Biking Development @bikingtech-blog - Tumblr Blog

Another Source

Pardi, Lisa A., et al. "The Effect of Bicycle Helmet Legislation on Pediatric Injury." Journal of Trauma Nursing 14.2 (2007): 84-7. ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source. Web. 8 Nov. 2012.

Prater, Richard E. "Bicycle Safety." Combat Edge 10.3 (2001): 22. Military & Government Collection. Web. 8 Nov. 2012.

More Sources

Rudi Volti. "Bicycle: The History (review)." Technology and Culture 46.3 (2005): 680-681. Project MUSE. Web. 8 Nov. 2012. http://muse.jhu.edu/.

"Expert considers Valley birthplace of bicycle." New Haven Register [New Haven, CT] 23 Nov. 2010. Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 7 Nov. 2012

More sources

Dorn, Paul. “Bike Commuting: A Better Way to Travel.” NY Times. New York, NY. 2012. Online.

Paul Dorn, an editor and researcher for the New York Times, helps write and edit articles about his experiences and facts of biking in the city. Dorn starts by giving examples of why he started commuting by bike, for example, high gas prices, expensive car payments, traffic, and many more. The most important reason for Dorn was the fact that he was in a bad place health wise. He was a smoker and a drinker causing health concerns. He knew that he didn’t want to continue down that road so he decided to make a change. The change he made was from commuting by car to bike. Some people don’t care about the money and the economic costs, but when it starts becoming a health concern, people generally start to take action. Even if people aren’t in poor health, there is always room to improve and become more in shape as a human being.

Bluejay, Michael. "Car Almanac | Statistics about Pollution, Energy Use, and Danger." Car Almanac |

Statistics about Pollution, Energy Use, and Danger. Bicycle Universe, n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2012.

<http://bicycleuniverse.info/transpo/almanac.html>.

Many people understand that biking can be better than driving in many ways, but what most people don’t know is how much better it is. People understand the concept but not the exact facts and the specific areas of life in which biking can improve the way of life. Michael Bluejay, the author of the article, claims that the pollution caused by travelling by car is stupendously high. He says that the amount of emissions given off by cars “dwarfs that from power plants.” He state the fact that using a bike to commute for four miles for four days, “saves 54 gallons of gas annually.” (Bluejay) If everyone started saving that much gas per year, there would be that much less gas emissions in the air. This is a point that everyone should be taking seriously because everyone on this earth will be affected by carbon emissions. Bluejay continues stating a staggering amount of facts that show how biking can be more beneficial than driving.

Kifer, Ken. "Auto Costs Versus Bike Costs." Auto Costs Versus Bike Costs. N.p., 24 Jan. 2002. Web. 30

Oct. 2012. <http://www.kenkifer.com/bikepages/advocacy/autocost.htm>.

Ken Kifer, the author of this article, gives persective to the cost analysis of biking versus driving. In a study done by Kifer, he found that driving a car cost about 10 cents more than riding a bike (Kifer). After coming across these findings, he wanted to look more in depth at why this was the case. He goes on to explain his findings and the really are quite interesting. For example, he breaks down the initial cost of buying a car and explains that while it may seem cheap, on $199 per month, but people have to pay that for an extremely long time while paying interest on it (Kifer). The amount of money spent up front on buying a car is expensive and the cost to keep it running is way more than biking.

#CJ Begalke

Biking development- News articles

Sapatkin, Don. "With options for everyone, folding bicycles are going mainstream." Philadelphia Inquirer [Philadelphia, PA] 6 July 2006. Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 30 Oct. 2012.

Bicycles have long been used for transport through big cities and urban areas. Many skeptics say that the problem with bikes is that they are so easily stolen. However, folding bike enthusiasts propose to eliminate this problem with the invention of the folding bike. The innovation of the bike has become one that is lightweight, durable, and most importantly, portable. It can fold into something that is as big as an airport carryon and then unfold to a fairly small bike. This useful innovation allows for easy portability and can be taken inside with someone instead of leaving it on a bike rack. Bike racks pose a problem only in that they are left outside where there is less security and that a rider is almost required to have a bike lock to make sure it is not stolen.

Farrell, Sean Patrick. "The hands that steer are building the bikes." New York Times 6 Mar. 2011: 5(L). Gale Power Search. Web. 30 Oct. 2012.

