(This post is an excerpt from Maim Your Characters: How Injuries Work in Fiction.)
First off, let me be clear about what I mean when I say the word scars. Iâm not talking about the medical definition: rough tissue that overlies a wound as it heals over time.
Iâm using a broader definition of any physical evidence of a previous injury.
That can be the amputated hand, the limp from a spinal cord injury.
It can also include tattoos. (Mauiâs moving tattoos in Moana are a perfect example of this: his tattoos are a physical embodiment of where heâs been.)
Scars, by this broad definition, are an interesting shorthand for a story, whether we actually see that tale or not. We use them as a way to say thereâs a story here. Sometimes our global story gives us the chance to tell it, sometimes not; either way, scars can be an interesting way to add depth to a character.
In fact, sometimes a scar is integral to explaining and understanding who that character is.
For example, we know that Peter Panâs Captain Hook has been involved in some fierce battles, because he lost his hand â and had it replaced with his legendary pirate hook. That hook is a symbol of the cold cruelty he now gives off.
The eponymous Harry Potter wouldnât truly be Harry without his lightning-bolt forehead scar. For Harry, itâs not just about his past, itâs about his future: his fate and the fate of the scar-giver are intertwined, a battle that will determine the fate of the world. Worse, itâs all inscribed on his forehead, for everyone to see.
Darth Vaderâs scars in Star Wars are extensive, so much so that they shroud his identity completely. While we see the faces of the heroes, and even of Emperor Palpatine himself, Vaderâs wounds require a respirator mask that obscures his face and makes him the terrifying villain he is. Heâs actually turned the support system he needs to stay alive â a depersonalizing suit and respirator â into something useful, a mask to terrify his enemies. Vaderâs life is, in some ways, enhanced by his disability, and heâs certainly comfortable moving in his world with the scars heâs got.
In Moana, the demigod Mauiâs scars are branded on him as tattoos. These are the stories of who heâs been and where he goes. When hero-protagonist Moana asks him where they come from, he tells her, âThey show up when I earn them.â
This isnât dissimilar to the battle scars on an old soldier, sailor, or mercenary: their wounds are manifested on their flesh.
But if scars are shorthand for a story, if theyâre someoneâs past writ large, we need to honor that character in the way we represent them. If we elect to give a character scars, they should represent not a plot but a story, something that not only wounds the character but drives them to change internally.
As an example, Iâm going to tell you the story of two of my personal scars. At the end weâll discuss which one would go into a story about me, and why.
Scar #1: The Knife Point. When I was six or seven, I was trying to get some corn off the cob â I wanted to eat it in kernel form for some reason, and I was using a kitchen knife. I got the corn off all right â and drove the point of the knife straight into the webbing between my thumb and forefinger on my left hand. Ouch!
(Actually, it didnât hurt, it was the sheer volume of blood that was terrifying).
I changed in that I learned not to do that specific task (cutting corn off the cob) that specific way (driving the knife toward my hand).
But itâs not a marker of who I am.
Scar #2: The Bite Mark. Letâs consider another scar, also on my left hand. Thereâs an old bite mark by the heel of my hand, at the base of my left thumb.
It happened like this: I was fifteen or so, and my neighborâs dog, Clancy, wasnât doing well. He was old and he was sick. That day he had become too sick to get up. It was time for my neighbor to take him to the vet and say goodbye.
She had him on a blanket. But he was a big dog, and the vet was far, and she didnât have a car, and so our neighbor came to ask me and my mom to help get him to the vet. Of course we said yes. We liked her, but more importantly, we loved animals. (Both my mother and I had worked at the vet at one point or another.)
When we went to move him by picking up the blanket and moving him to the car, Clancy reached out and bit me. Not because he was a bad dog, not because he was out to hurt me. He bit me because he was scared and sick and hurt and he didnât know what to do.
I didnât feel anger at Clancy, and I didnât turn afraid of him. I felt sympathy. His act hurt my skin. His pain broke my heart.
So when we got him to the vet, while they were easing his pain and saying goodbye, I calmly and quietly washed my wound in the sink with an antiseptic.
I learned something about myself in that moment.
I learned that healing really is a calling for me. That I was glad we had cared for him and that I was able to help him on his final journey. I was glad to know Clancy. I wasnât mad, or hurt, even though my hand stung from the antiseptic.
That scar helped me find my internal true north.
Now, which of those scars has meaning? Which of them would you want to include if you were writing me as a character? Which do you think would make it into a memoir, if I wrote one? Itâs most certainly the second, the one that helped me figure out who I am, the one that drove me to learn about myself. The first is something that happened; the second is something that changed me.
Itâs stories like these that you should use in order to figure out who your characters are â and how to honor them.
