Elizabeth Jearn

[yalmano-blog]

TD-SCDMA strengthens technology and gradual progress

2.4 TD-HSPA + position in TD-SCDMA network gradual progress TD-SCDMA to HSDPA, and then to HSPA, the compatibility of the system has got very good maintenance. Since 2004, 3GPP has put forward LTE in order to tackle the competition that WiMAX technology brought 3G system should perform and enter LTE from HSPA. But because LTE TDD has adopted OFDM technology, discrepancy to TD-SCDMA and HSPA system compatibility in the past to a certain extent, but the reason the time to put forward is later than LTE that this is HSPA + too inferior to LTE on the characteristic. The proposition of HSPA + has reflected on one hand some apparatus manufacturers extend CDMA demand of technological duration, on the other hand has reflected already to 3G systematic gradual progress more smooth hope in 3G and gradual progress operator that is invested about equal fund. So, there are two gradual progress routes on the whole of TD systems: ( 1) TD-SCDMA basic model- >HSDPA- >HSPA- >HSPA+- >LTE TDD ( 2) TD-SCDMA basic model- >HSDPA- >HSPA- >LTE TDD Table 1 has compared R6, TD-HSPA + and LTE key feature on the characteristic. Can find out, the goal of HSPA + is to reach the characteristic of identity with LTE under the bandwidth of 5MHz. So TD-HSPA + will not merely strengthen technology to make up briefly, in order to reach the characteristic close to LTE, need, wait for in many aspects going on, fixing in the intersection of system and framework also. TD-HSPA + relevant canonial formulation should be later than LTE, the corresponding commerce disposes the commercialization that time will be later than LTE, so see at present even if HSPA + can offer the characteristic of LTE identity, the market is more difficult to choose the possibility of HSPA + to predict. Table 1 characteristics of different systems compare with characteristic Have certain operator of scale as to some the intersection of 3G and the intersection of network and staging to HSDPA and and HSUPA already, HSPA is + a very good choice. HSPA + not only can to the maximum extent compatible the intersection of HSPA and system, if can also very little; In addition, HSPA + adopts bandwidth and frequency band the same as 3G, this difficulty that will reduce the network greatly and dispose, make its commercial process faster. But to only disposing the operator of WCDMA or TD-SCDMA basic model partly, there is not a network to HSPA of staging at the moment, if LTE canonicalization and course of commercialization are comparatively smooth, HSPA + will probably be jumped over, perform and enter LTE directly. It seems now that most operators belong to the latter. 3 conclusions At present, TD-SCDMA network of China has already possessed certain scale, has begun to support HSDPA in 2008, can support HSUPA in the first half of 2009. In order to raise TD-SCDMA system in HSPA competitiveness at stage, what enhanced performance on the existing foundation to need studying. Even the gradual progress of TD-SCDMA network does not go through intact HSPA + stage, namely does not require that must reach the demand for LTE close characteristic - -Then the network framework of HSPA will not carry on the great modification, but still need to carry on some important technology such as EFACH, CPC and 64QAM,etc. and technical research of other gradual progress, the technology has important meanings to promote in the continuation of TD-HSPA network capability. Meanwhile, Off-The-Shelf HSPA standard and system can also be optimized in a great deal of respects, integration and optimizing, support to MBMS business,etc. as the ones that reduce or remove HSPA follow the control channel of signal channel, HSDPA and HSUPA, systematic to follow-up research work the if LTE and even 4G afford successful experience.

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PC global outloading increases by 16.5% in the first quarter

The market survey company IDC announced the data display, under the pushes of the price war and demand which the notebook computer is increasing constantly, the development of the market of PC is still powerful at present. Produced 41,200,000 computers altogether in the first quarter of 2004, compared with the same period last year, have increased by 16.5%. In the global range, Europe, Middle East and Africa increase fastest, amplification reaches 20%. IDC thinks, European dollar is strong, the prevalence of the portable computer and vigorous demand from individual and small and medium-sized enterprises are the main power of promoting this development. Come theory on enterprise, Dell achievement preferably, sell 7,700,000 computers together first quarter, have increased by 28% compared with the same period of last year. Hewlett-Packard has increased 15.8%, the general growth rate of the market that lower than making. IDC points out the growth of Hewlett-Packard mainly comes from personal consumers, it needs to gain the market share that more enterprise orders can expand it. Hewlett-Packard's present production accounts for 15.7% of global total production, 15.8% slightly lower than the same period last year.

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TD-SCDMA strengthens technology and gradual progress

