To define a piece of cinema as BL or Boys Love it must be the following: Â
a dramatic live action film or series Â
with a fictional narrative that is dependent upon (and driven by) a romantic relationship between two men (or boys)
that is explicitly stated (to the viewer) and emotionally and/or physically consummated on screen as part of the plot
with at least one half of the couple on a journey of self discovery and/or self acceptance/actualization
If you removed the romantic arc and its consummation from a BL (point #3), the whole story would fall apart. (Which is why I do not think of Manner of Death as BL. Itâs gay romantic suspense, a different genre. Also Not Me. However, like anything genre this is all very much open to interpretation and this is just my opinion.)
Note from the future because MoD keeps coming up:Â I gotta say I waffle all over the place with Manner of Death. Possibly because it was one of the first major shows to push into khun (adult) territory out of Thailand. Now we are getting a lot more, so I might be shifting my feelings as the industry shifts. But I still hold that if you remove the romance arc from that show, it would STILL hold together as a story, since the plot is dependent on the mystery element (not the two characters getting together). That means probubly not BL (since BL should be romance DRIVEN.)Â
But thatâs IMHO, I tend to focus on narrative first, tropes second, marketing third. If you switch that order, MoD becomes a BL since itâs adapted from a y-novel and targeted at the BL audience featuring a branded BL pair. So like everything pop culture, itâs a matter of perspective (and thereâs the directorâs intent to take into account too). 2022 is certainly effecting my perspective.Â
Generally speaking, I personally believe BL should also involve certain tropes and expressions of affection/intimacy specifically derived from the yaoi manga tradition and be produced by an Asian country. An âI know it when I see it,â kinda thing.Â
More on defining the genre to come but first⊠TERMS!Â
Other terms germane to this discussion:
Narrative implication that love (physical and/or emotional and/or intellectual) and therefor connection between two (or more) individuals is important to the well-being and ultimate contentment of the protagonist(s) and success of the story.Â
ROMANCE (aka the modern romance genre or A Romance)Â
A story in which the relationship between two (or more) people drives a plot that ends with them happily together either forever (HEA) or temporarily (HFN). These narratives primarily function as comfort for consumers.Â
While all BLs are romantic, not all BLs are romances.Â
A story in which the intimate friendship between two men drives the plot and where romantic interest between the two is implied (usually using BL derived archetypes and tropes) but never explicitly stated or consummated. Bromances often end amorphously with the status of the pair as a couple left unresolved. Some of these can be considered queerbaiting and some of them are the result of censorship/homophobia.Â
Since BL by definition demands the relationship be explicitly stated as a romantic union (whether consummated or not) bromances =/= BL. That said this term only really comes into play with China and (minimally) South Korea & Japan.Â
A story in which a sexual/physical relationship between two or more people drives the plot that may or MAY NOT end happily. These narratives primarily function as titillation.Â
Very few even high heat BLs are erotica, although plenty of them (particularly from Japan or Taiwan) are erotic.Â
Japanese manga tradition of graphic novels depicting fictional narratives dependent upon (and driven by) a romantic relationship between two men using the heterosexually dysmorphic seme/uke dynamic, originally drawn & scripted for and by women with the intention of entertaining and titillating a specific audience demographic. Yaoi is usually romantic but it is not all technically romance, as the genre does not require a happy ending.Â
All live action yaoi adaptations out of Japan are now considered BL (like 2021âs Given) but not all BL can be considered traditionally yaoi anymore, not even the stuff from Japan.
Can trace its roots back to the Yaoi tradition.
Is produced by Asian countries, in Asian languages, (now) for an international audience. Or at least with the international market as an ultimate hopeful goal.
Is written by, and targeted at, straight adult women. (This IS changing, and is somewhat country dependent.)Â
Does not cater to a queer viewer or contain honest representations of gay/queer characters or sexualities (AKA doesnât have a queer lens).
Utilizes a voyeuristic lens, where the gayness of the characters and their emotional/physical connection (and appearance) is designed to encourage an emotional/physical reaction in an audience made up primarily of non-gays.Â
Contains a differential power dynamic between the protagonists, whether seme/uke or not, that leads to glorification and over-romanticization of obsessiveness, possessiveness, and jealousy that in reality would be deeply problematic for any real relationship.
