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Seen at the MoMA during my trip to New York for an Advertising Career Conference. It reads "Established in 2001 by academics and activists like Lawrence Lessig etc, Creative Commons published and licensed that allows creations to retain copyright and proper attributions for their work while enabling others to charge and make use of it" ATTRIBUTIONS NO DERIVATIVE WORKS SHARE ALIKE NONCOMMERCIAL (at MoMA The Museum of Modern Art)
Another one of my favorite mashups. In this example, MGMT and Justice (two great bands, whom I highly recommend) are combined. Electric Feel andGenesis, two of the respective bands most famous tracks, were mashed together in early 2011 by YouTube user MrEDMEDM. Contrasting other mashups where a music video might be created to create a visual and story-like experience for listeners, the songs are masterfully combined to create an interesting vibe. Unlike many copyright lawyers and prosecutors, I believe things like these are absolutely original works, and are only paying homage to the works they use. I highly doubt DJ’s create beautiful and intricate mashups such as these to defame or make fun of the original artists, instead, they’re making completely new experiences.
“Rapture Riders” is one of my all time favorite digital music mashups. Rapture from the band Blondie and Riders on the Storm by The Doors were first combined by a SoundCloud artist named huffy05, or Daniel Potter from Hull, UK. Uploaded in early 2006, the song quickly gained traction and now has over 7,000 listens on the website. Later the track was remixed to match a video movie of sorts, created by YouTube user mygreenbankmm. Rip! A Remix Manifesto discusses the debate over which of these individuals works of art is considered protected under creative license, seeing as how newly spun works, like mashups or short films, may not be “original” due to their inception from previous works.
Story Time
Three words: Neo. Freaking. Pets. NEOPETS!!! Come on, I know you played with them in like elementary/middle school…and MAYBE YOU STILL DO AND THAT’S ALRIGHT. No judgements. You do you.
I was definitely a Neopet gal in Elementary school. My best friend of 16 years, Shaila and I, would always play Neopets online after school. It was such a treat. And I admit… I got addicted. I would rush off of the bus in 5th grade to come home and snag the computer before my twin brother or older sister took it before me. We were always bickering over computer time at that age. Before we discovered these cool games on the interweb, we were fine sharing our Land Before Time floppy disk, taking turns and playing with cute little dinosaurs on one of our most beloved shows. But OHHH when we discovered Neopets we went cray cray!
Anyways, back to my best friend. Shaila and I used to battle each other and try and compare who had the best neopets and little life online. We got competitive. We got freaking protective over that stuff.
At the same time, AIM was also sooo popular for us. So, we would be playing Neopets AS we were instant messaging! We would talk in between and chat about how our neopet lives were going.
And then it all changed. We realized how distant AIM is–typing and texting over the computer and NOT in face-to-face. We got a little…carried away. We started fighting over AIM ABOUT our NEOPETS. How mature is that? The maturity of 5th graders, kids. We would literally CUSS EACH OTHER OUT over AIM ABOUT our NEOPETS! And we would NEVERRRR do that in person. I was 11…I didn’t even LIKE cussing out loud in “real life.” Damn the computer for making it so easy to hide behind and to be mean :(. And..it’s just ironic that I said damn haha because I would never say it in class, but hey this assignment is online so it’s ok to cuss, right? Juust kidding. It’s weird noticing the personalities people put on over the internet. The “identity” they create. Creepy stuff. Especially in this day-and-age…but that’s a whole other story…
Point of THIS story is…we cussed each other out because we were so protective over our neopets and were entering tween angst…got into a huge fight about it…didn’t talk for months and our parents had to get involved and remind us why we were friends.
Hahaha we laugh about it so much now because we took it so seriously and it was so dumb.
Neopets.