A foreword Course that the physical aspect becomes more meticulous to resource control gradually, melts fast that the gradual progress of the wireless communication system is; Also the systematic aspect reduces the course of controlling the expenses progressively. The embodiment from QPSK gradual progress to a series of development before AMC of HSPA is, and from the new function such as PLCCH appearing in the development of HSPA, embodiment of a series of development after F-DPCH,etc. is. Because TD-SCDMA is master in the course of developing to indicate sexual stage takes HSDPA stage, HSPA stage, HSPA + stage as the thread, this text will analyze HSPA + position and function in the gradual progress of the overall system in recommending TD-SCDMA gradual progress route and HSPA + relevant technical foundation. 2 TD-SCDMA strengthens the technical gradual progress 2.1 TD-HSDPA TD-HSDPA can be to resource allocation faster, more accurately of wireless environment which users lived in, therefore under the spectral bandwidth the same as R99, obtain more high communication speed. The technology that mainly adopts in HSDPA includes sharing the high speed channel, because of fast managing, AMC of NodeB,etc.. At the 8th Plenary Session of CCSA TC5 in December of 2005, TD-SCDMA HSDPA interface and serial standards of the apparatus listed in Chinese trade's standard formulation and made the plan. Have already finished the drafting including TD-SCDMA HSDPA sector standard of the multi-carrier HSDPA scheme at the end of 2006. 2.2 TD-HSPA After introducing HSDPA, downstream transmission rate and throughput of TD network are promoted greatly, the upstream speed is still on the low side by contrast. Adopt technology such as AMC, NodeB deployment the same on the up run as HSDPA,etc. too, the network can support HSUPA, it is HSPA stage therefore TD-SCDMA network can further perform and enter HSDPA +HSUPA. According to the work program of CCSA, will finish the formulation work of TD-SCDMA HSUPA rower in June of 2008. 2.3 TD-HSPA+ Unflatness that the proposition of LTE makes the operator that has already put a large number of fund into 3G networked worry to LTE gradual progress on one hand, on the other hand has weakened manufacturer's relevant patent CDMA function played in mobile communication of the apparatus. So some operator combination plant manufacturers have put forward the concept of HSPA + in 3GPP, hope that can reach LTE close characteristic too with HSPA of CDMA. The subject for research of TD-HSPA + is set up at the 15th session of CCSA TC5 WG9 in 2007. In CCSA and 3GPP at present, the groundwork of TD-HSPA + concentrates on research and canonicalization of 64QAM and EFACH at work. 2.3.1 TD-HSPA + critical technology HSPA is + the gradual progress on the basis of HSPA, on the basis of keeping the leading feature of HSPA and controlling the channel arrangement, HSPA of FDD + enhancement technology that considers include the gradual progress of the framework, RoT of upstream VoIP controls strengthening, enhancement, EFACH, CPC, DL 64QAM, UL 16QAM, MIMO, disturbance elimination receiver of the layer 2,etc.. To the characteristic of TD-SCDMA system, are mainly dominated in CCSA and 3GPP by the Chinese manufacturer, has confirmed main research direction and working direction of canonicalization of TD-HSPA +, including: ( 1) HSDPA introduces 64QAM: 64QAM will make spectrum effectiveness and system throughput improved on the section of high SNR, will make TD-HSDPA form carrier peak value speed and spectrum effectiveness improve by 1.5 times after introducing 64QAM in theory, namely reach 4.2Mbit/s and 3.9bit/s/Hz separately. In CCSA and 3GPP at present, 64QAM technology of TD-HSPA + is studying in the course. ( 2) CPC technology: CPC will further optimize user's characteristic under Cell_DCH state, will further reduce resources and consume to make UE keep in Cell_DCH state for a long time, reduce power consumption and complexity of UE at the same time, guarantee to be " always-on " better QoS of business such as kind of business and VoIP. In CCSA and 3GPP, are carrying on the research of CPC, but not set up yet at the moment at present. ( 3) CELL_FACH strengthens: Because it is an important performance index that setting-up and channel allocation of the business delay time, map SRB to general HSPA to reduce greatly and transmit and delay time. Time delay that enhanced CELL_FACH of TDD system produces while aiming at improving the status switching of CELL_FACH peak value speed and UE. EFACH in TD-HSPA + discusses more technology at the standard meeting at present, its subject for research has already been set up in CCSA. ( 4) The second layer is strengthened: The speed of crest value after supporting 64QAM HSDPA, MIMO of TD-SCDMA system will obviously increase, needs to introduce the flexible RLC PDU magnitude. It certainly will bring about MAC layer segmenting /tandem connection the demands of the functions. This project is discussed at the standard meeting less at present. ( 5) MIMO: MIMO technology improves an important means of systematic throughput on the physical layer, and multiplex, can raise the communication speed greatly through the space diversity. MIMO technical standard operation has not been started yet at the moment, its relevant research is going on too. ( 6) The optimization of the network framework: In order to reach more high time delay characteristic, RNC in the network has already become the de facto bottleneck. But how to carry on the network framework needs further research optimally, such as RNC and NodeB function of the User plane is unified, keep the control plane agreement to realize in RNC; Keep the existing network framework, realize the mirror image of the essential RNC function only in NodeB; It is first-class to totally shut RNC and NodeB. At present, about how to optimize the network framework have not begun yet to discuss, its relevant detail awaits further research.

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Great Britain flies and insults: DDR2 will become DRAM mainstream

A few days ago, at the intersection of Intel and the intersection of information technology and summit that Beijing hold, store Great Britain, supplier of products, fly to, insult science and technology, show their leading technology and solution to insider, and announce it utilized ripe and stable technology in 2004, with the plan to DDR2 standard gradual progress of the valid cost. At present, all DRAM manufacturers claim to support DDR2, and put out DDR2 products since the second half of 2003 successively. Run up with FSB speed, needs to adopt DDR2 under the new DRAM framework too, thus promote the constant enhancement of DDR2 market position. It is predicted, within the next 12 months, approve of increase of degree to it with technical introduction and user of the mature products, the market will be smooth to DDR2 standard to carry out the transition. Great Britain flies and insults and is expected to occupy the market share above the DRAM market 40% in DDR2 products in the first half of 2005. Store a products supplier as the third largest in the world, Great Britain flies and insults and has an optimistic view of the market prospect of DDR2 very much. At present, on the basis of production technology of 110 nanometers, Great Britain flies and insults and already plans to fortunately promote the market to DDR2 gradual progress with high cost efficiency in 2004. Great Britain flies and insults expecting to introduce in 2004 to direct against DDR2 products in the server, work station and desktop field. The new leading DRAM channel production technology of adopting Great Britain and flying and insulting of DDR2 products, adopt 0.11 microns or craft of a smaller size. Because craft of 0.11 microns was authorized and applied to DDR production in the second half of 2003, Great Britain can use the wafer the same to insult as existing DDR to produce DDR2 products, so can guarantee strong DDR2 operational capacities to fly, and meet DDR/DDR2 concurrent pattern. Meanwhile, more high operation frequency and capsulating transforming and needing to have new investing in to BGA in testing and assembling the device. The investment that will increase DDR2 product development actively flies and insults from Great Britain, promote the development of DDR2 product market in 2005.

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Synopsys gave EDA tool to Chinese Academy of Sciences

IC design software manufacturer Synopsys Company announced a few days ago, this companies and SUN Companies unite, grant 20 sets of IC and design the whole procedure EDA (electronic design automation) to the Chinese Academy of Sciences EDA centre through U.S.A. Charles Babbage foundation Tool software, 20 work stations and a server. This measure aims at helping the Chinese Academy of Sciences to train and know the most advanced IC design software and hardware platform and can adapt to the severe senior talents that challenged in the future, thus is promoting the development of China IC industry constantly. Charles Babbage foundation is in U.S.A.'s famous non-commercial organization, makes promoting the technical historical process of information as one's own duty, two major goals of it are to protect the property of IT trade, offer specialization and educational resource in many aspects to the outside. All the time, Charles Babbage foundation offers project support for numerous institutions of higher learning and other organizations constantly. It is a first support project regarding IC design the field outside the native country of U.S.A. of Charles Babbage foundation to grant to the Chinese Academy of Sciences this time, have shown its paying attention to to position of technical industry of China's information, indicated it fully approves of the important function performed in technical development of China's key information of the Chinese Academy of Sciences at the same time. In this cooperation, Synopsys, except donating 20 sets of IC to design the whole procedure EDA tool software to the Chinese Academy of Sciences EDA centre through Charles Babbage foundation, will also offer corresponding technical training and consultation service. IC of this centre can share to design to developers to its abundant specialized experience too while employing Synopsys advanced tool. The cooperation between Chinese Academy of Sciences and Synopsys both sides has a long history. In 2002, Synopsys and the Chinese Academy of Sciences set up " advanced SoC (system level chip) in Beijing together Design and unite the laboratory " ,And already put into operation formally. The intersection of centre and based on Synopsys the intersection of tool and platform, EDA of Chinese Academy of Sciences, set up standardizing, designing procedure to 0.13 SoC by 0.18 advanced subsequently, and support to succeed in developing in every research unit in the courtyard " Long Xin 2 " CPU (central processing unit) , " concentric " DSP (digital signal processor) Wait for the great project. Up till now, the cooperation between Synopsys and the Chinese Academy of Sciences is being deepened constantly, the research project which EDA centre launched has already entered DFM (but designing for manufacturing) Wait for IC of the front to design the technical field.

