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The Monster Compilation of Free Online Resources for Ancient Mediterranean Studies - Update
Updated 25 July 2019
There are three parts: This is Part I.
PART II is here
PART III is here
Ancient Mediterranean studies, also known as Classics and Classical studies,ย is the interdisciplinary study of the ancient Mediterranean world, including archaeology, language, literature, culture, history, philosophy, religion, and archaeology.
A tremendous amount of scholarly information is available online without a paywall, including archaeology, art, atlases, biography, culture, epigraphy, history, languages, law, literature, magic, medicine, music, mythology, organizations and associations, papyrology, philosophy, poetry, popular culture, religion, and sports. While all of the sites listed offer open access material, a few do require payment for full access.
This update is double the size of the previous versionย (which is why itโs split into three parts). Hopefully the change from alphabetical order to breakdown by topics will be seen as an improvement.
Please feel free to advise me of any wonky links, to suggest additions or improvements.
I hope you will let me know if you find this compilation enjoyable or useful.
๐บ Featured art (above):
Muse reading a volumen (scroll), at the left an open chest.ย Attic red-figure lekythos, circs. 435-425 BCE. From Boeotia. Collection of the Louvre Museum, Paris. Photo by Jastrow (2006) via WIkimedia Commons (here)
Part I Contents:
Other metasites
Academic Journals
Archaeology
Art, Architecture, and Images
Associations
Bibliographies
Blogs and other sites of interest in the Classics
Epigraphy and Papyrology
Gender and Sexuality
Other metasites
The metasites on this list contain many links, and their contents may overlap somewhat with this compilation - and with each other. Theyโre worth sifting through, though, for unique focus and unexpected gems.
AWOL: The Ancient World Online - Notice and comment on open access material relating to the ancient world.
Bryn Mawr Classical Review (BMCR) - timely open-access, peer-reviewed reviews of current scholarly work in the field of classical studies, including archaeology.
Catalog - OpenEdition Books - more than 7,000 free ebooks in academic subjects including the Arts and Humanities, Archaeology, and History.
The Classics Pages - ย well over 1000 pages of news, information, games and controversy about the life, literature, philosophy, art and archaeology of the ancient world of Greece & Rome.
Classics Resources - a list posted at WordPress.
Digital Classicist Wiki - ย events, bibliographies, publications (print and electronic).
Electronic Resources for Classicists - The Second Generation Developed and maintained by Maria Pantelia, University of California, Irvine.
Google Scholar
KIRKE - Catalog of Internet Resources for Classical Philology This is a German language site
Perseus Digital Library - a digital infrastructure for the humanities in general and classics in particular.
Pomeorium - classics links, databases, and antiquarian and used specialist books.
The Stoa Consortium - news and announcements for classicists.
UC Press E-Books Collection, 1982-2004 - almost 2,000 free books from academic presses on a range of topics, including art, science, history, music, religion, and fiction.
Academic Journals
Most classics-related journals available online can be found on the following sites:
Classics Resources in Internet
DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals
Hacking Education: Download Research Papers and Scientific Articles for free
Journals in Classics that have a substantial on-line presence
JSTOR - digital library of academic journals, books, and primary sources.
TOCS-IN (Tables of Contents of Journals of Interest to Classicists) - searchable ย tables of contents of a selection of Classics, Near Eastern Studies, and Religion journals.
Archaeology
The AJA Learning Resources - an accessible starting point for those interested in a career in archaeology as well as a place to browse archaeological projects, databases, and image and bibliographic resources.
The AMPHORAS Project
Archaeopress Access Archaeologyย - monographs, conference proceedings, catalogues of archaeological material, excavation reports, doctoral theses and more.
The Archaeological Atlas of Antiquity
Archaeological Atlas of Coptic Literature by PAThs
Archaeology Expert -profiles of famous archaeologists, the basics of excavation with a glossary of terms, a variety of specializations within archaeology, key articles on important finds and artifacts, and information on how and where to find work on an archaeological dig.
Archaeology in the Community - a nonprofit organization that works to increase community awareness of the benefits of archaeology and history through public events, provide archaeology enrichment programs to students of all ages, and provides a professional development to college students interested in pursuing careers in archaeology.
The Archaeology Podcast Network - an educational resource with at least 18 shows, over 20 volunteer expert hosts, and an amazing back catalogue of content.
Breaking Ground: Women in Old World Archaeology - searchable database of pioneering women archaeologists.
