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Boutique Hotel Bulgaria

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Public Instruction in Bulgaria

Proportion of Boys and Girls

In Bulgaria during the school year 1903–1904, the total number of students showed a significant difference between boys and girls.

Overall, there were approximately 54 girls for every 100 boys. In percentage terms, 68% of students were boys and 32% were girls. This shows that boys attended school more frequently than girls, although girls’ education was steadily improving.

Proportion by Nationality

The ratio of girls to boys varied significantly across different nationalities and types of schools:

Bulgarian national schools: 50.35 girls per 100 boys

Bulgarian private schools: 40.62 girls per 100 boys

Bulgarian Mahommedan schools: 40.60 girls per 100 boys

Bulgarian Catholic schools: 79.63 girls per 100 boys

Bulgarian Protestant schools: 92.30 girls per 100 boys

Bulgarian Turkish schools: 84.76 girls per 100 boys

Bulgarian Greek schools: 52.70 girls per 100 boys

Bulgarian Jewish schools: 61.58 girls per 100 boys

Bulgarian Armenian schools: 85.68 girls per 100 boys

Bulgarian French schools: 140.74 girls per 100 boys

Bulgarian Tartar schools: 81.56 girls per 100 boys

Bulgarian German schools: 76.52 girls per 100 boys

Bulgarian Roumanian schools: 78.41 girls per 100 boys

Bulgarian Lipovane schools: 0 girls (no female students reported)

Observations

From these figures, several important conclusions can be drawn:

Girls’ attendance is lower than boys’ in most schools, especially in Bulgarian private and Mahommedan schools, where less than half of the students are girls Customised Private Istanbul Tour.

Religious and foreign schools such as Protestant, Catholic, and French schools show higher female attendance, sometimes exceeding the number of boys.

Some communities, like the Lipovanes, did not report any girls attending school.

Overall, the data highlights the need to encourage female education, particularly in certain national and rural communities.

These statistics reflect the educational challenges and progress in early 20th century Bulgaria. They also provide a clear picture of how gender and nationality influenced access to schooling at that time.

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Rules for Contracting State Loans

In Bulgaria, no State loan can be made without the consent of the National Assembly. This ensures that the country does not fall into debt without the approval of the people’s representatives. If the Government believes that borrowing money is absolutely necessary to cover extraordinary expenses while the National Assembly is not in session, the Assembly must be called into an extraordinary session immediately.

However, if serious obstacles prevent the immediate convocation of the Assembly, the Prince, with the advice of the Council of Ministers, may authorize a loan. This loan, however, cannot exceed three million francs. Even in this case, the approval of the National Assembly must be obtained in its next session.

Similarly, the Prince has the power to approve an emergency expenditure of up to one million francs for needs not covered in the national budget. This also requires later confirmation by the Assembly. These rules protect the country’s finances from being used without accountability Istanbul Tours Guide.

The Closure of the Budget

At the end of every financial year, the Budget must be closed through a special law passed by the National Assembly. On this occasion, the Minister of Finance presents a detailed financial report to both the National Assembly and the High Court of Accounts. This report describes the overall financial situation of the country during the year and how public funds have been used.

The High Court of Accounts

The High Court of Accounts plays a vital role in ensuring financial transparency. It is an independent institution with a semi-judicial character, meaning it has both administrative and judicial powers. Its main duty is to carefully control and supervise State finances.

The Court is composed of a president, six councillors, and many reporters and accountants. These officials review the financial actions of the Government, making sure that everything is legal and correctly managed.

Importantly, the president and councillors are appointed by royal decree, but only after being proposed by the National Assembly. The Assembly alone has the authority to revoke them. This guarantees that the Court remains independent from the executive branch and accountable to the representatives of the people.

These financial safeguards show how Bulgaria’s Constitution sought to prevent misuse of public money. By requiring the approval of the National Assembly for loans and expenditures, and by giving oversight to the High Court of Accounts, the system ensured that the nation’s wealth was managed responsibly and transparently.

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Principles of Bulgarian Law

The laws of Bulgaria were designed to respect the religious and civil rights of all citizens. People of different religions were allowed to exercise their civil and political rights without restriction and could hold public office. This was an important guarantee of equality for a country with a diverse population.