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Motorola Datang pushes TD-SCDMA chip together

A few days ago, Motorola moved and signed the memorandum of understanding with Datang, jointly developed the chip set products of base band for TD-SCDMA market. Both sides also plan to promote the development in Chinese market, and even global market growing up of TD-SCDMA chip products scheme gradually together and promote. The meaning is extraordinary that this cooperation between Motorola and Datang seems.

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Supplier's five tops in the world of the digital camera

Claim according to a report on the market about the 2003 digital camera of IDC research company, last year Canon and Kodak but reaped in snowball to some extent on competing for very fierce market of global digital camera, but still fail to knock Sony off from the eldest's seat. IDC claims, the digital camera production last year of Sony had accounted for 18% of global production, Canon was up to 16% after exceeding Olympus, the latter is 13%. Market share of Kodak 12%, rank quad bit, exceed Fuji. In general, the production of the global comsumption-based digital camera reached 47,900,000 last year, 71% for 28 million growth in 2002. To taking a picture whenever and wherever possible, storing and printing the requirement of the photograph to promote with people, users' demand to digital camera continues increasing. In early time, Sony had just infringed its exclusive right and put forward prosecution to Kodak, lead to the fact the fight between two companies is fiercer. One month before, Kodak has just prosecuted Sony to infringe 10 patents correlated with storing and printing the digital image.

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TD HSDPA technical analysis and realizing

A foreword The demands for the movement data traffic of the high speed of the masses of mobile subscribers are more and more urgent, the data of 2G network are limited in data transmission, TD-SCDMA HSDPA will become the satisfied outstanding carriers that moved data traffic at a high speed. With the arrival of 2008 Olympic Games, every TD-SCDMA systems and terminal producers take out one's own HSDPA solution one after another, post the letter department and spare no effort to invest TD-SCDMA development of terminal products and study for many years again, development of the card of surfing Internet of leading HSDPA data. Characteristic of card of surfing Internet of HSDPA data of posting the letter department again at present is good, quality is stable, have good compatibility. Post the letter department and make due contribution for TD-SCDMA cause of China's independent intellectual property right hard again. 2 HSDPA critical technology Because technological reasons such as data modulation code, deployment, retransmission,etc., 3GPP R4 highest speed of packet data traffic at stage, only for 384kbit/s, have raised the machine format transmission rate of descenting in R5 stage HSDPA by many kinds of communication skills. However, bring certain technological difficulty to terminal and system design at the same time. Will probably introduce various critical technology used in HSDPA as follows. 2.1 Adaptive modulation and encoding technique A very important characteristic of the radio path is the degeneration while having the very strong one, short-time Rayleigh fading can reach a dozen even dozens of dBs, behave more obviously as to high-speed movable termination and high speed data transmission. In order to solve this problem, has introduced AMC technology in HSDPA, this kind of technology carries on the tracing of adaptation to the time varying characteristic, will bring very great advantage to improvement of system performance. The concrete course is the network side according to user's instant signal channel quality state and Radio Resource RR at present, chosen the optimum downlink modulating and encoder mode, the throughput rate of the high data of making users achieve trying hard. When users are in the favorable communication place ' Such as nearing NodeB or line-of-sight link present) ,User data transmission can adopt the intersection of high-order and modulate and high signal channel encoder mode of speed, such as 16QAM and 3/4 of the code rates, thus received the speed of high crest value. And when users are in the unfavorable communication place, signal quality is poor (if lie in the edge or signal channel of Residential Area and decline deeply) ,Choose the modulation mode of the low order and signal channel coding scheme of the short rate in the network side, such as QPSK and 1/4 of the code rates, come to guarantee communication quality. Guarantee no matter in which kind of traffic environment, the terminal station can get high-speed downstream data transmission like this. 2.2 HARQ technology The condition of the wireless traffic environment far transmits much more abominably limitedly than the tradition, because terminal movement bring the intersection of power and make, regular control problem, in addition HSDPA need, realize at a high speed descenting transmission of the data rate, increase the probability of retransmission of data greatly, in fact use RLC come to guarantee the transmissive exactness of the data can't already meet the transmissive requirement of HSDPA data again. In order to raise the retransmission efficiency of data and increase the utilization factor of the radio path, International Telecommunications Union leads HARQ technology into to HSDPA standard. Say, the technological total of HARQ retransmission uses three ways, RLC ARQ mode in the original TD-SCDMA system belongs to HARQ of the type me in terms of theory. Plus CRC in HARQ of the fundamental type me, adopts FEC code. Encode FEC to decode on the receiving end, and check (CRC checks) the quality of the bag . If find that has mistake one to require Bao Zhong to spread, and wrap up and abandon the whole mistake. Retransmission adopt with the intersection of single transmission and same code. In order to raise the efficiency, will adopt type II and HARQ technology of the type II in HSDPA, H-ARQ of the type II will be called the incremental redundancy scheme, the data block of retransmission can't be abandoned and does not need, but should be together with some redundant information used for decoding offered by transmitting terminal. To H-ARQ type II, for error correction, retransmission has carried additional redundant information. The additional redundancy merges with bag received before, the code word got has more high coding gain. The redundant quantity of each retransmission is different, and retransmission can only usually be decoded after amalgamating with data spread before. HARQ of the type III belongs to a kind of incremental redundancy coding scheme too, the one different from type Ⅱ is, there is the retransmission information each time of the type from decoding capability. The type is still divided into single redundant scheme and redundant scheme much. Among them the single redundant scheme is because of Dr. ARQ technology that Chase describes first, is called CC technology (CC too: Chase Combining) . Because of adopting type II and HARQ technology of the type II, the retransmission efficiency of HSDPA has got big improvement. In HSDPA, in order to strengthen the use of Radio Resource RRs, terminal and can coexist a plurality of HARQ process between the networks carries on data transmission, work high-efficiently independently between each HARQ, this is one of HSDPA technological characteristics too. 2.3 Modulation technique of high-order Use the original signal modulation mode, can't already reach and descent the goal of the message transmission rate 2.8Mbit/s, so HSDPA unable to afford to prevent from. This too leads 16QAM high-order modulation technique into to the reason in HSDPA. The high-order modulated technical application to propose more high requirement to the hardware, in order to realize this one at present, post the letter department's company and bring the time lock of C3220 dedicated chip up to 1/32chip from 1/8Chip again, have facilitated the demodulation of 16QAM greatly. 2.4 Manage fast The dispatch algorithm is controlling the distribution of the shared resource, has determined the characteristic of the overall system to a great extent, in the original TD-SCDMA system, the deployment of Radio Resource RRs is controlled by RNC, and RNC and all information of Node B are mutual need realizing through Iub interface, increase the time delay of information processing greatly, can't already meet HSDPA transmissive requirement of the data of descenting at a high speed, and lack the flexibility. In order to solve this problem, HSDPA transplants the deployment of some Radio Resource RRs to Node B to realize, can reach the most high user's data rate and data throughput of the maximum at the time of each one like this, but give consideration to each user's grade and fairness at the same time, the deployment of Radio Resource RRs can be precise as to each TTI. Realization scheme of 3 HSDPA Because HSDPA adopts many kinds of new technologies, to that certain requirement exists on the hardware realized, need to deal with much information within unit time, it is already very difficult for the past communication processing chip to finish. Therefore Chongqing post the intersection of letter and the intersection of department and Company, put out a section of special purpose chips C3220 again. C3220 chip integrates kernel of a ARM926EJ, kernel of two ZSP500s, TD-SCDMA and deals with IP and a series of general purpose interface chips specializedly. On handling capacity, this chip can support 384kbit/s high-speed data traffic, HSDPA business, MBMS business, complicated business, co-frequency network connection and supporting base band, protocol stack and applied treatment at the same time of the data and speech. Integrating it on crafts, adopt 0.13? M craft, LFBGA packaging technique, make the chip small, is suitable for the designs of different appearance HSDPA terminal products. And include TD-SCDMA specialized electric-saving circuit in the chip and well solve the problem of TD-SCDMA terminal power consumption.