People throughout history have looked at inventions and improved them or made them unique to show it as their own. While many bikers throughout New York City have bought manufactured bikes, a growing population of bikers has started building their own. They want to do this to improve on past designs or also make the bikes unique to their design and fill them with pride. Individual builders do not overlook the small details that the factory made bikes do. These bikes are often times much more expensive, but if one were to invest time in building it or paying someone to, then it would definitely pay off in the end. Classes are offered to show someone how to build a bike throughout New York City. Individually innovators often make things better than factory made ones.

#Chris Leek

Safety Technology- More sources online

Halsey, Ashley, III. "Drivers, Cyclists Can Coexist Amiably." Washington Post 15 Sept. 2012. Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 29 Oct. 2012.

Rules for both drivers and bikers must be known in order to promote a safer environment for both. While the driver may not think they are at risk or at fault, if they get into an accident with a bike they can get in legal trouble and maybe even go to jail. Tips can be given to both sides in order to prevent further accidents. For instance, the driver can give a rider distance between them and the car. They can also not crowd the biker with their car and pass them only when they are sure the road is clear on both sides. As for the rider, they can wear helmets to promote head health and not swerve around cars. They can also stay off sidewalks and in the right most lane to help drivers out. In order to coexist, the riders and drivers must cooperate cohesively.

Farrell, Sean Patrick. "A Gentle Push for Bikers, Not a Shove." New York Times 16 Oct. 2011: 10(L). Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 29 Oct. 2012.

Helmets allow a biker to maintain a safe environment while also being both economically and environmentally efficient. Many skeptics see helmets as deterrence to more potential riders in the biking system, which according to them would promote safety in numbers. However, custom fit helmets are available and are able to protect one’s head. Many state and local governments push for helmet usage, but will not require it because of the deterrence. In New York City, they have a rental system in place that rents bikes to citizens, but not helmets. They say this is because they are not effective without being custom fit and it could also cause a big hygiene issue for the riders. While many issues with this come into play, the topic will be greatly controversial among bikers and the various lawmakers.

Chico, Beverly. "Helmet." Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion. Ed. Valerie Steele. Vol. 2. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005. 195-198. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 28 Oct. 2012

The development of safety helmets began long ago, when humans donned armor for their heads to protect from attack. While many disagree that this is the ancestor of today’s bicycle helmet, the evolution of the helmet shows a clear line from start to finish of helmet creations. The bicycle helmet consists most typically of a plastic cover with Styrofoam insides, usually with a head brace and almost always with a chin strap. This differs based on the use of the helmet. However, bicycle helmets have shown to protect riders adequately. Safety helps all bikers out as almost every rider will fall eventually. Ancient helmets were most typically made out of leather, and then eventually steel, but evolved to the plastic recreational ones we know today as bicycle helmets.

#Chris Leek

More Sources, Print and online

Katz, Bruce. “Taking the High Road.” Brookings Intitution Press, Washington D.C. 2001. Print.

In this book, the main editor Bruce Katz, is writing about the need for transportation reform in America. He starts by discussing the reason why there needs to be reform, from reasons like health concerns and environmental concerns. Once the audience knows why there needs to be reforms, they can start reasonably understanding ways to improve the systems of transportation today. Some of these ways are for people to start walking places but more efficiently biking places. Katz understands that it takes a lot for people to start biking because they have to change their daily life. The biggest change that happens when people start biking, at least in society’s mind, is an extended amount of time used to travel. Katz is quick to show that that is not always the case. He gives examples of how people can, depending on traffic; take the same amount of time biking, maybe even less, than driving. (Katz 212) The amount of time used when biking, while it may be more work at times, can be equal sometimes even less than that used when driving.

Vuchio, Vukan. “Transportation For Livable Cities.” CUPR Press. New Brunswick, New Jersey. 1999. Print

Vuchio talks about the way that society needs to live to make cities more “livable”. The author means is that cities are not going to be livable for very long with the way they are running currently. The author Vuchio wants to show specific ways that people can change the progression of society to make it more economical and healthy for the long term outlook of the city. Vuchio, at one point, focuses on the aspects of biking that can make the society livable. For example, he explains the benefits of biking in the way of cutting down on traffic. Vuchio’s argument is very similar to that of Katz in the way they focus somewhat on traffic. Vuchio focuses on the way that biking can cut down on the traffic. (Vuchio 157) By having people bike when they can, it helps free up the roads for the people who truly need to drive.