Commercial and International Relations

Bulgaria’s commercial relations were also regulated carefully. Commercial treaties concluded with the Ottoman Empire (the Porte) were binding on Bulgaria, and no changes could be made without the agreement of the Power involved. Transit duties could not be charged on goods passing through Bulgaria, protecting the freedom of trade. The rights and privileges of foreign subjects, including the right to consular jurisdiction and protection, were to remain valid until formally changed with the consent of the Powers concerned.

Tribute and Legal Authority

Bulgaria was required to pay tribute to Turkey and to participate in the debts of the Ottoman Empire. Bulgarians traveling in Turkey were subject to Turkish law and authorities, maintaining order and recognition of Ottoman sovereignty outside Bulgaria Guided Tours Turkey.

Autonomy and Sovereignty

While these provisions might suggest that Bulgaria had limited independence, the Treaty of Berlin clearly stated that immediately after the election of the Prince, Bulgaria would enjoy complete autonomy. This meant that in practice, Bulgaria became self-governing from the start. Over time, Bulgaria strengthened its government, gradually moving beyond the status of a vassal and tributary principality of 1878.

Modern Developments

As Bulgaria grew stronger, it was able to abolish the capitulations with the consent of all parties involved, stop paying tribute, and negotiate commercial treaties independently. Relations with Turkey became a matter of mutual agreement, and Bulgaria’s sovereignty increasingly depended on its political, moral, and military strength. Each day brought greater autonomy and recognition of Bulgaria as a sovereign state in the international community.

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The Fortifications of Constantinople in the Late Byzantine Period

Evidence of Andronicus II’s Repairs

Historical sources show that Emperor Andronicus II Palaiologos (1282–1328) carried out important repairs to the fortifications of Constantinople. A notable piece of evidence is a stone slab once found on a tower near the old harbour at Koum Kapoussi (today in Istanbul). The slab bore the monogram and coat-of-arms of the emperor, represented by a lion rampant, crowned, and holding an upright sword. This sign indicated his role in strengthening the city’s defenses.

Byzantine historians such as Pachymeres, Nicephorus Gregoras, and the Metrical Chronicle also mention his contributions to the city walls. Their accounts confirm that Andronicus II tried to continue the defensive works started by his father, Michael VIII Palaiologos, after the recapture of the city in 1261.

Debates About the Seraglio Walls

The scholar Dr. Paspates argued that the land walls of the Seraglio enclosure (where Topkapı Palace later stood) were built by Michael VIII Palaiologos. He believed that after 1261, the grounds around Seraglio Point became part of the imperial palace domain. His reasoning was based on a statement by Cantacuzene, who wrote that the Church of St. Demetrius was located inside the palace Bulgaria Tours.

However, this interpretation is not without problems. The Church of St. Demetrius connected with the emperors was not near the Seraglio Point but closer to the Pharos and the Chrysotriklinion of the Great Palace, further west. Therefore, it seems more likely that the Seraglio Point was not part of the main Byzantine palace complex in the 13th and 14th centuries.

The Storm of 1332

The work of Andronicus II on the Sea of Marmara walls did not last long. On February 12, 1332, just before his death, a powerful storm struck Constantinople. Fierce southern winds drove the waves over the battlements. The storm was so strong that it:

Broke open sections of the walls,

Forced the gates,

And flooded into the city like an invading army.

The sea devastated the nearby quarters of Constantinople, leaving significant destruction behind. Although chroniclers do not give detailed reports about the repairs, it is almost certain that the damage was later fixed by his successor, Andronicus III Palaiologos (1328–1341).

The Importance of Constant Repairs

This episode highlights an important truth about Byzantine Constantinople: the city was always vulnerable to both human attack and natural forces. While its land walls were nearly impregnable, the seaward walls often required repairs due to storms and erosion. Every emperor, from Michael VIII to Andronicus III, had to spend considerable time and resources on maintaining them.

The storm of 1332 is one of several natural disasters that tested the resilience of the city. Despite these challenges, Constantinople remained a symbol of endurance, protected by its fortifications until its final fall to the Ottomans in 1453.

The reigns of Michael VIII, Andronicus II, and Andronicus III demonstrate how crucial the walls of Constantinople were to the survival of the Byzantine Empire. Even nature itself could act like an enemy, as shown by the violent storm of 1332 that tore through the Marmara defenses. Yet, with every crisis, the Byzantines repaired and reinforced their walls, proving that Constantinople’s strength lay not only in stone and mortar but also in the determination of its rulers to defend it at all costs.