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High density NAND flashing memory products of ST batch productino

Purpose law semiconductor (ST) Begin batch productino 1000MB and 512MB high density NAND flashing memory products recently, these two products take notice of the semi-conductive flashing memory product series of the law for the first time, it is USB flashing memory driver, digital consumption electronic product, MP3 player, digital camera and data storage solution that the third generation mobile phone has offered a cost to optimize. NAND1G and NAND512 of ST have very big data throughput, are suitable for the mass memory and required high density of the portable equipment, wiped writing and low power consumption etc. to require at a high speed. In order to meet two staple markets' demands, these two products both have two kinds of working power specifications, including NAND01GW3A and NAND512W3A, and NAND01GR3A and NAND512R3A under 1.8V voltage under 3.0V voltage.

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WCDMA network framework and communication agreement

Preface: Extend understanding the standard of " 49 issues of technological IT ", discuss CDMA technology like the cocktail party, but such concept of a cocktail party, how is it accomplished in the actual UMTS network in fact? What technology and idea changes? And then we will introduce WCDMA network framework and communication agreement This text: In preceding paragraphs, we have referred to UMTS framework: In order to try hard to reduce the framework change of the network, the end of network is divided into the forward end and deposits and withdraws the network (Access Network) And rear end core network (Core Network) . Among them WCDMA inherits GSM/GPRS core network, but newly-increased one's own access network: UTRAN(Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network) . In fact, what apparatuses does WCDMA network need to be newly-increased? WCDMA network epuipment drawing,it last network equipment of it and among banded. Pursue the title: WCDMA network equipment WCDMA deposits and withdraws the network and mainly includes 2 kinds of apparatuses: Node B- is responsible for radio transmission and receiving among 1 or a plurality of mobile phones, it is equivalent to BTS (Base Transceiver Station) in GERAN . RNC(Radio Network Controller) -Responsible for controlling the resource use of radio, it is equivalent to BSC (Based Station Controller) in GERAN . But there is the following several apparatus in the core network: MSC(Mobile Switching Center) /VLR(Visitor Location Register) -MSC, in order to be responsible for the switchboard that the mobile phone communicates with PTSN, it can serve and contain mobile phone registered to it in the range in it, and store the data of these mobile phones in the VlR Database. GMSC(Gateway Mobile Switching Center) -Each user (or talk about each SIM card) There is one GMSC, just like its family. While not belonging to its user at home, GMSC can know whose home these users go to to go, that is to say in which MSC at present it will be user these, with which MSC registers finally. HLR(Home Location Register) /AuC(Authentication Center) -Record all data of the user's under all this network, and offer the relevant information authentication user. SGSN(Serving GPRS Support Node) -It is equivalent to MSC of Packet Switched Domain, the router conversing as PS. GGSN(Gateway GPRS Support Node) -Equivalent to GMSC of Packet Switched Domain, until to external window of Internet. Communication protocol layer After we understand network framework, may begin to be curious, the end of network is so multiunit, how to communicate and finish including registering, conversing, surfing the Net with the mobile phone Wait for various types of tasks. In fact, exchange the message through the communication protocol layer, mobile phone and network end can communicate with each other; Among them NAS (Non-Access Stratum) It is a protocol layer among mobile phone and core network, and AS (Access Stratum) ,It is a mobile phone and deposits and withdraws the protocol layer among the networks. Inspect the floor of CS Domain protocol We know that can be divided into Circuit Switched Domain (MSC, GMSC) the core network And Packet Switched Domain (SGSN, GGSN) ,So NAS divisible CS Domain and PS Domain 2 parts; On the other hand, do not have such a difference to deposit and withdraw the network, so both share identical AS. And then we will introduce the protocol layers of CS Domain and PS Domain separately. Pursue the title: CS Domain

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The manufacturing facilities sales amount of the chip drops by 5.2% in February

A few days ago, one house industry organize, claim because North America, Europe, chip manufacturing facilities of Japan sell and lower Thursday, compared with the first month the manufacturing facilities sales amount of the chip dropped by 5.2% to 2,469 million dollars in February in the whole world. The digital display of SEMI, the chip apparatus is sold and compared with last month all in dropping in February in North America, Europe, Japan and China, but South Korea has increased by 42% by a relatively large margin for one, Taiwan increases by 9.64% and reaches 559,830,000 dollars and peak value since 19 monthses.