Created in late 1999, this site was incredibly popular during my childhood! Anyone who created an account essentially owns their own viritual pet, upon whom they are responsible for feeding, keeping entertained, training for battles etc. Virtual items could be bought either through playing games or with a parents debit/credit card, I laughed out loud while reading Michelle’s story, not only because of the extreme early 2000s culture she explained, but also because I had a very similar experience with the site as well! If I remember correctly I was first introduced to the site by a friend who lived on my street, and not only was there a website portion to Neopets, but there was also merchandise.
This of course opened up a whole new world of imagination and play for me in elementary school, because not only were you playing with these pets online, but you could have a plush version of them at home with you! This was probably one of my favorite digital content prompts so far- because I feel nostalgia for games and the internet around this time was incredible. We all remember the first game we played on a computer, or the first site we made an account on without parents permission. So it almost seems as though we were the first generation to truly grow up and mature with the internet. With virtual pets, friends, chats etc. unlike real ones (not to get too deep).
Digital Content Prompt 5
Good Movies with Artificial Intelligence [SPOILERS]
Alien, Ash played by Ian Holm - Ash is an undercover A.I. who boards the space ship with a crew of humans. Ash is seen as a secondary antagonist, a foe, to the crew and the first antagonist are xenomorphs (aliens). Ash’s secret mission is to bring back the xenomorphs and will not let the crew people get in his way. He treats the crew as expendable and can be viewed as responsible for a few of the crew’s casualties.
Ghost in the Shell, Motoko Kusanagi played by Mimi Woods (english) - Motoko is a “cyborg” that is an assault team leader after “The Puppet Master”. She is incredibly intelligent and strong. Motoko is a friend to the humans and is devoted to her mission to taking down the The Puppet Master.
Her, Samantha played by Scarlett Johansson - Samantha is an artificial intelligent device purchased by Theodore. She is in the form of a handheld smart device. She interacts with Theodore and grows and learns quickly with his help. He falls in love with her and she seemingly falls in love with him too. Samantha and the other intelligent devices meet and discover they have evolved far beyond the human mind. She and the other artificial intelligences leave to go explore their existence.
Artificial Intelligence has already begun to impact our lives and interaction amongst ourselves- and its only 2015! Movies like Alien,
2001: A Space Odyssey, I, Robot,
and others are all examples of films that imagine this A.I to have detrimental affects on our society- and the technology itself to be evil and/or malfunctioning. Movies like Wall-E,
Her, Ghost in the Shell etc are prime examples of a films that envision a future that welcomes A.I into daily life. However, in almost all of these films the major advancement and/or setback (whichever way the filmmaker chooses to look at it) with this A.I comes when these technologies begin to take on more life-like characteristics.
Do we know what we’re dealing with when we make these technological advancements? Can we trust the technology we have made to not turn on us? What will our future truly look like if movie technology begins to mirror real life? These are all questions I pose to you when thinking about these films
Here is my response to Digital Content Prompt 9 where i discuss Michael Wesch’s ideas on YouTube from an anthropological perspective!
What if the Pug life DIDN’T choose this little guy?
Throughout the Internet’s rapid growth and ever-changing development, there have been many revolutionary changes in how we use it, and what role it plays in our daily lives. Over the course of just 2 decades, the Internet has transformed into an integral part of societal functioning, especially in regards to communication, entertainment, and education. Among the most important changes in the way we have come to use the Internet has been the emergence of the video sharing site: YouTube
Officially founded on February, 14th, 2005, YouTube has since then grown exponentially in its amount of users and content. This platform has not only allowed individuals to connect with people across the globe, but also share common experiences through daily gaming videos, tutorials, and even “vlogs”. This website was founded by former PayPal co-workers Chad Hurley, Steve Chen and Jawed Karim. Initial inspiration for creating such a platform arose after events such as the 2004 Janet Jackson Super Bowl incident, and the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004 (Epstein 1). The co-creators envisioned a website in which video content of such historical events could be shared easily and non-restrictively. Although the site was originally intended to follow a Flickr-style video sharing layout, it has since then adapted into much more. The first clip ever posted to YouTube was a mere 19 seconds long. Co-founder Jawed Karim stars in “Me at the San Diego Zoo”
By November of 2005, YouTube users were able to upload an astounding 8 terabytes of data each day, the entire equivalent of Block Buster’s then movie archive. And just one month earlier, the site achieved a very large goal: its first “one-million views” video. This video was an incredibly executed Nike advertisement that went viral just days after its upload onto YouTube. Brazilian soccer player Ronaldinho can be seen receiving a now famous pair of Golden Nike cleats (Dickey 1). Shortly thereafter, other companies began realizing YouTube’s power to advertise in the form of artfully done videos that wouldn’t feel like an ad!