Much of this has been changing since I originally wrote this post. I think this has to do with exponential growth in BL output since 2019, most specifically from Thailand and Korea.Â
Things audiences expect, so we get a ton of, but actually arenât required to belong to the genre:
Lots of gay romance is BL, but not all BL is gay romance. Plenty of BL ends in death (murder, suicide, accident) or circumstances separating the couple forever. This is because yaoi owes more to erotica than it does to the traditional romance genre (and BL comes originally from yaoi).Â
Prior to 2017 when Thailand seriously entered the scene in a big way and began influencing taste, a statistical majority of BL actually ended unhappily.
2. Younger protagonists.Â
Most BL produced revolves around boys aged 16-26 (hence the âboyâ part of âBoyâs Loveâ). However, origin yaoi contains plenty of stories set in the workplace involving men older than 26 (and plenty of Japanese live action yaoi adaptations continue to do so, 2020s Cherry Magic is a classic BL but the protag is 30). So one might amend this to:Â
Expect a certain amount of innocence or naiveté in at least one half of any given BL couple.
3. Character archetypes such as:Â
seme, uke, faen fatal, cinnamon role, tsundere, wise mentor, absent family, grumpy + sunshine pairings.Â
5. Romance tropes such as:
 long term pining, friends to lovers, enemies to lovers, fated mates, fake boyfriends, thereâs only one bed, forced cohabitation, meet cute, childhood crush.Â
6. Problematic tropes that come from yaoi such as:Â
heterosexual dysmorphia, gay for you, stepbrothers, obsession, codependency, salvation, dubious consent & non-consent (rape), whipping boy/ownership.Â
7. Visual tropes which I track on this blog like:Â
wound tending, hair drying, piggyback rides, and so many moreâŠÂ
While most BL will have some of these elements, a drama doesnât have to have all 7 elements to be considered BL.Â
Consistently produces small amounts of BL since 2005, can now be divided entirely into two types:
1. Cinematic BL with high production values, traditional Japanese style atmospheric cinematography, more actually gay narratives and no guaranteed happy endings, these can run the gambit from a classic romance like Restart After Come Back Home, a mature reunion romance like His the movie, or a erotic piece like Cornered Mouse Dreams of Cheese.
2. Live action yaoi with workmanlike production values, romcom and slapstick trappings, which are exactly what theyâre billed as and have all the things we would expect.
Traditional highly staged and stylize yaoi filming and framing techniques.
High school, university, or workplace settings featuring coming of age and coming out narratives.
Innocent sexuality with perhaps a kiss or two but probably nothing more.
Either dark (depressing) or light (happy) endings.
More about the history of Japanese BL here, plus my top ten picks.Â
BL expectations of Thailand
Mass producing BL since 2016, exponential growth.
Strong seme/uke dynamic, fetishization of height difference.
High school or university set and linguistically nested in an informal (guu/mueng) or semi-formal phi/nong system. (So very little polite formal or adult register speech. And therefore very few fully adult characters.)
Coming of age and coming out narratives.
Physical consummation of the romance that at least involves some very good kisses.
Favorite tropes include: sing your feelings, I saw you feed him, wound tending, hugs & cuddles, cheek & forehead kisses, shoulder sleeping, under the clear umbrella, and sponge bath.
Responsible for the pink milk, gear jewelry, engineering smock, and shrimp pealing = gay markers.Â
Can be divided into higher production Thai BL versus Thai BL pulps.Â
Poor to average production & post production value.
More about the history of Thai BL here, plus my top ten picks. Also I have a massive Thai BL master post.Â
Has engaged in inconsistent production since 2007, been massively ramping up since 2019.
Weak semi/uke dynamic (unless itâs a high school setting).
Strategic use of yaoi tropes/archetypes and stylistic filming sequences, very thoughtful use of visual tropes paired to narrative elements.
Older actors play younger protagonists.
A wide range of settings beyond high school and university.
Sanitized sexuality with a marked preference for chaste kisses at the very end.
Will occasionally include BL or GL as a subplot in het Kdramas. Will occasionally trot out a bromance in non-romance Kdramas.Â
Usually happy endings for their explicitly marketed BL.