“3 Foot Passing Law Enacted by NE Unicameral.” Omaha Pedalers Bicycle Club. Omaha, NE. 2012. Online

The Omaha Pedalers Bicycle Club is a society created in Omaha Nebraska to encourage biking and a safe way to bike in the city. The club focuses on creating a place where people can go to bike as a group around the Omaha Area. In this article, the club discusses a topic that is going to benefit the bikers of Omaha, the 3 foot passing rule. What this says is that the city will make sure that there is always 3 feet between cars and bikers on the roads of Omaha.

“Commuting.” Omaha Bikes. Omaha, NE. 2012. Online

Omaha Bikes is a website that is meant for bloggers in the Omaha area to get together to discuss biking as an alternative mode of transportation. One specific portion of biking that is highly focused on is commuting. Commuting is the most effective way for people to travel other than my motorized transportation. The contributors realize that it may not be the most appealing option for transportation, but they really try to show how important it is to society and improves the quality of society and the people in the society.

#CJ Begalke

Response 24

Biking requires a significant amount of research in order to correctly change the technology to make it better. Many people can be skeptical of the changes, but through science the changes can be proved to be right. In Bicycling Science, Frank Rowland Whitt describes the science of bicycling. He describes the optimal speed through a series of tests that conclude that the speed with the maximum muscle efficiency is fifty revolutions per minute. This allows the biker to maintain that perfect speed while getting the best calorie to revolution ratio possible. These studies done at Dartmouth College analyzed bikers from students and professional bikers (Whitt 28-32). Whitt also analyzed the power generation of the human body. Different bikers with different peak performances burned different amounts of power based on the speed one would be going (Whitt 22-27). He also studied how a biker gets cooled off. The moving air generated by movement plus the sweat given off by physical exertion leads to the human body being cooled off relatively quickly depending on the speed in which the biker is traveling. The faster a biker is traveling, the more air resistance is made. This air resistance cools off the body as (generally) the air temperature is cooler than the body temperature (Whitt 58-65). The body has to be correctly aerodynamic and cool in order to perform at its maximum.

Secondly, one must select the correct bike to perform best. Some say all bikes are the same, but the weight and aerodynamics of the bike help a lot. In Science of Cycling, Edmund Burke describes the best way to make bikes faster. He says the best way to do this is to decrease wind resistance and weight. He advocates a custom made cycle for the serious racer in order to create a lighter frame with the right aspects for said rider. However, he does also say that skill and condition are the most important aspects to being the best biker possible (Burke 140-145). The aerodynamics of the tire must have a streamline effect where the ridges of the tire allow the air to stream around the tire. If the tire was completely flat, the air would actually slow the bike down slightly. A teardrop or oval effect of various parts of the bike allows for a better aerodynamic effect for the bike (Burke 139). He also talks about how the saddle height and the amount of peddling affects power output and efficiency. Saddle height changes the motion range of the legs. The higher the saddle height, the long the legs stay going (Burke 72-76). As for the amount of peddling, higher end racers tend to stay at about eighty to one hundred ten revolutions per minute. Most efficient revolutions allow for somewhere between thirty three to eighty however (Burke 77). Bikes can go really fast if they are built correctly.

Burke, Edmund. “Effects of Saddle Height and Pedaling Cadence on Power Output and Efficiency” and “Mechanical Factors Affecting the Speed of a Cycle”. Science of Cycling. Champaign: Human Kinetics, 1986. 69-90, 123-136. Print.

Whitt, Frank. "Human Power Generation” and “How Bicyclists Keep Cool". Bicycling Science. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1974. 16-65. Print.

#Chris Leek

Source summaries

CJ Begalke

ENG 150-D

Dr. Prenosil

24 October 2012

Assignment #17 Continued: Source summaries

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jd-roth/biking-vs-driving-calculator_b_1813992.html

Roth, J.D. “The Biking vs. Driving Calculator.” The Huffington Post. 2012. Website.