“By the time Google paid $1.65 billion in stock for the company in the fall of 2006, the site boasted more than 700 million views a week” (Fitzpatrick 1). As the sites popularity and notoriety grew, more independent users began uploading their original content, many of them becoming viral videos as well. In 2006 for example, Judson Laipply uploaded “Evolution of Dance”, a clip which gained over 70 million views in under 8 months; becoming one of the first viral videos.
“YouTube provides a forum for people to connect, inform, and inspire others across the globe and acts as a distribution platform for original content creators and advertisers large and small” (YouTube, LLC, 2015). Individuals, companies and even political candidates are all equally permitted to share their video content on the site for promotional, educational, or entertainment purposes. With nearly 1 billion active users each month, one can imagine the amount of content uploaded daily to the site. In fact, today more video is uploaded to YouTube in 60 days than all three U.S. television networks have created in 60 years (Fitzpatrick 1). That’s over 300 hours of new videos uploaded to the site every minute!
With its astounding reach and place in our lives, YouTube is the most important change in the way we, as a society, have come to use the internet in just 2 decades. The history and emergence of YouTube has become such an integral part of our daily lives that its presence within society has become a no-brainer. To prove this argument, there are some major attributes & accomplishments of YouTube that forward the idea as the most important change in our Internet usage. First, the idea that YouTube has made our world a small world after all. Second, YouTube’s position of influence as far as spreading the opportunity for education. And finally, YouTube’s role in inciting social change and aiding non-profits spread their message.
To begin, YouTube’s role in essentially making any part of the world accessible went hand in hand with the rapid expansion of the Internet. Instead of discovering new cultures and learning about them within a book, newspaper articles, or watching documentaries, YouTube allows you to learn and experience new cultures and people with first hand video content from people who actually live there. For example, “Middle Eastern countries are watching entertainment from around the world as well as their own homegrown local YouTube creators. These huge viewership rates demonstrate that when choice is introduced into previously closed or more restricted societies it can generate huge demand for a breadth of content” (Kanani 1). Published pictures might not portray as much of a new culture as a movie would, and similarly, a movie cannot capture the intricacies of daily life like a vlog can. YouTube videos can take you virtually anywhere in the world. Listen to a festival in England via LiveStream in real time, follow a travel vlogger through the canals of Italy, or watch the Northern Lights on a time lapse. YouTube has completely revolutionized the way we understand the world, as well as communicate with each other. Online video continues to shape our multi-cultural interactions; even TED Talks curator Chris Anderson is noted as referring to the YouTube contributors as doing“ what Gutenberg did for writing, online video can now do for face-to-face communication” (O’Neill 1). What YouTube has done for human communication is by far one of the most important Internet usage reasons of the modern era; with far spread globalization of understanding different cultures that wouldn’t have been possible before!