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Greece A Railway Journey from Corfu to Corinth

In Greece, there is a narrow-gauge railway that runs from Patras to Corinth. This railway follows the Gulf of Corinth, crossing a ridge that divides the isthmus and continues along the shore of the Saronic Gulf to the capital, Athens. Altogether, there are about 600 miles of railway in operation across Greece, though 300 miles of track have been abandoned Private Sofia Tours.

Abandoned Railroads and Their Importance

You can still find the tracks of the abandoned railroads in different parts of the country. One of the most important routes that was never finished was meant to run through Thessaly (the northern part of Greece) and reach the Turkish border. If it had been completed, this railroad would have been very beneficial for the whole country. The people of southern Greece don’t grow enough food to meet their needs, while northern Greece has plenty of food to spare.

The difference in bread prices between the Peloponnesus (southern Greece) and Thessaly (northern Greece) is extremely high. This is because Thessaly lacks many markets, while southern Greece has few farms. The railroad was supposed to help balance this situation by transporting food, but unfortunately, it was never finished. The rails now lie rusting, and some are even stolen for scrap metal.

Brindisi Gateway to the East

Brindisi, located in Italy, is the main gateway to the East. The steamers that travel to India, China, and Japan stop there, as well as those carrying passengers to and from Paris, London, Berlin, and other European cities. This makes it easier for travelers to avoid a long sea voyage from Bremen and Hamburg (in Germany) and from London and Havre (in France). Instead, they can take a train across Europe.

Special trains with dining cars and sleepers are arranged in connection with these steamers. These trains carry passengers and mail, allowing travelers to reach Paris and Berlin in about 36 hours, and London in 48 hours from Brindisi.

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The Orient Express

A Disappointing Experience

The Orient Express is the famous railway train that runs through Europe, traveling from Calais and Ostend to Constantinople three times a week. While it is widely celebrated, it can be a disappointment when compared to American standards. The journey between Vienna and Sofia is about the same distance as between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, but it takes twice as long to complete the trip. Moreover, the fare is about four times higher than what you would pay in America for a similar distance.

The High Cost and Small Spaces

The extra fare or supplement, as it is called, for riding the Orient Express between Vienna and Sofia is 44 francs, or approximately $8.40. This is almost the full fare between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. For that price, you get a tiny space in a sleeping compartment, not a comfortable Pullman sleeper. The bed is reasonably comfortable, but the space is so narrow that it’s hardly safe to turn over in your sleep. The only way to get fresh air is by opening a window directly above your head, which doesn’t feel very secure.

In contrast, regular trains are just two hours slower than the Orient Express, but they are much cheaper. These trains run every day, and the quality of service is very similar, but the fare is only half the price of the Orient Express.

Bulgaria’s Railroads and Travel Time

Bulgaria has several railroads that connect the country to places like the Black Sea, Bucharest, and Salonika on the Mediterranean. There is also a major trunk line that connects to Constantinople. These railroads are owned by the government and are well-managed, although the trains are very slow. The Orient Express can sometimes reach a speed of 20 miles per hour, but on average, it only travels at 18 miles per hour, which is considered impressive in Bulgaria.

The entire Bulgarian railway system has a total length of 909 miles, with 130 miles of new track currently being built. The country also has an extensive telephone and telegraph network, which is a big improvement over some other countries, including Germany. The telephone service in Germany is so bad that many foreigners avoid using it if possible Private Tour Ephesus.

A Joke with a German Professor

One evening, I jokingly suggested that German words might be too big for the telephone lines, causing problems with the transmission. A professor at the University of Berlin took me seriously and, instead of laughing, he punished me by keeping me in the corner for half an hour while he explained why my suggestion was absurd. Moral of the story: Never joke with German professors.

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The Cistern of Bonus and Its Importance

The Cistern of Bonus was located in a particularly cool area of Constantinople, making it an ideal spot during the hot summer months. Due to this location, Emperor Romanus I decided to build a palace near the cistern. This palace, known as the New Palace of Bonus, served as his residence during the warmer season.

Cool Location and Attractive Views

In Constantinople, there was no cooler place to be in the summer than the terrace where the Mosque of Sultan Selim now stands. The area offered a great view of the Golden Horn, which made it even more attractive. This combination of coolness and breathtaking views made it the perfect spot for the emperor to escape the heat of the summer months Private Sofia Tour.