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WCDMA network framework and communication agreement

First of all, AS agreement that is sharing includes: Physical Layer- is the agreement among mobile phone and Node B, utilizes and introduces the cocktail party concept to CDMA above, convey and receive data through the radio channel, is responsible for being in pace with base station at the same time, adjust and convey and receive the time point. In addition, it will gauge the signal intensity. Physical Layer is Layer 1 generally pointed. MAC(Medium Access Control) -It is the protocol among mobile phone and RNC, the ones that are responsible for Logical Channel of the upper strata, and Transport Channel of the lower floor are corresponding, the permeable mulitasking finds the appropriate channel, convey the data that the upper strata should send out, and offer different priority. When using and sharing the channel, the package that MAC can be distinguished in sharing the channel is given to oneself or others. In addition, MAC is responsible for gauging user's data (namely the transmission of the non- umbilical signal) too Flowrate. RLC(Radio Link Control) -It is the agreement among mobile phone and RNC, are mainly responsible for cutting (segmentation) , recombination (reassembly) , tandem connection (concatenation) , wrong detect (error detection) , flow control (flow control) ,Even error correction (error correction) Wait for the general traditional function of Layer 2. In addition, RLC has offered 3 kinds of data data transmission: OTransparent Mode-RLC is only responsible for sending the data received, does not add any mark bottom gear (header) And can only support the package of the fixed magnitude, so is unable to do any detect or control. Because has not marked the bottom gear, so is unable to add the code number (sequence number) ,So if needs the encrypting-diencrypting, would convey the package received under this mode by MAC encrypting-diencrypting. OUnacknowledged Mode-RLC will in addition, mark the bottom gear, utilize the code number to be sent after encrypting after cutting apart. Because of adding the code number, the receiving end can recombinate and judge after declassification whether any mistake happens in the course of conveying in this package. OAcknowledged Mode-, under this mode, except RLC marks the bottom gear (can do the encrypting-diencrypting) Outside, and there are umbilical packages in order to reach flow control, error correction retransmission package, guarantee the package sends the upper strata according to the order. MAC and RLC make up Layer 2, , among mobile phone and RNC, so soft handoff preceding paragraphs mention limited to, connect to with 1 these base of RNC only because of layer of agreements these Taiwan. RRC(Radio Resource Control) -It is the protocol among mobile phone and RNC. Responsible for setting up, presuming, releasing radio resources. Its function also includes handling radio information (such as systematic parameter setting) , response messanger call (paging) When. RRC can be regarded as the commanding officer of WCDMA, occupies very important status in AS. RRC message uses ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation one) This standard grammar code. RRC is Layer 3. On the other hand, it is the agreement among mobile phone and MSC in NAS protocol layer of CS Domain, comprisings: MM(Mobility Management) -The associated procedure of running with the mobile phone while moving, as if register (Registration) , the Location Update (Location Update) of mobile phone , the mobile phone status is discerned (Identification) And authorize Wait for the function. In addition, MM needs to set up on-linely to let the upper strata agreement exchange the message by this too. CM(Connection Management) -Offer the basic service of the mobile phone, such as conversation service, message service and additional service: oCC(Call Control) -CC runs with and allocates or puts through pronunciation conversing, faxing, data and converses (such as CSD) ,Include, set up, drive the conversation procedure out and allow meanwhile among them how have a phone convesation, store in. Meanwhile, it is responsible for DTMF (Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency) too Treatment. oSMS(Short Message Service) -Namely generally message service that we use. Something special is, though message service is the characters or picture used for spreading the user, but it itself uses controlling the signal channel, but not the channel that user's data use. oSS(Supplementary Service) -The additional service can be divided into 2 kinds, one is service correlated with conversing, for example: Converse (Multiparty Call) in many ways When. Another 1 the service of having no relations with conversing, for example: Converse and limit (Call Barring) , go electric number reveal / limit (Calling Line Identification Presentation/Restriction) Wait, service and USSD (Unstructured Supplementary Service Data) defined in spec ,If ' *147 #s ' this kind has not been listed in spec, and the service of developing by operator. Inspect the floor of PS Domain protocol As to CS Domain protocol layer, PS Domain protocol layer; Use the same AS with CS Domain protocol layer, but entirely different NAS, layer of these protocols is agreements among mobile phone and SGSN, include: Pursue the title: PS Domain GMM(GPRS Mobility Management) -It is equivalent to MM of PS Domain. SM(Session Management) -Mainly responsible for PDP Context (Packet Data Protocol Context) Setting-up, modification and relieve. In addition, SMS can be conveyed through PS Domain too; In other words, SMS can follow some conditions, as if the mode that the ability, mobile phone of mobile phone and network end live in at present Wait, choose to receive and dispatch through CS or PS. These above-mentioned communication protocol layers, the platform offering a mobile phone to communicate with the networks. See through agreement these, until each relevant apparatus that reach correspondingly exchange the message among the network mobile phone, offer many 釆's colourful wireless communication service of the mobile phone by this. (author is Qualcomm CDMA Technologies reputable engineer now)

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First " loudspeakers on slice " Semi-conductive solution

Conexant's system Company puts out the first in the world " The loudspeaker on slice " ( SPoC) Solution series. CX20562 has integrated key loudspeaker technology and handled the function on the single device, the goal supports audio frequency of high definition and pronunciation and employs the products. These products include integrated audio frequency loudspeaker and anechoic speaker phone microphone the odd one " All-in-one " PC sound system, loudspeaker, LCD multimedia display unit, iPod/MP3 base system, notebook computer expansion chassis of the peripheral hardware, and IP pronunciations (VoIP) such as the speaker phone,etc. Peripheral hardware. The single chip SPoC solution still supports the appreciation consumption function, such as the news (IM) in time " hot key " Noise reduction function of chatting in the transmitting capacity, music keep, microphone mute and individual. The single chip CX20562 integrates digital audio / speech processor, audio frequency coder-decoder and class d amplifier to the single high cost performance and capsulates. Its main function includes advanced acoustic processing, echo cancellation and noise reduction technique of realizing remarkable tone quality. In addition, SPoC solution also adopted the Integrated universal serial bus (USB) Interface, help manufacturers to develop with PC and Mac compatible products that used simultaneously, and have auxiliary analog input that can be connected to various audio frequency peripheral hardware. Conexant Company utilizes its long history and extensive IP association in view of speech processing and encoding, have introduced the technological innovation products that can improve the tone quality notably. The technological innovation characteristic of CX20562 includes: Deal with the algorithm when the level of source of sound is lower in audio frequency that Conexant develops, have used the dynamic range to compress sum " Gao Liang " Tone quality balanced. BrightSound can reduce the loudspeaker " Block " ,In this case, the acoustical signal is ended or " blocked " ,The tone quality is distorted. In addition, the too big power is blocked may do harm to sensor of the loudspeaker. There is BrightSound " The mode at night " The function, can weaken the high acoustic background acoustical signal (such as the alarm equipment or explosive sound) ,But can raise people's pronunciation voice. This can clearly hear the audio track of the pronunciation while making consumers see the film or play the video-game, needn't increase sound volume and interfere with others. The wide band is taken back sound and dispelled: Advanced multiply frequency acoustics echo cancellation digital signal processor (DSP) Can catch the more extensive speech signal, send out more natural and more loud and more clear sound. The loudspeaker can be reduced too to the echo of the microphone, the echo is the Q&A of influencing PCVoIP and IM utility program. At present, encourage consumers to use the headset or earphone to solve this problem. CX20562 has been reduced notably and feedbacks, lets consumers not be collinear and pins down, thus it is concerted to realize the high-quality, anechoic pronunciation and talk. Noise reduction: The high-performance array microphone can dispel the background noise, improve the tone quality. The unique shaping technology of sound beam of Conexant is used for according with the signals of a plurality of microphones for being simplex " The sound beam " ,Concentrate on VoIP telephone that a person types. The ones that narrow the microphone " The adapterization " The radius contributes to dispelling the background noise, improve the quality of VoIP telephone. CX20562 accords with USB audio frequency norm, support the fundamental audio interface, including the auxiliary input, earphone jack, built-in microphone is input, figure / simulation volume control, loudspeaker squelch muting, and microphone mute. Optional function include, support one extra 20 key keyboard and a liquid crystal display control unit interface. SPoC with abundant function still supports various disposable programmable functions, thus realize maximum design flexibility. In addition, manufacturers can also choose to develop the new product, get power from USB host computer, or adopt the external source to supply power to the products of higher output power, the loudspeaker substantially as having the woofer. There is no lead wire (QFN) to adopt 48 pins tabularly all sides Encapsulated CX20562 has already begun to supply now. Depend on its function is presumed from 2.00 dollars to 3.75 dollars at every price of ten thousand slices of batch. The intact assessment kit includes reference design, software and technical documentation, pricing is 200 dollars. http://www.guangdongdz.com/special_column/techarticle/20086/141430286060.html