Tattoos are interesting in that they can be another, more interesting set of shorthand. Unless your character has a Maui-like situation going on, her tattoos wonât simply appear. Sheâll not only have to choose what story she wants to represent on her flesh, but sheâll have to choose how to express that story in an image. Then comes the pain of the ritual scarification: the injection of ink under the skin, a microbaptism in pain and blood and pigment.
Tattoos are absolutely fascinating. Because they donât typically connect to physical wounds so much as to emotional ones, theyâre a really great piece of shorthand for getting into the depths of who someone truly is.
My own tattoos are direct messages to myself about how I should live in the world. Theyâre an easily visible piece of guidance that explores what my role is and should be in the world.
Of course, not all tattoos have this deeper meaning. People choose to tattoo things on themselves for a hundred different reasons, the aesthetics of the design being one of them. Some tattoos are simply trendy. Iâm not here to judge anyoneâs ink!
But if youâre going to cover a character in tattoos, consider having each of them explore a deeper facet of that characterâs personality and the journey theyâve been on.
How to Use Scars Effectively
As we said above, scars are a shorthand for a story. Prominent scars, particular facial or obvious hand scars, are a constant source of tension and questions. When someone has a big scar on their face, we find our eyes drawn to it, a question forming on our tongue: What happened?
But the What happened? isnât as important as How did it change you? And so my general recommendation with scars is twofold and contradictory:
One: only introduce scars if itâs an incredibly important part of a characterâs past.
Two: only introduce scars if itâs an incredibly important part of a characterâs future.
So why the two recommendations? Why the contradiction?
Characters are constantly moving, if not in space, then through time. Their scars shape their past, which shapes where they are now and where theyâre going.
If a scar is germane to a characterâs past, it helps establish where theyâre coming from and what their experiences have been.
But those experiences are only important if that scar-causing event is relevant to their future.
The scar a sea captain got fending off pirates once upon a time doesnât have much to add if his current quest is finding new plumbing for his house. His scar isnât relevant, unless it intimidates the shady plumber into giving him a better price. Even then, itâs a shallow connection.
Consider the old injury (and its scar) to be a cause.
Ask: what was the effect? If your character got a scar on their eyebrow from a bike accident when she was seven, that scar doesnât mean anything⌠unless that was the bike accident where she failed to protect and save her kid brother, which makes her overprotective and hypercautious now.
If she crashed her bike as a kid and merely went on with her life⌠what was the point? Why tell that story with a scar so visible?
Remember that the point of a story is that people change. If a scar doesnât fundamentally shape a character, consider simply leaving it out. Window dressing is just that: window dressing.
What we want is to give more insight into who your character is.
Avoiding Wandering Scar Syndrome
Wandering Scar Syndrome is when a characterâs scar is on their left eye on Page 3 and their right cheek on Page 12. Itâs simply a symptom of not taking good notes.
There are two techniques Iâm going to suggest here.
The first is, keep character sheets. Many writers choose to do this, many do not. But especially if youâre going to wallpaper your character with scars and tattoos, itâs worth writing down where they are and what they look like. In fact, copy/pasting the way they were originally described into a separate document is particularly helpful in being sure your descriptions stay consistent throughout the story. Itâs a pain in the butt for a moment, but it helps so much with consistency down the line!
Another option is to use [brackets] as an aside.
Letâs say you talk about a minor character in two different places in the story, chapters â even acts apart.
Kitty Scarborough was the best fighter in town, and she bore the scars to prove it. [Kitty Scar Description â line on her face?] Or, [scar TK]
TK is the editorâs mark for To Come, a placeholder of sorts, and itâs useful for all kinds of things: Name TK, Dog Breed TK, Red sports car [make/model TK], etc. (Once upon a time, this book was littered with TKs .)
Later, we can pull it back up: A tall redhead walked through the door. Kitty Scarborough was easy to recognize, especially by her [Kitty Scar Description].
Why does this work? Why is this helpful?
Because it allows us to maintain flow as a writer. If we know Kittyâs got scars from fighting, we can come up with what exactly those look like later. (Weâre using them as evidence of her toughness and battle prowess, not for a particular meaning behind each individual scar sheâs got.) So when we describe Kitty, we donât need to spend ten minutes racking our brain for a cool scar to give her â we can do that later. All we need to drop into our first draft is [Kitty scar] and we can move on!
This works for all sorts of details, from car models to hair colors to background charactersâ names, so donât think itâs just a scar locater!
Later on we can come back, look through our manuscript with the magical Find tool, and simply search for that left bracket, [ . Anything that comes up can be filled in with your text!
Want a good scar generator, including ideas for how it shaped the character? Visit MaimYourCharacters.com/Scars !
This post is an excerpt from Maim Your Characters, from Even Keel Press. If youâd like to read a 100-page sample of the book, [click here]. If youâd like to order a print copy, itâs available [via Amazon.com], and digital copies are available from [a slew of retailers].
