J. R. R. Tolkien: no, my books aren't about the war I experienced. It's just a story
J. R. R. Tolkien's works: you cannot go home, war ends entire bloodlines, you are mourning the death of your brother alone, you dug into the earth and permanently scored the land, you cannot explain what you have been through, you cannot go home, "that wound will never fully heal. He will carry it the rest of his life", leaving the women behind does not save them, the young die first, you cannot go home, the parent will bury their child, you have lost the wives and you will never connect with them again, "how shall any tower withstand such numbers and such reckless hate?", you are not the same, you cannot go home, you can never go home, your father will only side with those he sees as worthy bloodlines and you cannot change his mind, it is more meaningful Not to kill, sometimes your sacrifice accomplishes nothing, you cannot go home
What he actually said was(paraphrasing): "I had no hidden messages in mind when I wrote the book, people are bad at guessing what an author's intentions are, and to those people who keep telling me the story is about the horrors of WWII: I fought in WWI, dummies."
Tolkien's works were hitting popularity when it was becoming widespread to see fictional stories as metaphor. We live in that now, to the point where if there's any kind of racial tension in your fictional universe people assume the groups involved are a stand in for one real-world group or another.
His experiences inform a lot of his writing, as they do for all writers, and his themes are truths about life he learned. But the Ring is not a metaphor, though it can be likened to some things. The animosity between the elves and the dwarves is not a metaphor, though it is a lesson on getting over the past to unite for the good while still holding onto the good things about your own culture. The nearest thing to a metaphor might be the Scouring of the Shire, but I think it's more a reflection on the way the shadow can touch even places and people you think are safe.
Heaven help us in genre fiction, no one argues Flannery O'Connor's continuously writing metaphors about having lupus. Fantasy and sci-fi stories are not necessarily- in fact, are rarely- metaphors, but even non-readers and non-academics are addicted to understanding them as such and it brings everything down.
My understanding of Tolkien's writings on fiction is that he's fine with people seeing his works as metaphorical, as long as it is understood that *you* are bringing the metaphor to the table, and he has simply given you the tools to make a metaphor applicable to your own concerns.






