Digital Archaeological Record
Digital Atlas of Ancient Egypt - a digital cultural map of archaeological sites in Egypt (ranging from the Predynastic to the Roman period.
Herculaneum in Pictures
Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology (OREA) - a permanent institute at the Austrian Academy of Sciences.
SEAD, the Strategic Environmental Archaeology Database - past climates, environments and human impacts for environmental archaeology and Quaternary palaeoecology.
The Theban Mapping Project - comprehensive archaeological database of Thebes.
Troy - a collaboration between the University of Cincinnatiโs Center for the Electronic Reconstruction of Historical and Archaeological Sites and the Troia Projekt of the University of Tรผbingen, Germany.
The Levantine Ceramics Project (LCP)
Pompeii in Pictures ย - A complete photographic plan of ancient Pompeii as it is today.
The Portable Antiquities Scheme website - online database of archaeological finds made by members of the public in Wales and England. Also, a guide to coins and Bronze Age objects.
Security recommendations for historically important archaeological sites from ASIS International.
Survey Archaeology - ย open knowledge base and communication platform for education and research regarding archaeological field-survey in the Mediterranean with information on projects, researchers, theory, methods and practice of survey archaeology and related areas, such as computer applications in archaeology. Home of the ArchaeoSurveyor project.
Trowelblazers - a celebration of women archaeologists, paleontologists and geologists.
Virtual Tours of Archaeological Museums
UNESCO World Heritage Sites
U.S. Committee of the Blue Shield - a charitable, not-for-profit, non-governmental organization committed to the protection of cultural property worldwide during armed conflict.
The World Wide Web Library of African Archaeology - news, maps, bibliographies, and more.
Art, Architecture, and Images
A Day on the Acropolis in search of the goddess Athena
AEGARON - Ancient Egyptian Architecture Onlineย - provides vetted and standardized architectural drawings of a selection of ancient Egyptian buildings.ย
AIEMA (International Association for the Study of Ancient Mosaics)
Antinous - Virtual Museum of portrait sculpture from throughout the world.
Art History Resources on the Web
Art Images for College Teaching
ASPROM (The Association for the Study and Preservation of Roman Mosaics) - ancient mosaics, and especially the Roman mosaics of Britain.
The Beazley Archive - the worldโs largest collection of images of ancient figure-decorated pottery.
Body Language: How to Talk to Students about Nudity in Artย
The Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance - a ย database registering antique monuments known in the Renaissance together with the related Renaissance documents in form of texts and image, including the antique monuments known to Johann Joachim Winckelmann and his contemporaries (Corpus Winckelmann) as well as the reception and adaption of antique art of the Middle Ages (Corpus Medii Aevi)
The Cesnola Collection of Cypriot Art: Stone Sculpture | MetPublications | The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Classical Art Research Centre - Oxford University. Includes the Beazely Archive of ancient Greek painted pottery, Pottery database, Gem research, and Terracottas.
Colors of Classical Art - artworks from the perspective of color, an aspect of ancient art that is often under-represented in art historical literature.
Coptic Textiles from Ancient Egypt
The Corpus Signorum Imperii Romani (CSIR) - ย sculptural heritage of the Roman Empire.
Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum - a series of high-quality catalogs of mostly ancient Greek painted pottery in collections around the world.
Digital Hadrianโs Villa Project - art database
The False Door - an e-book about Roman wall painting
Fayum Mummy Portraits - database from the University of Manchester/ Manchester Museum
Find Images - Selected Online Museum Collections: ย These museums have been selected for the quality and scope of their online collections.
Getty Publications Virtual Library - Free digital backlist titles from the Getty Publications Archives
The Global Egyptian Museum
Greek Vase Shapes Teaching Poster - presented by the Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha, Nebraska.
Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
The Image of the Black in Western Art
Introduction to Roman Architecture - video from Open Yale Courses
Last Statues of Antiquity Database
Media Center for Art History - Columbia University
MetPublications | The Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Minoan Epiphany - Introduction Xeste 3 fresco
Panoply Vase Animation Project
Pigments Through the Ages
Real ? Virtual: Representing Architecture in Time and Spaceย Panoramic history of architecture from Columbia University
The Online Database of Ancient Art
Visualizing Statues in the Late Antique Roman Forum
World Myths and Legends in Art - presented by the Minneapolis Institute of Arts
Associations
The following list contains associations and classics-related journals with online sources not mentioned in the links above.