Proximity to the Church of the Holy Apostles

Another important factor to consider is the Cistern of Bonus’s proximity to the Church of the Holy Apostles. On the eve of an important annual service held in the church to honor Constantine the Great, the Imperial Court would often stay at the Palace of Bonus. This was done to be within easy riding distance of the church for the festival the next morning. The close location of the Palace of Bonus to the Church of the Holy Apostles made it a convenient place for the emperor and his court to stay during the event.

The Route from the Palace to the Church

On the way from the Palace of Bonus to the Church of the Holy Apostles, there was an old cistern that had been converted into market gardens. This cistern might have been the one near the Mosque of Sultan Selim, which further supports the idea that the Cistern of Bonus was located near the mosque.

The Wall of Constantine and Its Relation to the Cistern

The Wall of Constantine, which surrounded Constantinople, passed close to the Cistern of Bonus. Specifically, the wall moved from the Cistern of Aspar to the Golden Horn, passing near the Mosque of Sultan Selim. This supports the idea that the cistern near the mosque could have been the Cistern of Bonus.

A Key Difference in Identification

However, there is a significant issue with identifying the Cistern of Bonus with the reservoir near the Mosque of Sultan Selim. The Cistern of Bonus was roofed, while the reservoir beside the mosque appears to have always been open. This key difference suggests that while the two locations are close, they may not be the same.

The Cistern of Bonus played an important role in the life of Constantinople. It was strategically located in a cool and pleasant area, close to the Palace of Bonus and the Church of the Holy Apostles. While there is evidence to support its location near the Mosque of Sultan Selim, the difference in the structure of the cisterns makes it uncertain whether they are the same. Further research may be needed to fully confirm the exact location of this significant Byzantine landmark.

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Elate Plaza Hotel

Location: H-8, Mladost-1, corner of bul. Alexander Malinov and bul. Andrey Saharov Contact: Tel/Fax: [phone]

Elate Plaza is a small, cozy, and charming hotel located just a four-minute drive south of Sofia’s airport. It sits in a quiet residential neighborhood, making it a peaceful place to stay for travelers.

The rooms at Elate Plaza come in various shapes and sizes. They have a modern style with warm red colors and bright bathrooms. Suites include bathtubs for added comfort. The hotel has a friendly, “make yourself at home” atmosphere, and the staff are very helpful and attentive.

For guests’ convenience, there is a fitness center with a sauna where you can relax after a busy day. The hotel also offers a conference hall that can hold up to 45 people, which makes it suitable for small business meetings Bulgaria Private Tour.

Bulgari Hotel

Location: A-2, Ul. Plrotska 50 Contact: Tel: [phone]

Bulgari Hotel is a small and welcoming place located in a lovely cobbled street in old Sofia. The hotel’s bright tangerine-colored rooms are on the smaller side but come with TVs and usually a small desk.

Bathrooms vary — some have bathtubs while others feature a traditional Bulgarian-style shower without a partition. One special room to request is the ‘Melnik’ room on the top floor, which has a glass-covered balcony that feels like a conservatory and offers great views of the sky.

Breakfast here is served on glass tables decorated with seashells, adding a nice touch to your morning. The hotel is known to be gay-friendly, welcoming all guests warmly.

Central Hotel

Location: B-2, bul. Hristo Botev 52 Contact: Tel: [phone]

Central Hotel is a relatively new hotel located in a convenient downtown area. It offers good value for money with comfortable facilities.

Rooms are decorated in a modern and practical style, mostly featuring showers instead of full bathtubs. The hotel’s location makes it easy to explore Sofia’s city center.

Central Forum Hotel

Location: G-7, bul. Tsar Boris III 41 Contact: Tel: [phone]

Central Forum is a recently renovated hotel located about 1 km southwest of Sofia’s downtown area. It is in a mixed residential and commercial neighborhood, making it quiet yet close to the action.

The rooms are not very large but are decorated in soft, creamy colors designed to reduce stress. Although the hotel calls itself four stars, most rooms have showers, and only the ‘luxury’ rooms have real bathtubs.

One nice surprise is that some rooms have electric kettles, a feature rare in Bulgaria hotels.

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Greek Army Actions and the Murder of Eulogius

The Bombardment and Surrender

On June 17th, the Greek Army bombarded a house in Salonika where a small Bulgarian force was stationed. By the next day, June 18th, the Bulgarians surrendered.