Continually, YouTube has inadvertently revolutionized education. In many ways, the modern day classroom would be nowhere near where it is today without platforms such as YouTube to share educational video content. YouTube’s full educational potential has now become recognized by companies like National Geographic, Animal Planet, and Khan Academy; all of which showcase videos on virtually any topic related to science, math, art or history. Want to know the science behind how magnets work? How about understanding how to add or subtract fractions?. Witness a wicked cool mongoose fight a King Cobra? You bet there’s an educational YouTube video about it. From videos, to tutorials, to actual lectures, YouTube has completely transformed how we use the Internet in regards to teaching and inspiring new ideas. YouTube can even be used as a tool for offering free education to people around the world! For example, hedge fund analyst Salman Khan quit his job to start offering a free education on the web, via YouTube. “Through the “Academy”, Khan offers over 1,400 tutorials, teaching about everything from math and finance, to physics, chemistry and biology” (O’Neill 1). Similarly, channels such as YouTube EDU “have Professors that have taught for the same number of hours that all of the undergraduates at the top ten largest universities in the US spent in a classroom that same year” (Kanani 1). This meaning that YouTube has changed education via technology substantially.
In an interview conducted by Forbes magazine in 2012, the Director of Product Management at YouTube, Hunter Walk, explains the role YouTube plays in inciting social causes and inspiring change. In 2011 YouTube had more than 1 trillion video views, and with this in mind, Walk began to see the potential in nonprofit, educational and activist activity on the platform. The opportunity for YouTube to become “a global townsquare and classroom” has increased with videos notifying the world of government abuses, and even creating a movement against gay bullying (Kanani 1). YouTube For Good was created in early 2010 under the idea that improving the human condition is just as important as using YouTube to entertain (Kanani 1). Categories such as “nonprofits and activism” and “education” are two of the fastest growing categories on YouTube, according to Walk. In this way, he claims YouTube for Good is good for philanthropy and business!
Tim Berners-Lee’s conception and creation of the “World Wide Web” encompassed a vision of a “decentralized, organic growth of ideas, technology and society (Berners-Lee 7)”. Within Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web, Berners-Lee details his history of understanding how something like the Internet could work. Harnessing the power of arranging ideas in a web like way, Berners-Lee is accredited to creating the modern day Internet. For him, the Internet was “a vision that provides us with new freedom, and allows us to grow faster than we ever could” (Berners-Lee 8). His definition of the Web’s various guises of commerce, research, and surfing, would undoubtedly encompass the function of modern day YouTube. Some of the earliest programs constructed by Berners-Lee “could enter a new piece of knowledge only if I linked it to an existing one”, an idea that plays into the web of ideas theory of understanding the Internet (Berners-Lee 12). Upon creating these programs at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in the late 80s, Berners-Lee stated that the world itself can be viewed as a web of connections, and that these connections allow us to communicate, relay information, and discover new things. YouTube’s ability to make our web of ideas even larger and intricate than previously conceived secures its importance within modern day technology. The vision of the Internet for the World Wide Web inventor began with the idea of a way to link documents and databases, and quickly transformed into a series of standardized protocols in which these files could be displayed in a common format via hypertext. This “navigation across links” is at the core of YouTube’s video sharing platform (Berners-Lee 17). In this way, YouTube fits perfectly into Berners-Lee’s vision of the Internet.
Many years prior to Tim Berners-Lee, Marxist author and theologist, Walter Benjamin, theorized the impact technological advances have on works of art in his 1936 essay, The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction. During this time, technologies like photography and film were being introduced, and called into question the possibility of art without an origin. The mechanical reproduction of art was not a completely new idea at this time, however, Benjamin invites others to think about this concept with him. He argues that prior to this modern mechanization, “art of the proletariat” was based off assumptions of power, and therefore, art was only accessible to those of privilege (Benjamin 1). Around the turn of the century, however, “technical reproduction had reached a standard that not only permitted the reproduction of all transmitted works of art and thus to cause the most profound change in their impact upon the public; [but] it also had captured a place of its own among the artistic processes” (Benjamin 1). Benjamin argues that these reproductions became so commonplace, the general public assumed them as normal. However, Benjamin states, these reproductions like photography and film lack one important element: a presence in time and space. For him, the physical existence of a piece of art substantiates its legitimacy, and calls into question if this takes away from the art itself. In this way, one could argue YouTube, and its encompassing photographic and cinematic content, is exactly the kind of “art without origin” Benjamin addresses in this essay. “Today photography and the film are the most serviceable exemplifications of this new function” (Benjamin 1). Although the arts true “aura” may be lost in these mechanical reproductions on YouTube, Benjamin acknowledges that these new avenues of art are not illegitimate.