American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works
Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology (ACUA) - an international advisory body working to educate scholars, governments, sport divers, and the general public about underwater archaeology and the preservation of underwater resources.
The American Classical League - access to the latest grant information, comprehensive teaching materials, and job placement resources for Classics teachers and teachers of classical studies and Greek and Latin languages in the classroom.
The Archaeological Society at Athens
ASOR: The American Schools of Oriental Research - supports and encourages the study of the cultures and history of the Near East, from the earliest times to the present.
Association of Ancient Historians - Ancient History professionals in the United States and Canada.
Association for the Study of Women & Mythology
Athens Institute for Education & Research
Australasian Classical Receptions Studies Network
The Australasian Society for Classical Studies
Center for Studies in Oral Tradition
The Classical Association of Canada ย
The Classical Association of New England - many activities and resources, including the annual meeting in March, scholarships, discretionary grants, CANEโs own press, and New England Classical Journal (NECJ).
Classical Association of the Empire State
The Classical Association of the Middle West and South - Classical Resources on the Internet.
Comparative Mythology - published by the International Association for Comparative Mythology
The European Association for Archaeologists - for archaeologists and other related or interested individuals or bodies in Europe and beyond!
The Historical Association - furthering the study and teaching and enjoyment of history in all guises and forms: professional, public and popular.
International Society for Studies in Oral Tradition
Journal of Ancient History - covers all aspects of ancient history and culture from the Archaic Period to Late Antiquity (roughly the ninth century BCE through the eighth century CE). A few free articles are available online.
Kosmos Society - an online community for Classical Studies
MOISA: The International Society for the Study of Greek and Roman Music and its Cultural Heritage
Postclassicisms - a global research network dedicated to redefining the study of classical antiquity
Reception Study Society
The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies - founded in 1910 to advance the understanding of ancient Rome and the Roman Empire. Publishes The ย Journal of Roman Studies.
The Society for Classical Studies - founded as the American Philological Association in 1869 for the study of ancient Greek and Roman languages, literatures, and civilizations. Offers teaching resources for K-12 and higher education.
Society for Early Modern Classical Reception
Society of Black Archaeologists - advocates to ensure the proper treatment of African and African diaspora material culture, raises and address concerns related to African peoples worldwide, and highlights the past and present achievements and contributions people of African descent have made to the field of archaeology.
The Sussex Egyptology Society (SES) - Egyptology-related news, lectures, and links.
Bibliographies
Ancient World Open Bibliographies - Notice and comment on open access material relating to the ancient world. Lots of bibliographies and a companion blog
Annotated Bibliography of Women in Classical Mythology
Cognitive Classics bibliography
Online Egyptological Bibliography (OEB) - an online collection of references in Egyptological literature, including records and abstracts from Annual Egyptological Bibliography, combined with Bibliographie Altรคgypten.
Nestor - an international bibliography of Aegean studies, Homeric society, Indo-European linguistics, and related fields.
ORB Online Encyclopedia - Online Bibliographies for Late Antiquity
Projekt Dyabola - Bibliographies on the subjects of Classical Archaeology, Etruscology, Minoan Archaeology and Prehistory. Other databases include museum collections. ย WordPress Blog, Twitter
Scholarly Bibliographies Available Online: Classical Antiquity
Blogs and Other Sites of Interest in the Classics
Atlantides: Feed Aggregators for Ancient Studies
Classics and Social Justice
Classics At the Intersections
Classics for All - UK-based charity offers grants to support the study of Latin, Ancient History, Classical Civilization and Ancient Greek in state schools. Book reviews and Classics blog.
Classics Confidential โ Podcasting Classicists, Sharing Research
Classical Studies Support
Database of Classical Scholars
Eidolon - an online journal for scholarly writing about Classics that isnโt formal scholarship.
History From Below โ Musings on Daily Life in the Ancient and Early Medieval Mediterranean
Everyday Orientalism
Itinera Podcast
Institute of Classical Studies Blog
Mary Beard: A Donโs Life
ORIGINS Current Events in Historical Perspective Published by the History Departments at The Ohio State University and Miami University
rogueclassicism โ quidquid bene dictum est ab ullo, meum est
Sententiae Antiquae - a Classics blogย
The Sportula - microgrants for Classics students. Also twitter.com/libertinopatren
University of Michigan Press - open access books in Classical Studies
Women of Ancient History - a crowdsourced list of female ancient historians
Epigraphy and Papyrology
ancientscripts.com a compendium of world-wide writing systems from prehistory to today.