High production & post production values.
More about the history of South Korean BL here, plus my top ten picks. Â
BL expectations of Taiwan
Minimal but consistent production since 2017.Â
Weak semi/uke dynamic, masc gay representation, less homophobia.Â
Representations of marriage equality.Â
Overuse of traditional yaoi tropes now considered problematic like stepbrothers, dubious consent, and stalker behavior.
Little to no yaoi filming or staging techniques.
Older characters playing younger protagonists becauseâŠ
Will include BL as a side plot in het dramas.
Happy ending not guaranteed.
Average production & post production values.
More about the history of Taiwanese BL here, plus my top ten picks.Â
Consistent and increasing production since 2012, decline and reworking into bromances since 2016âČs increase in censorship.Â
Responsible for the flute or fan = gay marker.Â
Bromances since 2018 (based on originally m/m novels)
Little to no yaoi filming or staging, China prefers its own stylistic filming traditions.
Very high quality production & post production values.
Overuse of traditional yaoi tropes especially those now considered problematic like whipping boy, stepbrothers, obsession, trauma, and rape.
Average to poor production & post production values.
More about the history of Chinese BL here, plus my top ten picks.Â
BL expectations of the Philippines & VietnamÂ
Are not yet fixed because they are so new to the scene.
So far they tend to avoid university settings and fixed seme/uke dynamics.
They tend to have more honest queer rep and depictions of class struggles, family life, and gay domesticity.
Physical consummation of the romance at least involves one or two very good kisses.
Poor production & post production values (with a few noted exceptions).
Where do I draw my data?Â
Ongoing spreadsheet of 400 BLs and counting that I have watched. A professional relationship with cinema, the film industry, and narrative analysis. This post (as many of mine are) is from a marketing analyst perspective, which means my interest is in audience expectations, demographics, analytics, statistics, and market share. Your emotional feels about these dramas are yours to own and experience, but, sadly, do not count as relevant data. Sorry peanut.Â
BL Wave Data - 2020 Quick Summary
Have BL Series Gotten Shorter Over the Years?
BL STARTER PACK - Watchlist Introduction to BL 101
These are to my taste so happy endings only. I also tried to pick stuff I think of as most palatable to a western audience so with the least amount of dubious consent and problematic tropes.
STAGE ONE - softness + classic archetypes + ultra romantic + high production values
Semantic Error (repping for Korea on Viki)Â
A Tale of A Thousand Stars (repping for Thailand on YouTube)
Cherry Magic (repping for Japan find it Indie Subbed)Â
To My Star (repping for Korea, watch the movie version on Viki)
Be Loved In House: I Do (repping for Taiwan on Viki)
Gameboys (repping for the Philippines on Netflix)
These 5 will also give you a good idea of the different styles of BL from the different countries.
STAGE TWO - complex story + some roughness + classic tropes
These ones all have a bit of a barrier to entry for various reasons. But once you kinda know what you are in for with BL, they will satisfy and a few of them might become your favorites. These ARE my favorites. I like a little edge.
Until We Me Again (Thai on YouTube also Viki) trigger warning for the original meaning of the term, suicide & death. I hate HATE unhappy endings and this is still my favorite Thai BL. The main couple on a second chances, reincarnation, soulmates arc has a happy ending. And UWMA features Thailandâs most famous side couple. Itâs the main coupleâs previous selves who end sad. Just be aware going in and you should be fine, unless you suffer from triggers in which case pass. But I have to say this is one of the best queer romance stories ever filmed. EVER.
2gether + Still 2gether (Thailand on YouTube) if UWMA sounds like too much for you then you might be in for this brand of toothsome fake relationship ridiculousness.Â
Color Rush (Korea on Viki you want the movie version) a genius piece of filmmaking that uses magical realism as an allegory for the queer experience. Possibly my favorite BL of all time.
Long Time No See (Korea on GaGa) - more violent and higher heat than Korea normally goes, but this will rep for Strongberry, theyâre the premier Korean queer production house and every BL stan should know about them because reasons.
Seven Days (Japan - grey Seven Days: Monday - Thursday, Seven Days: Friday - Sunday) - one of the best live action yaoi mangas ever made. Hands down my favorite Japanese BL.