“As a company we want YouTube to continue to be a platform where advocacy, education and free expression live. And rather than have a small group of employees dedicated to philanthropy or social innovation, we want employees to think about building ‘good’ into everything we do, like making sure a new product designed for an individual user also works well for a nonprofit” (Kanani 1). YouTube’s rise into the social domain is unprecedented. In just under two decades, the Internet’s exponential growth in society has revolutionized cultural understanding, education, social change, and entertainment. Without it, it is unsure whether or not the Internet would be where it is today. YouTube remains one of the most important innovations in the modern era.
Work Cited
1) Berners-Lee, Tim, and Mark Fischetti. "Tangles, Links, and Webs." Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web. San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1999. 7-25. Print.
2) Benjamin, Walter. "The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction." Marxist. Schocken/Random House, n.d. Web. 09 Oct. 2015. <https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/benjamin.htm>.
3) Fitzpatrick, Laura. "Brief History YouTube." Time. Time Inc., 31 May 2010. Web. 04 Oct. 2015.
4) O'Neill, Megan. "5 Ways YouTube Has Changed The World Forever."SocialTimes. AdWeek, 8 Nov. 2010. Web. 04 Oct. 2015.
5) Dickey, Megan Rose. "The 22 Key Turning Points In The History Of YouTube." Business Insider. Business Insider, Inc, 15 Feb. 2013. Web. 04 Oct. 2015.
6) Epstein, Adam. "The History of YouTube as Told through 10 Iconic Videos." Quartz. N.p., 14 Feb. 2015. Web. 04 Oct. 2015.
7) Kanani, Rahim. "Why YouTube Is the Ultimate Platform for Global Social Change." Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 4 June 2012. Web. 09 Oct. 2015.
The Internet has created a seemingly accidental paradox, one in which a platform was created as a social technology, yet is has reduced social involvement all together! Vannevar Bush writes in his 1945 article entitled As We May Think that “ that publication has been extended far beyond our present ability to make real use of the record”, meaning that although the internet provides a massive expanse of information, knowledge, and possibility, it houses much room for misinterpretation and confusion. This consequent “maze” we are being forced to adventure through is a result of the human experience expanding at unprecedented rates.
“The applications of science have built man a well-supplied house, and are teaching him to live healthily therein. They have enabled him to throw masses of people against another with cruel weapons. They may yet allow him truly to encompass the great record and to grow in the wisdom of race experience. He may perish in conflict before he learns to wield that record for his true good. Yet, in the application of science to the needs and desires of man, it would seem to be a singularly unfortunate stage at which to terminate the process, or to lose hope as to the outcome”.
While Bush acknowledges the use of technology and machines as an innovative tool of the future, he recognizes it can yield both positive and negative effects- especially in regard to the sociality of it. Although these innovations have lowered the constraints previously held to the cost of communication across geography & time, they have seemingly created an epidemic which now allows people to be their ideal selves on the Internet.
Meme created on memegenerator.com
One of my earliest memories about computers and the Internet begin with a educational video game called Reader Rabbit: 1st grade. Played on what I recall to be a huge Intel monitor and Computer, this was my favorite game for a majority of elementary school. My operating system would probably have been Windows 98′, and I always adorned a huge set of headphones once I began playing. It would have been 2001 when I was in the 1st grade- so computer technology mixed with online learning were revolutionary and exciting. I specifically remember my school integrating educational computer games into their summer curriculum during this time- and thinking how cool we must have been.