On June 18th, the Greeks arrested Eulogius, the Vicar of the Bulgarian Archbishop of Salonica. He was put on board a Greek steamer called the “Mariette Ralli”. Later that evening, he was transferred to another ship, the “Catherine”, where he was treated cruelly Guided Turkey Tours .

On June 19th, the ship set sail, but only three hours later, Eulogius was stabbed and thrown into the sea. The official Greek account claimed that he was killed while fighting in the streets of Salonika, but the Carnegie Commission states that this is not true.

Greek Army Actions Begin

The violent actions of the Greek Army began on July 4th with the first conflict in Kukush. On July 7th, further violence occurred in Demir-Hissar.

On July 12th, King Constantine ordered reprisals based on the events in Demir-Hissar. However, the Carnegie Commission notes that the Greek reprisals started several days before the Bulgarian provocation.

Destruction of Kukush

When the Greek Army entered Kukush, the town was still intact. But today, Kukush is nothing but ruins. The Carnegie Commission points out that the Greek Army started the second war by deliberately burning a Bulgarian town—Kukush.

A Call for Reflection

The Commission concludes by highlighting that if the Greeks had remembered the biblical saying, “Let him who is without sin cast the first stone,” they might have hesitated before launching a campaign based on falsehoods and violence that ended up hurting them severely.

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State Security's Operation Against Dissidents

In 1981-1982, the Bulgarian State Security conducted a major surveillance operation called “Dissidents”. This operation targeted a group of creative artists in cities such as Sofia, Bourgas, Varna, Stara Zagora, Yambol, and other areas. The authorities arrested individuals accused of anti-regime activities. Some of them were sent to psychiatric clinics as a way of silencing them. In total, 312 authors of anti-regime leaflets were identified in 1982, with about 45% of them being young people. During this period, the State Security also recorded 141 incidents related to anti-Soviet sentiments.

Rise of Informal Youth Groups

The influence of events in Poland sparked an increase in informal youth groups in Bulgaria. In 1982, there were 64 informal groups with 295 participants, a sharp rise compared to 1980, when there were only 18 groups with 86 members. These groups were seen as a growing threat by the government, as they represented a form of resistance and protest against the communist regime.

“An Open Letter of Appeal”

In autumn 1986, a group of former political prisoners wrote an “Open Letter of Appeal” to the Vienna Conference, which was reviewing the implementation of the Helsinki agreement on human rights. The letter was addressed to representatives of European countries, the USA, and Canada, urging them not to end the conference until the fundamental human rights of all European citizens were fully guaranteed. The authors of the letter stressed that every European citizen should have the freedom to express their thoughts and beliefs, both in oral and written form, without the fear of persecution Customized Tour Istanbul.

Declaration on Human Rights

Along with the Open Letter, the authors also signed a Declaration that was attached to the Memorandum of Dissidents. This memorandum, signed by dissidents from four Eastern European countries, marked the anniversaries of significant uprisings: the Hungarian Uprising, the Berlin Uprising, the Prague Spring, and the Polish events. The declaration highlighted the desire for democracy and freedom in Eastern Europe.

The authors of these documents were Iliya Minev, Eduard Genov, Grigor Simov, Tseko Krustev, Stefan Savovski, and Bozhidar Statev. On 16 January 1988, these individuals founded the Bulgarian Independent Human Rights Association. The goal of the association was to defend human rights and freedoms, which had been severely violated for over 40 years under the communist regime in Bulgaria.

The State Security’s efforts to suppress dissent and protest during the early 1980s showed the extent to which the communist regime sought to control the population. However, these efforts also led to the formation of independent human rights movements, like the Bulgarian Independent Human Rights Association, which sought to challenge the oppressive government and advocate for freedom of speech and human rights.

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Historical Development of Jewelry

Jewelry is the art of making decorative items from precious metals and stones. These items are called jewels. Around 4000-3500 BC, the Sumerians worked with gold and silver in the city of Ur in Mesopotamia.

David, the prophet, is known as the father of jewelry. During the Ottoman Empire, the jewelry artists who worked for the palace created many pieces of art, which are now displayed in museums. The palace jewelry artists were known as the ZERGERAN squad. The stone carvers were called HAKKAKAN, and the artists who worked with marquetry (inlay work) were called ZERNİŞANİ.

2300 Years Back in Time Walking Through History

A special trekking trip took place along the Cine-Gerga route, where many tourist guides from KURED had the chance to explore the ancient ruins of the Carian city of Gerga Customized Tour Bulgaria.