HIStory 2: Crossing the Line (Taiwan on Viki) - has the stepbrother trope because Taiwan never met a problematic trope it didnât want to play with, but the main couple are fucking ADORABLE.Â
We Best Love 1 & 2 (Taiwan sadly only on WeTV) -Â is one of my comfort rewatches, so know that about my taste going forward.
You Are Ma Boy (Vietnam on YouTube) - Vietnam is a baby in the field but this will give you an idea of their style. (I talk more about it here.) or @heretherebedork has a pinned master post.
My Day the series (Pinoy, was on YouTube not sure where itâs got to) just a ton of fun, my favorite offering from the Philippines. Yes, above Gameboys.
Utsukushii Kare AKA My Beautiful Man (Japan GaGa) - one of the best most Japanese BLs to release in the last decade. It used seriously old school yaoi derived problematic and kinky tropes, like whipping boy, for a truly classic piece that also manages to hit up themes of communication, consent, and self acceptance. Itâs a wonderful BL but uniquely dirty and harsh, in the best possible way.Â
LINKIES TO MORE RESOURCES POSTS FOR UNDERSTANDING BL
First you have been reading my BL MASTER POST: WHAT IS BL?Â
Hereâs my: BL Foundations Syllabus: BL 101 Film Course - An Introduction to the Genre
BL Review & Information Content Providers/Blogs OFF TumblrÂ
How do they determine who will be the Seme or Uke?Â
Blushing Maiden Trope & Seme/Uke sex negative BL
Only I care - femme fatal in BL
BL Bingo or Drinking Game TROPES LIST - most of the visual tropes I talk about with links
Stepbrother Trope & the Nature of Taboo in BL
Whipping Boy Trope (Utsukushii Kare example)Â
Once popular tropes that have died
Tropes that are seme/uke dysmorphic - visual tropes that when executed in a BL tend to always favor either the seme or the uke
Heat & Angst in BL + Terms Explained - terms explained high heat, high angst, dub con, non con, seme/uke D/s tsundere
Religious representation, setting, and narrative devices in BL
BLs With The Best Stories -Â Top 10 BL Narratives with best story structure and scripts and how I assess quality of these elementsÂ
Central Aperture Framing - Linear framing using pathways and apertures to draw focus to the central figure(s).
Peekaboo Framing - When the director uses doorways, windows, mirrors, or other apertures to give the audience the impression of looking at something they maybe shouldnât.
Yaoi filming, staging & framing techniques in BL
Cultural Differences in BL
History of BL why this kind of romance is popular in Asia but not the West?
ASIAN GL History of GL - Popularity Struggles
Top 10 BLs Out of Thailand + History of the genre there
Top 10 BLs Out of Japan + History of the genre there
Top 10 BLs Out of China + History of the genre there
Top 10 BLs Out of Korea + History of the genre there
Top 10 BLs Out of Taiwan + History of the genre there
Taiwan futzes with seme/uke and Taiwan HIStory series damaging tropes, why? and BL in Taiwan & Gay Marriage
Industry BL (gets me either salty or into data)
Have BL Series Gotten Shorter Over the Years?
BL Wave Data - 2020 Quick Summary is the industry growing? How fast?
Is BL Taking Off? Growth in terms of audience, investment, international market penetration between 2020-today (end of 2021)
BL - The Second Coming: Your favorite BL is getting a second season! Should you be scared or excited? Letâs look at data.
Workshopping High Heat in BL
Actors & Speculation about Sexual Identity
Chinese mf censorship, fight me
Queerbaiting, bromances & The Devil JudgeÂ
Will BL Get More Honestly Queer?Â
10 Thai BL Fun Facts - Crazy/weird/random/awesome things I know about the BL world
I have a ton of stuff about Thai Bl and the language/culture, and the various tropes individually, but in an effort to make this concise (insert maniacal laughter) Iâll leave those off.
BL Docs & NonFic Resources on YT
Strongberry on BL (Korea)
TED Ex BangKok (growing up gay in Thailand)
Perth on working on a BL show (Thailand, Aussie perspective)
This post is sorta kept up to date, but only half heartedly. Probubly got through 2021.Â