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LG plasma module factory of Nanjing completes

LG electronic plasma module factory of Nanjing completed formally a few days ago, annual production capacity reached 240,000, Nanjing will become the plasma products production base of China's maximum. Happy gold electron (Nanjing) The plasma company was made the investment to build in 2003 by LG electron, first-phase investment is nearly 70 million dollars, mainly engaged in producing and selling new dull and stereotyped display devices such as plasma die set and plasma, liquid crystal, rear-projection,etc. and series of products in research. The first production line is put into producing as a trial at the end of last year, go into operation in the year after next and produce 240,000 plasma die sets formally, plasma TV Station 50,000. The statistics show, by 2005, the whole world will reach 8 million to the video demand of plasma, China's market demand will reach 300,000 too.

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Knowledge popularizes: Important law of stereo technology and effect

Weber’ s law of the sense of hearing The Weber’ s law has indicated the ear listens to the relation proportional to logarithm of the objective quantity of stimulus of subjective feeling amount of the sound. When the sound is minor, increase a sound of wave amplitude, the increasing amount of sound volume of subjective feeling of the ear is relatively big; When the sound intensity is relatively loud, increase identical sound of wave amplitude, the increase amount that the ear experiences sound volume subjectively is minor. According to the above-mentioned hearing characteristic of the ear, demand to adopt the exponential type potentiometer while designing the controlling circuit of sound volume as the fader, uniform rotation potentiometer, at the turning handle, sound volume is linear and increscent in this way. Ohm's law of sense of hearing Famous scientist ohm has found Ohm's law in electricity, he also found Ohm's law on the sense of hearing of ear at the same time, this law is announced: The sense of hearing of the ear only relates to frequency and intensity of every component tone in the sound, and the phase place with every component tone has nothing to do. According to this law, needn't consider the phase relation of every component tone in the complicated sound in control of course such as the record, playback in the sound system. The ear is a frequency analyser, can separate every partials in the Poly, resolution sensitivity to the frequency of the ear is very high, the ear is higher than the definition of eyes on this, the human eye can't find out various colorama weight in the white light. Masking effect The hearing to a certain sound of person who will make hearing of other sounds in the environment is reduced, this is called it and sheltered. When the intensity of a sound is far than another high volume of sound, these two sounds coexist for being loud to certain extent, the sound that people can only sound exist, and aware less than another voice exist. The sheltering amount, with sheltering acoustic sound pressure relevantly, shelter the acoustic sound pressure level to increase, thereupon increase of the sheltering amount. In addition, low frequency is acoustic to shelter the range and greater than sheltering the range high-frequencily. Characteristic of this sense of hearing of the ear gives and designs reducing the noise circuit to offer and inspire importantly. In the tape is played, there is such hearing that is realized, when the music program is in continuous change and the sound is louder, we will not hear the background noise of the tape, can act as the music program to finish (the leader tape) When, can feel the " whistlesing of the tape ......" The noise exists. In order to reduce the impact on program sound of the noise, has proposed the signal to noise ratio (SN) Concept,namely more sufficient than noise density large when lasting signal intensity,in this way will think hearing by existences noisy. Some noise reduction systems utilize the principle of the masking effect to be designed in. Binaural effect The basic principle of the binaural effect is like this: If just in the front of the person who comes from hearing of the sound, because the sound source is equal to the distance between Left deviation, right ear at this moment, thus acoustic wave reach Left deviation, mistiming of right ear ' Phase difference) , the sound colour difference is zero, experience just in the front of the person who comes from hearing of the sound out at this moment, but not some one side of deflection. The power asynchronism of the sound, can experience the distance between the persons who appears sound source and hearing. Haas effect Haas' test certificate: When two the intersection of sound source and at the same time, according to one sound source and another time delay quantity asynchronism of sound source, ears feeling of hearing different, can divide into, come, prove by the following three situation: 1,The time delay amount of a sound source and another sound source in two pieces of sound source is within 5-35ms, it seems that two pieces of sound source unite two into one, hearing person can only feel existence and direction of the ultra former sound source, existence of another imperceptible sound source. 2,Another sound source 30-50ms, can already feel the existence of two pieces of sound source when a sound source prolonged, but the direction is still made from the guide. 3,Quantity is loud when another sound source is 50ms when a sound source prolongs, can feel the coexistence of two pieces of sound source, the direction is confirmed, as sharp echo by each sound source, lag behind. Lloyd's' effect Lloyd's' effect is a psychoacoustics effect of a kind of stereosound range. Lloyd's' effect is announced: Inversely add the signal after delaying in the direct signal and then, will produce a kind of obvious space sense, the sound seems to come from all directions, hearing person seems to place oneself in the midst of the band. Germany • The wave is one angstrom of effects Germany • One angstrom of effects of wave is another directional foundation of the stereo sound system. Germany • The experiment of one angstrom of effects of wave is: Put an acoustic enclosure of Left deviation, R channel, hearing person's hearing on a audio amplifier symmetric line, feed to different signals for an acoustic enclosure, can get the following several final conclusion: 1,If feed to the identical signal, namely intensity differential Δ L for an acoustic enclosure =0,Δ t of mistiming =0,Only feel a sound at this moment, and come from the symmetric line of an acoustic enclosure. 2,If the intensity differential Δ L of an acoustic enclosure is not 0, hearing will feel a relatively loud acoustic enclosure of sound deflection at this moment, if differential Δ L is greater than and equal to 15dB, will feel the intensity the sound will totally come from that louder acoustic enclosure at this moment. 3,If intensity differential Δ L =0,But mistiming Δ t of an acoustic enclosure is not 0, feel the sound moves in that audio amplifier direction that is reached first at this moment. If mistiming Δ t is great while equalling 3ms, feel the sound will totally come from that audio amplifier direction that will reach first. Hole effect of the spoon The recording and playbacking system of the monophonic uses a microphone recording, the signal is recorded on an orbit, use the amplifiers of No. one and a loudspeaker while playing, so the sound source replayed is a point sound source, listen to the room inner symphony through the overdoor spoon hole like hearing person, this is the so-called spoon hole effect. Effect of the bathroom Experience one personally occasionally to on the bathroom in person, the sound that emits in the bathroom, reverberation time overlength and excessive, this kind of phenomenon is called the effect of the bathroom in the technical tone quality of the electroacoustics is described. When some segment of low, intermediate frequency is overstated, it is uneven that there are resonance, frequency response, 300Hz promotes excessively, will appear on the effect of the bathroom. Doppler effect The Doppler effect announces that moves the relevant hearing characteristics of the sound: When there is relative motion between acoustic source and hearing personning, its tone of sound that will feel a certain frequency confirmed has changed, it is a slightly high tone of the frequency when close to hearing person in sound source, it is a tone that the frequency reduces slightly when the sound source leaves away. The variable quantity of this frequency is called Doppler shift. Sound source it is which move near from hearing too from when intensity produced comparing with the time of moving large, and the intensity of emerging in sound source removed should be a bit smaller, usually the sound source is centralized in the travel direction. Li Kai tests Li Kai's test certificate: When the phase places of two pieces of sound source are opposite, the audiovideo can be gone beyond beyond two pieces of sound source, behind even jumping to hearing. Li Kai's test still briefs on, so long as control two acoustic sources (Left deviation, R channel loudspeaker) appropriately Intensity, phase place,can last one piece broad in the ranges (angle, depth) Audiovideo travelling field. http://www.guangdongdz.com/special_column/techarticle/20085/3011261592744.html