About 2300 years ago, Gerga was an important city on the route between Alabanda and Hyllarima, which is located near Derebagi Village in Kavaklidere, Mugla. Though there are not many ruins left of Gerga, it is still a place worth visiting. The giant tomb rocks of the necropolis and the mystical atmosphere of the area are surrounded by natural beauty and the remains of the ancient temple.

The Prytaneion Epigraphy

The Prytaneion was an important building in the structure and culture of the state during the ancient Hellenistic period. It was the official building for the Prytaneists, who were part priest and part state officer. One of the most beautiful examples of a Prytaneion can still be seen in Ephesus today.

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A Difficult Time in Berat

Feeling Sick and In Pain

I had a fever for a couple of days, and I only started to feel better after I went up into the hills in pain, hoping it would help. Because of this, my memories of Berat are not as pleasant as I would like them to be. I had bad sleeping conditions and mainly ate quinine to help with the fever. If I had been feeling better, I would have left the first morning, but I was so weak, and I couldn’t find anyone to guide me through the mountains to Koritza, which was to the east.

Trying to Find a Way to Koritza

I had maps from Austria that showed a route, but when I asked the Governor of Berat about it, he didn’t know of any path. I told him I was heading back to Monastir, but I couldn’t explain that I wanted to go by land. The Governor kept suggesting that I should go to the coast, to Yalona, for example, where I could catch a boat to Salonika and then take a train to Monastir. It seemed like an easy and comfortable journey compared to crossing the mountains, which he said no one had ever done before Istanbul Day Tours.

Speaking to Muleteers

I tried talking to muleteers, but it wasn’t easy. I had to communicate through two people: my dragoman who spoke Turkish, and the captain of the guard, who spoke both Turkish and Albanian. The muleteers only spoke Albanian, so a lot of information was lost in translation. The captain didn’t want to go and kept saying that there were no villages, no food, and the mountain paths would be too dangerous for the horses, especially in the rain.

Abandoning My Plan

Because of all this, I had to give up my plan to cross the mountains to Koritza in the way I wanted. I thought I could have made the journey in three days, even with the tough terrain.

A Surprising Discovery

A week later, when I reached Koritza using a different route, everyone there told me that the journey between Koritza and Berat was common, and that although it took muleteers three days, anyone traveling fast could easily do it in two! This kind of difference in information is what makes it so hard to understand the thinking of people from the East.

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The Life of British Officers in Macedonia

For several days, I stayed with Major Gore-Alney and Captain Smyly, observing their work. It is not the kind of work that gets a lot of attention in the news or in Parliament. When people talk about the “easy life” of British officers, it’s important to think of men like those in Drama—and there are thousands like them in other faraway places—living alone, doing their duty without dinner parties, social events, or theatres. After a long day of riding in the hot sun, they relax by sitting in simple canvas chairs, smoking pipes, and watching the moon rise over the plain, where the ruins of Philippi stand.

An Expedition into the Hills

With Captain Smyly as my guide, I had the chance to go on a small trip into the nearby hills where there had been some trouble. We were escorted by three gendarmes, one of whom was well-known for catching bandits. This officer had tracked a notorious criminal for weeks through the mountains and didn’t stop until he had captured him Who we are.

We rode across a red, sandy plain, where the plants were dried out, heading towards hills that were harsh, barren, and unwelcoming. Only in the valleys could peasants manage to grow enough crops to survive.

Hard Work in the Fields

In the maize fields, we saw Bulgarian-Macedonian families—husbands, wives, and children—working from morning until night. They didn’t realize there was anything wrong with the world until the Bulgarian Komitajis came and forced them to join the revolutionary movement.

Revolutionary Movements and Resistance

All the villages in the area are ready for rebellion whenever the signal is given. Arms are hidden nearby, and the Bulgarians had no trouble smuggling them into the country. They knew that the Turkish soldiers would go to bed at sunset and would be too scared to go out again until the morning. Because of this, the rebel groups always moved at night.

Now, thanks to the British officers, there are frequent night patrols. Revolutionaries are often caught during these patrols and face quick punishment.

