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The most common sites of urinary tract infection (UTI) are the urinary bladder (cystitis) and the urethra. From these sites the infection may ascend into the ureters (ureteritis) and subsequently involve the kidney (pyelonephritis). Females are more prone to infection of the urinary tract than are males and also present the greater problem in the …

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The examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an essential step in the diagnosis of bacterial and fungal meningitis and CSF must always be considered as a priority specimen that requires prompt attention by the laboratory staff. Normal CSF is sterile and clear, and usually contains three leukocytes or fewer per mm3 and no erythrocytes. The …

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A long-term research in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) led by the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health and Stellenbosch University in South Africa, in collaboration with the DRC National Tuberculosis Program has shown that relatively high proportion of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) can be cured in shorter treatment periods and low-income countries …

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When susceptible antibiotics are used to treat a pathogenic bacterium, the treatment usually find its success. Having said that, the antibiotic chosen might become ineffective occasionally. It could be due to heteroresistance, a phenomenon that has been studied in depth by Uppsala and Emory University researchers in a new research. Upon a suspicious bacterial infection, …

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Introduction Blood is cultured to detect and identify bacteria or other cultivable microorganisms (yeasts, filamentous fungi). The presence of such organisms in the blood is called bacteraemia or fungaemia, and is usually pathological. In healthy subjects, the blood is sterile. Septicaemia is a clinical term used to describe bacteraemia with clinical manifestations of a severe …

A team of scientists led by researchers at the University of Georgia Center for Food Safety in Griffin has developed a machine-learning approach that could lead to quicker identification of the animal source of certain Salmonella outbreaks. In the research, published in the January 2019 issue of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Xiangyu Deng and his colleagues used …

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Researchers of the University of Barcelona (UB) have analyzed, with massive sequencing techniques for the first time, the evolution of the Hepatitis A virus with samples from patients. The results, published in the journal EBioMedicine, show the presence of variants of the virus that could escape the effects of the vaccine. The study, led by the …

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The US Food and Drug Administration warned on Thursday that the benefits of fluoroquinolone antibiotics do not outweigh the risks — which include aortic aneurysm — for certain patients, according to the latest research. The research is based on reports of patient problems and on studies published between 2015 and 2018. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics are often used to treat serious respiratory infections, …

Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease are major complications of HIV infection and cannot currently be treated by antiretroviral treatments. The risk of heart disease increases twofold in patients with HIV. For 15 years, researchers from the George Washington University (GW) have been studying the mechanisms responsible for HIV-associated cardiovascular disease. Recently, the team received more than …

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