Lets Learn About Bugs: Dolichovespula Maculata!
Seems like the best place to start Bug of the Day is with my absolute favourite, one that I already know a lil bit about, so researching isn’t going to take that much effort. It’s also known as the bald-faced hornet, which is short for piebald, or sometimes the white-faced hornet; I like it better by another one of its names, the blackjacket wasp!
While it isn’t a true hornet, it is a type of wasp, and has the largest colony potential of the entire dolichovespula genus, containing 400 - 700 workers. They’re omnivorous, and incredibly defensive, but like most wasps not a threat if you aren’t near their nests. Unlike most wasps & bees though, the blackjacket can, aside from just biting & stinging, spray venom from its stinger!
We aren’t entirely sure what physical methods they use to identify eachother, but they are capable of identifying between blackjackets of the same vs different nests. Worker relatedness is pretty high in their species, at 0.75, with workers being more related to their offspring than to the offspring of the queen, at 0.5, but the queen still holds a monopoly over production of drones. It’s believed that many nests will kill their queen so that they can reproduce, and though we haven’t directly observed matricide, we’ve found that in 19 nests examined in the reproductive phase, 14 were without a queen.
They can be identified by the black and white markings on their head, thorax, and abdominal segments. They have smoky wings, and big brown eyes. Of their terga (thick dorsal plates), the first 3 are often completely black. As with other dolichovespula, they have a rather large oculo-malar (between the mandible and eyes) gap. While drones can be recognized by their 13-segmented antennae, and 7-segmented abdomens, the antennae & abdomens of queens & workers is 1 segment shorter, at 12 segments & 6, respectively.