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A Different Way of Enjoying Life

Drinking and Family Time

A man is less likely to drink too much if he has something that encourages him to spend time with his wife and children. The people we call “foreigners” are not more virtuous than us, but they don’t have the same drinking problems we do. This is because, in their countries, drinking is part of the public life. People drink openly, and no one judges them or thinks they are becoming bad people for doing so. I thought about this as I watched the Bulgarians relax and enjoy themselves. But I was tired from the long day, so I went to my cozy room and fell asleep, listening to the lively music of a gypsy dance.

Philippopolis: A Unique City

Philippopolis is a city with its own character. It has more personality than Sofia because, while Sofia is trying to look like other big European cities, Philippopolis has stayed true to itself and takes pride in that. The people here seem to have a superior attitude, similar to the way people in old English cathedral cities feel about newer, fast-growing towns. The city’s trade is not huge, but the people are proud of the quality of their products Customized Tours Bulgaria.

Focus on Education

One interesting place in Philippopolis is the Alexander Gymnasium, a school founded in 1885. It cost nearly £26,000 to build and spends over £5,000 every year to maintain it. The school offers free education to boys between the ages of ten and twenty-two. The only cost is a small fee: 20 francs a year for older students and 10 francs for younger ones. This money goes toward buying books and clothes for the poorest students. There is also a similar school for girls, called the Lycée, where they receive the same kind of education, except that they don’t study classics. The Bulgarians really care about education and put a lot of effort into it.

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The Duty of Diplomacy A Misguided Approach

Sir Henry Elliot’s role as an ambassador should have been to advocate for the truth and defend human rights, yet he chose to defend the Turkish government unconditionally, ignoring their atrocities. His unwavering support for the Turks blinded him to the suffering of countless individuals. This was a critical failure, especially given the plethora of accurate information available from various sources.

Overlooked Reports from Consuls

Despite his bias, there were still numerous other sources of information available to him. French, German, Austrian, Greek, and Russian Consuls provided accurate weekly reports detailing the situation on the ground. These reports, which Elliot could have accessed, painted a grim picture of the ongoing atrocities. Additionally, German railway officials, who lived near the burning villages and could smell the rotting bodies, submitted their own observations. Yet, Elliot dismissed these reports, believing that they were all part of a Russian conspiracy Private Bulgaria Tours Yachting.

Dismissal of Credible Evidence

Elliot’s skepticism extended even to the reports from American missionaries. He regarded the accounts from these various diplomats and officials as worthless, dismissing them based solely on his unfounded belief that they were all in the pay of Russia. He also received a few reports from Mr. Dupuis, the Consul at Adrianople, which he deemed exaggerated for reasons he never clarified. Instead of investigating these claims further, he opted to ignore them altogether.

Misguided Assurance from the Turkish Porte

In a misguided attempt to confirm his biases, Elliot sent his dragoman to the Porte to inquire about the situation. The dragoman returned with assurances that the Turks were treating the Bulgarians with kindness, portraying them as victims rather than aggressors. Accepting this narrative without question, Elliot smiled and proclaimed, “I knew it,” choosing not to report on the brutal realities that contradicted this portrayal.

The Dangers of Exaggeration Claims

Elliot’s actions, particularly his assertion that the reports of atrocities were exaggerated, demonstrate a troubling lack of accountability. He recklessly claimed that the Bulgarians had committed atrocities equal to those of the Turks, despite having no evidence to support such a statement. By prioritizing a narrative that absolved the Turkish government, he dismissed the overwhelming evidence of suffering among the Bulgarian population.

A Call for Accountability

If Sir Henry Elliot can express indignation over alleged exaggerations while ignoring the countless victims—helpless women and innocent children whose remains litter the fields of Bulgaria—he has failed in his duty as an ambassador. Such indifference is unworthy of a representative of a Christian Queen and a generous people. It is imperative that those in positions of power prioritize truth and justice over political alliances, for the consequences of neglect can lead to unimaginable suffering.

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The Duty of Diplomacy A Misguided Approach

Sir Henry Elliot’s role as an ambassador should have been to advocate for the truth and defend human rights, yet he chose to defend the Turkish government unconditionally, ignoring their atrocities. His unwavering support for the Turks blinded him to the suffering of countless individuals. This was a critical failure, especially given the plethora of accurate information available from various sources.

Overlooked Reports from Consuls

Despite his bias, there were still numerous other sources of information available to him. French, German, Austrian, Greek, and Russian Consuls provided accurate weekly reports detailing the situation on the ground. These reports, which Elliot could have accessed, painted a grim picture of the ongoing atrocities. Additionally, German railway officials, who lived near the burning villages and could smell the rotting bodies, submitted their own observations. Yet, Elliot dismissed these reports, believing that they were all part of a Russian conspiracy Private Bulgaria Tours Yachting.