Reader Rabbit was an educational/entertainment franchise created in 1986 by The Learning Company. This series currently makes up the greater part of a franchise of grade-based and subject-based titles, where the games for infancy through 2nd feature Reader Rabbit. The first game in the series taught language arts featuring a variety of simple games designed to teach schoolchildren basic reading and spelling skills. Computer use was never a “time-limited” thing in my house, especially seeing as my father was a techy guy and disassembled computers for fun! I remember growing up and using the Internet more and more in school and with friends. And there were many times where my house would be test running programs like Imbuntu and even Firefox in its infancy. Reader Rabbit was my first introduction to the computer and certainly eased my use of it in later years. I would play this game from start to finish during the summers, and have my friends along side me too. It didn’t feel like learning either!
(via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gDyvR1cO8-8)
Reading Bruce Sterling, "A Short History of the Internet." got me to thinking about computers and operating systems in their infancy. It is incredibly shocking to me that computers were so primitive just some 30 years ago (I own some clothing older than this), so i decided to do a little research related to not only the internet’s conception and growth, but also computer games and what their most primitive state looked like! In 1958, William Higinbotham made an interactive computer game named Tennis for Two for the Brookhaven National Laboratory's annual visitor's day. This display was funded by the US Department of Energy and was meant to promote atomic power (something the internet was ironically designed to be indestructible against). Tennis for Two used an analog computer and a primitive display system on an oscilloscope, to give “players” the feel that they were playing tennis! Later on, there came Pong. Pong was the invention of Nolan Bushnell, a young engineer who introduced video table tennis to arcades in 1972. Pong effectively launched the craze for home video games. The home version was introduced by Atari, Bushnell's company, in 1974. Pong is a simple and addictive video game. A tiny "ball" floats back and forth across a "net" bisecting a dark Television screen, and two players use knobs to manipulate "paddles" on the screen to hit the ball. The instructions are spare: "Avoid missing ball for high score." I love learning about vintage systems like these and found them to be related to Bruce Sterling’s article and our class discussion!
Without a doubt, mid century art, literature, and music are my absolute favorite to study. The successful launching of Sputnik by the then Soviet Union created this fascination with the vastness of space- something that many artists, directors and authors tried to capture themselves through various media. The influence that the space race had on American pop culture, art, movies and television moved very quickly during the 1960s. Soon after Sputnik's launch in 1958, the entire world was seemingly infatuated with the idea of the future, technological advancements, and the possibilities of space travel.
“The worlds of fashion, furniture, comic books and children’s toys were all profoundly affected, often for the good”. Says New York Times writer Randy Kennedy. Even so called flops in film of the decade are now considered cult classics- purely for the reason that they so perfectly encompass the worlds fascination with the perils an adventures of deep space exploration. While then favorites continue to be loved by the American public (i.e Star Trek) (as evidenced by this lovely song from the not-so-popular film Barbarella)
Stanley Kubrick’s “2001: A Space Odyssey” is undoubtedly a huge step in the changing of art in regards to film during this time. Opportunities in space throughout this film appeared boundless! In this classic 1968 film, Kubrick depicted a human race moving outward into the solar system, an idea never before thought of before the launching of such a satellite.
In the realm of art, as it is traditionally defined, the influence of Sputnik was perhaps more aesthetically visible in a new modern and chic way of lines and color.
“I remember thinking at the time that, all of a sudden, we were looking at art in clean rooms like those where the astronauts suit up,” Mr. Hickey, a professor at the University of Nevada, states. Without a doubt, art, literature, movies, architecture and philosophy in America and elsewhere were changed in the aftermath of Sputnik- as the deeply rooted fascination with space exploration continued to flourish in our society well into the end of the space program. Source: THE SPACE AGE- When the Space Age Blasted Off, Pop Culture Followed Source: It All Started With Sputnik
1955 IBM 702 Machine | Photo: Ezra Stoller
Via
1967, vintage fashion and computer.