In this article, the author gives a first-hand account of his experiences with trying new forms of transportation, specifically biking. He brings to light a very relevant point in the discussion of what mode of transportation is best, and that is cost benefit. He discusses how much money he is spending on gas when he drives as opposed to the amount he saves while biking. People know that biking is good for you because it gives you exercise. J.D. Roth, the author of the article, uses his life experiences to show that biking is a viable option in the search for other successful modes of transportation.

http://sustainablecitiescollective.com/mailak/21582/economic-effect-biking-vs-driving-astounding-experts-say

Klowe, Maila. “Economic effect of biking vs. driving is astounding, experts say.” SustainableCitiesCollective. 2011. Website.

Klowe, like Roth in the previous article, is more specifically talking about the economic effect that biking has in comparison to driving. She even gives a fact that people can save up to $12,000. (Klowe) She also attacks the way cities are built because most are not built to be easily accessible for bikers. This problem of accessibility, she says, has caused a decline in health and a rise in health care costs, another negative effect that driving and the way cities are built only for driving can have on the general population. If cities can more actively accept the biking commuters, the quicker the local economy will increase.

http://www.bikesbelong.org/resources/stats-and-research/statistics/

“Statistics.” Bikes Belong. 2012 Website.

This website is unique from the other two in the way that it focuses heavily on facts. Also, this website is more of a collaboration from a business, called Bikes Belong, instead of mainly one individual. The article gives six main facts about how biking is a positive thing for society. They give examples that prove that biking is safe, reduces pollution, and is less expensive than driving a car, just to name a few. This article is unique that it gives true and reliable facts. The other articles were mainly based off personal experience. It is important to find a good balance between the two, but facts cannot be argued with because they are in fact, fact.

#CJ Begalke

Summary of Web Based Sources

Huang, James. “Pinarello Dogma 65.1 Think 2 review.” Bike Radar. (2012) Web.

They say that the new bike technology is absolutely phenomenal. The simplistic nature of a bike is often its most appealing characteristic. However, to some bikers, technology can make the bike faster, smoother, and overall much nicer. In Pinarello Dogma 65.1 Think 2 review, Huang describes a bike that can integrate all sorts of technology into its new design with outstanding suspension and speed (Huang). This new bike is an example of how technology can be integrated to make faster and smoother.

Perugini, Patrick. “How does chainless technology work?.” Dynamic Bicycles. (2011) Web.

New technology is being developed or refined every day. To some this may seem quite extreme, but to bike enthusiasts it’s just a new development that helps create cleaner looking bikes. In How does chainless technology work?, Patrick Perugini describes the development of chainless bikes. Instead of using a loud, greasy chain, Perugini’s chainless technology allows for a cleaner, less messy looking bike with less maintenance. These chainless bikes also allow for easier gear shifting. They work by having a shaft drive instead of the chains with an internal gear shifting device (1). The cleanness of the bike allows for a smoother look as well.

“Omaha Biking and Hiking Trails.” Visit Omaha. (2012) Web.

All around the world, cities are developing bike trails to help their citizens’ transport themselves. Some may see this as useless as most places already have roads for cars. However, bike trails allow for a safer environment for the bikers as they are not sharing a lane with cars. Also, they can be used for more practical transport as a bike takes up much less space. In Omaha, Nebraska, they have set up 85 miles of bike trails since 1990. This fact alone accounts for the hype of biking that has taken place around the United States and the rest of the world. These trails allow for easier transport and leisure biking time. It can also be a fun experience for someone to go biking and also a good way to exercise.

#Chris Leek

Summaries and Sources

Dawn, S. Bowen. "Building a Trail and Connecting a Community: The Establishment of the Dahlgren Railroad Heritage Trail." Southeastern Geographer 49.3 (2009): 291-307. ProQuest Research Library. Web.

Biking technology and travel has become more recently developed through the use of bike trails through various places and cities. Many groups oppose these trails because they can help develop crime, terrorism, and can be placed in very bad spots. In Building a Trail and Connecting a Community: The Establishment of the Dalhgren Railroad Heritage Trail, Dawn states that the trail builders occurred much opposition in the form of churches and a gun range. All sorts of opposition must be considered. For instance, the gun range was worried that someone might come on the trail and not be seen, which could have the gunmen accidently shooting someone on the trail, which was right behind the range. This was solved by building a bridge. A church opposed this project because the trail crossed a cemetery, which causes an obvious unresolved problem (293). The development of trails within biking can have plenty of problems.