Dismissal of Credible Evidence

Elliot’s skepticism extended even to the reports from American missionaries. He regarded the accounts from these various diplomats and officials as worthless, dismissing them based solely on his unfounded belief that they were all in the pay of Russia. He also received a few reports from Mr. Dupuis, the Consul at Adrianople, which he deemed exaggerated for reasons he never clarified. Instead of investigating these claims further, he opted to ignore them altogether.

Misguided Assurance from the Turkish Porte

In a misguided attempt to confirm his biases, Elliot sent his dragoman to the Porte to inquire about the situation. The dragoman returned with assurances that the Turks were treating the Bulgarians with kindness, portraying them as victims rather than aggressors. Accepting this narrative without question, Elliot smiled and proclaimed, “I knew it,” choosing not to report on the brutal realities that contradicted this portrayal.

The Dangers of Exaggeration Claims

Elliot’s actions, particularly his assertion that the reports of atrocities were exaggerated, demonstrate a troubling lack of accountability. He recklessly claimed that the Bulgarians had committed atrocities equal to those of the Turks, despite having no evidence to support such a statement. By prioritizing a narrative that absolved the Turkish government, he dismissed the overwhelming evidence of suffering among the Bulgarian population.

A Call for Accountability

If Sir Henry Elliot can express indignation over alleged exaggerations while ignoring the countless victims—helpless women and innocent children whose remains litter the fields of Bulgaria—he has failed in his duty as an ambassador. Such indifference is unworthy of a representative of a Christian Queen and a generous people. It is imperative that those in positions of power prioritize truth and justice over political alliances, for the consequences of neglect can lead to unimaginable suffering.

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The Duty of Diplomacy A Misguided Approach

Sir Henry Elliot’s role as an ambassador should have been to advocate for the truth and defend human rights, yet he chose to defend the Turkish government unconditionally, ignoring their atrocities. His unwavering support for the Turks blinded him to the suffering of countless individuals. This was a critical failure, especially given the plethora of accurate information available from various sources.

Overlooked Reports from Consuls

Despite his bias, there were still numerous other sources of information available to him. French, German, Austrian, Greek, and Russian Consuls provided accurate weekly reports detailing the situation on the ground. These reports, which Elliot could have accessed, painted a grim picture of the ongoing atrocities. Additionally, German railway officials, who lived near the burning villages and could smell the rotting bodies, submitted their own observations. Yet, Elliot dismissed these reports, believing that they were all part of a Russian conspiracy Private Bulgaria Tours Yachting.

Dismissal of Credible Evidence

Elliot’s skepticism extended even to the reports from American missionaries. He regarded the accounts from these various diplomats and officials as worthless, dismissing them based solely on his unfounded belief that they were all in the pay of Russia. He also received a few reports from Mr. Dupuis, the Consul at Adrianople, which he deemed exaggerated for reasons he never clarified. Instead of investigating these claims further, he opted to ignore them altogether.

Misguided Assurance from the Turkish Porte

In a misguided attempt to confirm his biases, Elliot sent his dragoman to the Porte to inquire about the situation. The dragoman returned with assurances that the Turks were treating the Bulgarians with kindness, portraying them as victims rather than aggressors. Accepting this narrative without question, Elliot smiled and proclaimed, “I knew it,” choosing not to report on the brutal realities that contradicted this portrayal.

The Dangers of Exaggeration Claims

Elliot’s actions, particularly his assertion that the reports of atrocities were exaggerated, demonstrate a troubling lack of accountability. He recklessly claimed that the Bulgarians had committed atrocities equal to those of the Turks, despite having no evidence to support such a statement. By prioritizing a narrative that absolved the Turkish government, he dismissed the overwhelming evidence of suffering among the Bulgarian population.

A Call for Accountability

If Sir Henry Elliot can express indignation over alleged exaggerations while ignoring the countless victims—helpless women and innocent children whose remains litter the fields of Bulgaria—he has failed in his duty as an ambassador. Such indifference is unworthy of a representative of a Christian Queen and a generous people. It is imperative that those in positions of power prioritize truth and justice over political alliances, for the consequences of neglect can lead to unimaginable suffering.