addition to the Egyptian mythos, his worship and myths being younger than his brother Set. The origins of Osirisβ worship is hotly debated, one prevalent theory states that Osiris actually originated from the worship of Andjety, a much older Egyptian god. Both gods share domains of fertility, agriculture, and shepherding. Both held the crook and flail relating to Shepherding, both wore similar crowns and both were associated with the flooding and receding of the Nile. The two gods are also heavily associated with each other in texts, sometimes even fused together. Most likely Osiris branched off from Andjetyβs worship and re assimilated him once Osiris gained state significance. Other theories exist as well, ranging from Osiris being a deified ruler to him being a Syrian god, both of these however are less supported than Andjety. Originally Anubis was the definitive god of the dead, with him being one of the most worshipped gods in the pantheon. However once Osiris and his worship gained popularity, Osiris supplanted Anubis and lowered his station in the pantheon. Osiris embodied many different things, he was considered the god of the dead, agriculture, fertility, rebirth and the underworld. However Osiris also gained the aspect of a moon god from his association with Khonsu and Iah. Before Osiris, funeral inscriptions for kings and Pharaohβs were dedicated to Ra and Anubis as the original belief was that dead spirits rose to join Ra in the afterlife, but Osirisβ instead dictated that dead rulers rest alongside Osiris in Duat while normal spirits enter the field of reeds. Even the funeral inscriptions used in tombs changed to praising Osiris. The worshippers of Osiris viewed the god Benebdjedet as the manifestation of Osirisβ Ba, essentially the Soulβs personality or uniqueness, however this belief wasnβt uniform as other sects of worship claimed Benebdjedet as the Ba of Ra or Ptah. Osiris was actually the name used by the Greeks to refer to the god, the actual Egyptian name of Osiris can be rendered as Usir, Asar and Wesir.
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