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The digital technique is added and held Telediagnosis is close to the personal demand

Preface: It needn't face a doctor and feel frightened again to see the doctor at home, with the digital scientific and technological gradual progress, the medical industry begins to adopt the digital products in succession, as the subtense angle, control from RFID, surf the Net with broadband, the long-range Wait, use on the medical behavior extensively The identification system of RFID wireless radio frequency, have already been used in entrance guard's controlling, management of car parking, animal's chip, library and manage, visit the card leisurely Wait for application, nowadays use in medical treatment, very general too, can manage medicines to flow into in the chemist's shop digitally, avoid the fault of making up a prescription, the medical personnel also begins to wear RFID and discern the card, utilize RFID to control and manage medical entrance guards of personnel, prevent unrelated personnel from pass in and out, medicines take the authority manage, already enter digitized era in an all-round way. RFID controls the edge toll long-rangely The hospital uses the disease hand-ring at present, replace the traditional plastic hand-ring, disease is entered / exported and set up RFID entrance guard to control, especially the track of the Intensive ward patient is controlled, emergency call ward entrance guard, can all manage the long-range with RFID. In addition, mainly employ and guard when the remote of supporting centre and serious disease disease has been real at present, wear RFID purpose-built hand-ring, can transmit patient's real-time body temperature directly, makes the medical personnel easy to be long-range and controls in disease. It is many at present large-scale last PDA as assistors medical already hospital,PDA is can interpretation and terminal machine that be input, wear RFID hand-ring when admitted to hospital in disease, if there is having an operation promptly, or blood transfusion in disease, so long as doctor handheld PDA, reaction that can be wireless, are authorized, avoid making by mistake one one hundred sheets of situations takes place. In addition, PDA is that the doctor links the action browser of the hospital database too, every doctor reads and examines recording, inquires about the survey report of disease, can all make use of PDA built-in Wi-Fi or GPRS to convey and download the information of the latest case history. Already there are over 70 hospitals in the whole Taiwan at present, introduce into PHS system, the urgent physical examination report of disease, utilize internal network or news in brief, can notify attending physician and disease at any time, especially patient to wait for sick bed, can in improve doctors and nurses in short time most. The medical treatment of action is the development center of every large hospital too, GPS satellite positioning, mobile phone are used on the new medical material in a large amount too, , in vivo, the medical personnel may make the heartbeat, breathes, blood sugar like American-European countries the intersection of RFID and the intersection of chip and the intersection of implantation and disease in real time already Wait for physiological data, see through long-distance transmission, doctor can the long-range controls patient's present situation, propose medical treatment. The long-range is looked after Hit out voluntarily In addition another 1 ' long-range look after the system ', the medical personnel can utilize PC or notebook computer, collocate pantoscopic camera or PDA and intelligent Mobile, on-line with remote, go on the health SOAP, serve to disease, this belongs to ' the digital medical center ' (Digital Hospital Center) Concept, let the past medical institutes, can only reach look after unit, go on, check for disease regularly, change into that carries on the physical examination in real time voluntarily. The medical treatment of long-range utilizes image communication to combine computer and communication apparatus in the American-European various countries, let remote or medical materials, remote area of disease, can reach medical personnel, referral centre of end, another in the hand immediately, and answer the relevant medical question in real time, or convey the real-time picture with the image, except that can master the condition fast, save the hospitalization cost at the same time, reach the result of making a diagnosis in early days. The acquisition cost of the long-range medical equipment has maximal disparity, it is sent outside that it is said in the medical equipment divisor, must also discuss the condition with attending physician or disease, may use image, supersonic wave, introscope, tomoscan and X-ray photograph that disease check at the same time Wait for the materials. When the general medical work station delivers data to the remote equipment, because must see through the image the scanner, convey to the referral centre, its apparatus has grades that is divided too in accordance with the requirement. Transmission line respect, what the long-range infirmary used is T1 individual line, so enjoy the favourable communication rate. So, disease that will need holding a consultation is sent to the consultation center directly, and then the unit gets in touch with transferring from one hospital to another, offer diagnosing to propose, this belongs to the all-weather medical consultant service for 24 hours; Or select special clinic, have the fixed interval of time to limit. The medical treatment of long-range relies mainly on holding a consultation, consulting at present. In cases training doctor generally lack in the remote area, utilize medical treatment of long-range, let large the intersection of hospital and doctor offer, diagnose, propose, have the intersection of front and help on promoting medical quality. Though the communication cost is too high, while meeting the emergency relief, it can lower disease and send probability outside, and transport the time cost. All medical institutes of China adopt each group, so if medical institutes should support the medical treatment of long-range alternately, the technological integration of the communication will be to wait to overcome the question. The medical information exchange standard has DICOM medical images that is transmitted at present, and store the standard, exchange the standard with HL7 medical information characters, it contributes to the information system combination of every large hospital to set up the canonicalization of medical information, reduce the medical cost of the long-range. Long-range medical treatment & health monitoring system (Electronic HouseCall System; EHC) ,Rely mainly on management of health care, and with Internet's link. This system is divided into 3 parts: Include disease end use and speciality make a diagnosis unit use and by that telecommunication link up case history central