Hiss, Tony. "Rails to trails: across America disused railbeds are being converted to trails for hiking and biking; soon a national trail will link the coasts." The Atlantic Dec. 1997: 34+. Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web.

Railroads across America are being converted to public use trails. This widespread phenomenon finds very little opposition as it only uses old railways that are no longer in use. The developments of these trails are backed by many politicians as it allows for a greater use of old trails. By 2010, there was supposed to be a coast to coast trail (whether or not this actually happened was not stated as the article is older than that) using only these trails. The development of these trails through the use of buying old railways is a development of its own as it recycles unused paths. These trails can be used by anybody.

Whitt, Rowland, Wilson, David and Papadopoulos, Jim. "Bicycling Science." Science 309.5732 (2005): 249. Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web.

The science of bicycling has become a bigger and bigger thing as more technology has been integrated into cycling. This basic mode of travel does not require much at all. However, scientists have studied the subject of this travel immensely, including its aerodynamics and the new developments of the camera system in the helmet of expensive cyclists. This technology has been integrated more and more into the bicycle. This has allowed faster and easier travel using only the power of the human body. Biking travel technology has increased exponentially.

#Chris Leek

Sources and Summaries

Wiki project sources

http://kc7za5wx4c.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sustainable+commute+in+a+car-dominant+city%3A+Factors+affecting+alternative+mode+choices+among+university+students&rft.jtitle=Transportation+Research+Part+A%3A+Policy+and+Practice&rft.au=Zhou%2C+Jiangping&rft.date=2012-08-01&rft.pub=Elsevier+B.V&rft.issn=0965-8564&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.tra.2012.04.001&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=291766544

Zhou, Jianping. “Sustainable commute in a car-dominant city: Factors affecting alternative mode choices among university students.” SciVerseVolume 46. Issue 7 (2012) Online

Jianping is trying to show here that there are alternative choices when it comes to modes of transportation for everyone and especially university students. He states that many students can find discounted modes of travel because driving is expensive due to gas and parking. Universities tend to give discounts for parking permits. While the cost may look expensive on the onset, it is small in the grand scheme of things. (Zhou ??) Jianping argues that there are times when driving may be more convenient but makes the point that other modes of transportation can be used to help people financially and with their health.

Durrett, Jim. “Biking to better commute options.” The Atlanta Journal-Constitution Main Edition (2009) Online

Durrett gives a firsthand account of his travels without using a car. He tells the story of his 5.5 mile bike ride from his home to his work. (Durrett ??) On his rides, he realizes how there are many other viable modes of transport and that he notices the little things. He notices road conditions and weather and how they can affect travel. Arguably, the most important point he makes is that the more people that use other modes of transportation, the less congested the roads get for the people who need to use cars for transportation. He wants to make it easier for the people who see driving as a necessity to get around.

http://kc7za5wx4c.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Some+riders+never+tire+of+biking+to+work&rft.jtitle=Telegram+%26+Gazette&rft.au=Lynne+Tolman&rft.date=1999-07-25&rft.issn=1050-4184&rft.spage=D.9&rft.externalDBID=UABL&rft.externalDocID=43503610

http://kc7za5wx4c.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Riding+your+bicycle+makes+great+cents+%2F%2F+Biking+saves+money+and+environment&rft.jtitle=Telegram+%26+Gazette&rft.au=Lynne+Tolman&rft.date=1999-04-04&rft.issn=1050-4184&rft.spage=D.16&rft.externalDBID=UABL&rft.externalDocID=40282069

http://www.sciencedirect.com.cuhsl.creighton.edu/science/article/pii/S0965856404000941

Handy, Susan. “Driving by choice of necessity?” SciVerse Volume 39. (2005) Online

Handy states that what most people consider to be a necessity is not a necessity, but a choice. She uses evidence to show that most driving is actually a choice, whether the individuals agree with her. She lays out her information first by defining a choice and a necessity by her categorization using many different aspects. (Handy ??) Once she develops this understanding, she is able to present her information so that the audience understands what she means when she says necessity and choice. This understanding is important to know when relating it to the evidence that she provides.

#CJ Begalke

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