i got a like and a reblog so let's do this
as i said before, vaccines work by tricking the immune system into thinking it got infected so that your adaptive immunity can protect you in the future
there are a bunch of different kinds of vaccines: attenuated, inactivated, replicating viral vector, nonreplicating viral vector, RNA, DNA, virus-like, and protein subunit
attenuated means the virus in the vaccine is weakened. this is the oldest type of "vaccination" dating back to china in the fifteenth century. what they did back then was that they got scabs from people who had smallpox and you either snorted it or you put it in an open wound. it very risky but better than getting smallpox naturally and it was in 1769 that edward jenner popularised a method where you infected people with cowpox which made them immune to smallpox. today what we do is grow viruses in nonhuman primate cell cultures and just hope they mutate enough to be harmless to humans. and this kind does have a chance of infecting you but its better than getting infected naturally.
inactivated means we've killed the virus so it cannot replicate. this is safe, much much safer that attenuated. but it can still infect people. still better than nothing.
replicating viral factor means you put the genetic material that creates the protein shell into another virus that's harmless to humans. it will replicate and won't infect you.
nonreplicating viral factor is the same thing as replicating viral factor but the virus cannot replicate.
RNA vaccines are the hot new shit. so you get the mRNA of the virus that codes for the protein shell, inject that, and have your cells make it. your immune cells don't know what it is and bam you have immunity. its so cool and is 100% safe because while reverse transcription is a thing, your body doesn't really have the means to do reverse transcription because primers are very specific to organisms.
DNA vaccines are basically the same as the RNA ones except the cells need to go through the process of converting it into mRNA. perfectly safe.
virus-like vaccines means its just the protein shell with no DNA or RNA inside. no chance of infection or replication.
protein subunits means its just the little spikes on viruses which is what your immune system detects anyway. incredibly safe.
yes the attenuated and inactivated ones can still infect people but having been super damaged either through mutations or attempted murder, the infection is mild. it still causes an epidemic if just one person gets infected because for diseases that these kinds if vaccines are made with, usually no one has the disease anymore.
tl;dr vaccines are safe. you can ask me questions if you have any.
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