processing system. Illustrate: Long-range medical treatment & health monitoring system (Electronic HouseCall System; EHC) . (Data source: Cyber-Care) It is a personal touching activated computer of video-information multimedia to carry the required apparatus in disease; The unit has to make a diagnosis in speciality a personal computer and specialized software, so that the medical personnel diagnoses disease online. It is oxygen-bearing that this supervising system not merely can measure weight, body temperature, blood pressure, blood, pulse, blood sugar Wait, can carry on online auscultation with the professional medical group directly. Including ecg, vital capacity and foetus' heartbeat monitor Wait for the function. The figure is combined with collateral channels In addition, the health tester appearance of collateral channels, like one PDA, it can read the collateral channels energy of human point, the on-line, transmit data of and then surfing the Net, and relatively check in more than 1 million data on the net, download the comparison result and then, check each time so long as the report make immediately in 5 minutes. Another 1 all sorts of the intersection of Russian and the intersection of era and ARDK long-range diagnostic system which the astronaut used, use by large-scale medical organization gradually at present, it can read data fetch accurately, helps the doctor to diagnose the condition correctly. What is called ARDK long-range diagnostic system, the health detect system of the astronaut researched and developed by 1960 times Russian central academies of sciences of the Soviet Union. Because general X-rays, supersonic wave are examined and is not suitable for the null-gravity state of outer space, so the system can the intersection of astronaut and the intersection of gas and blood circulation, hemanalysis on one's body Wait for the materials to pass the earth back. The global advanced national large-scale medical organizations have all already adopted at present, the western medical circle finds, this set of angry blood circulation diagnostic systems of human body of the Soviet Union, happen to coincide with collateral channels medical science of China. As networking of broadband being complete gradually, make the long-range monitor data transmission to develop to usable personal computer, PDA and mobile phone too Wait for the apparatus transmitted information of the personal communication, and further use in combination with 3G mobile, so that the function is expanded. Moreover, the electron of Philip researches and develops the long-range sound control medical equipment, is suitable for needing a large number of to use the manually-operated aseptic medical environment. The the intersection of sound control and system to call HIH, offer another 1 work method to clinical medical personnel, when it diagnose,stylet or last operation at even more can do in an expert way. Philip's electronic HIH technology, the medical employees who will have leisure for the dual tactics, bring the practical benefit immediately. As WiMAX launches, let medical treatment combine communication, state and doctor's professional knowledge of making disease go to a doctor, it can cross over space-time to limit and consult about telediagnosis, especially first aid disease on the ambulance, see through WiMAX at any time by ambulance and hospital emergency call centre on-line, no matter when it will be ambulance reach the hospital, or disease present situation, convey to attending physician's computer through WiMAX video-information lens, rescue personnel that let on the ambulance, offer the emergency measure instruction. Should realize the medical treatment of long-range, the indoor will possess the apparatus of fundamental self- detection at home, and the apparatus must cooperate with hospital, carry on medical data analysis through being on-line. Health Master in real time The basic medical treatment that the owner offers is looked after at present, offer 6 hard wares basically measured oneself for family's family: Sphygmomanometer, blood sugar count and overshoot feel elated and exultant rate-of-flow indicator, electrocardiograph, the intersection of ear and warm rifle and weight machine Wait, and then connect these apparatuses to host computer and video screen with the transmission line, build and gauge and record the software in advance, can record various of family's and gauge data, and the personal one has gauged the record for many years, appear by way of chart, let everybody treat the apparatus through family's Chinese medicine, even not go to the hospital, also can grasp the body present situation at any time. Illustrate: Operational procedure consulted about in medical treatment of long-range. (HIPPO) Measuring the apparatus besides gauging and recording briefly oneself, the owner cooperates with teaching hospital, set up long-range, look after referral centre for household, through network being on-line to upload individuals and find the inner health records of apparatus oneself, do not need to go out and can finish measuring at home regularly easily. Before the household begins to use the long-range to look after, must carry on the health examination of whole body to the teaching hospital first, such hospital could really know the metric magnitude of error of the instrument, let home be measured and recorded the faithful response. Measure the apparatus function oneself, the host computer of the computer in fact, the data recording the health checkout equipment are stored, the household can choose needing the user of the medical care of long-range in the family, let the data further upload to the teaching hospital, carry on the intact case history record; Need, upload machine format family while being other, can through find the apparatus, record own gauging result oneself too. http://tech.digitimes.com.tw/ShowNews.aspx? zCatId =A2%ce%b9&zNotesDocId =0000094633_BLZ37H7G4M21LEQ4Z8JK0

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Insult and specially introduce DC/DC converter LTC3450

Insult the special company to direct against the small-scale thin-film transistor (TFT) a few days ago Liquid crystal display (LCD) Introduce an intact power converter solution - -LTC3450. LTC3450 is inputting the voltage and working between 4.6V, makes it can adopt multinode and alkaline or nickel-hydrogen battery and monomeric lithium battery. It can produce TFT-LCD all required voltage: 5 on it require AVDD. there aren't xV, VGL - 5.10 x V.15 xV.xV, 10 requiring at VGH.xV or 15.xV. LTC3450 can offer and reach 10mA electric current high for AVDD, and offer 500uA electric current for VGL and VGH. Because the main boost converter adopts and commutates the overall arrangement synchronously, LTC3450 can exceed 90% to output efficiency on in one. The quiescent current is only 75uA, can make the battery life-span reach longest, QFN of its 3mm x 3mm x 0.75mm capsulates and guarantees the miniature tabular appearance at the same time.