Associations in the Greco-Roman World - an expanding collections of inscriptions, papyri, and other sources in translation.
The American Society of Greek and Latin Epigraphy (ASGLE)- a non-profit organization whose purpose is to further research in, and the teaching of, Greek and Latin epigraphy in North America. Includes online resources, abbreviations, and bookshelf.ancientscripts.com a compendium of world-wide writing systems from prehistory to today.
Ancient Egyptian scripts (hieroglyphs, hieratic and demotic)
Attic Inscriptions Online (AIO) - ย inscriptions of ancient Athens and Attica in English translation.
CLAROS - Concordance of Greek inscriptions
Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) - a collection of squeezes, photographs and bibliographical references, sorted by inscription-number.
Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative
Dartmouth Ancient Books Lab โ Historical Background and โHow-Toโ Projects in Paleography, Papyrology, and Codicology
The Digital Dead Sea Scrolls
The Duke Papyrus Archive - electronic access to texts about and images of nearly 1400 papyri from ancient Egypt.
EDCS Epigraphik Datenbank Clauss - Slaby
Epigraphic Database Heidelberg (EDH) - Latin and bilingual inscriptions from the provinces of the Roman Empire contains about 74.300 inscriptions at present.
Epigraphic Database Roma (EDR) - Greek and Latin inscriptions up to the 7th century A.D.
Epigraphical database of Greek inscriptions - from the Packard Humanities Institute
Epigraphical database of Latin inscriptions - Manfred Clauss / Anne Kolb / Wolfgang A. Slaby
The Europeana Network of Ancient Greek and Latin Epigraphy (EAGLE)
Gnomon Bibliographic Database - a searchable database of Latin inscriptions.
Greek and Latin Inscriptions - a collection of digitized squeezes (accurate paper impressions) of inscriptions from Greece, Italy, and Macedonia
Hispania Epigraphica - Roman inscriptions from the Iberian peninsula.
The Inscriptions of Roman Tripolitania
Mysteries at Eleusis - Images of ancient inscriptions on stone from Eleusis.
Online Resources for the Study of Greek Epigraphy
POxy: Oxyrhynchus Online - A guide and online database for the Oxyrhynchus Papyri.
Papyri.info - The Papyrological Navigator (PN) and the Papyrological Editor (PE)
The Packard Humanities Institute - Searchable Greek Inscriptions
The Papyrology Homepage
Roman Inscriptions of Britain Online
St Andrews Corpus - Egyptian texts
The Thesaurus Linguae Graecaeยฎ (subscription)and The Abridged TLGยฎ (open access) - digital library of Greek literature from Antiquity to the present.
Unicode fonts for ancient scripts
U.S. Epigraphy Project - ย a database of some 750 Greek and 1,700 Latin inscriptions in the USA, with links to search englines and epigraphy sites.
Vindolanda Tablets Online - a searchable online edition of the tablets, an introduction to the tablets and their context, ย and a guide to aspects of the tabletsโ content.
Gender and Sexuality
A Picture of Women Weaving in the History, Art, and Literature of Ancient Greece - Mansfield University
Diotima - Materials for the study of women and gender in the ancient world
Feminae: Medieval Women and Gender Index
Homosexuality in Greece and Rome: a sourcebook of basic documents in translation
People with a History: An Online Guide to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Trans* History - Links to primary sources and papers
Women in the Ancient World - the status, role and daily life of women in the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Rome, Athens, Israel and Babylonia
Women in Classical Athens by By Jรธrgen Christian Meyer
Womenโs History Sourcebook - primary and secondary sources for time periods including Ancient Mesopotamia, Greece and Rome
Womenโs Life in Greece and Rome by by Mary R. Lefkowitz and Maureen B. Fan
Solar Edge.
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Some little things I've learned over a decade of witchcraft:
If you are feel called to work but are tired/drained, sit outside. Take in all the energies around you. Nature can help charge you
Every witch does a little bit of a bunch of types of magic but sticks mainly to one or two in general. You usually won't be eclectic forever. You'll find what magics work best with you.
Never be lazy or cut corners with spirits. Always be respectful and always tell them to leave when you're done
When you see a plant or ingredient with a long list of properties, there are different things at play. Season of collection, the part of the plant, the health of the plant, etc all play a role in impacting which properties it will carry.
Don't call on spirits unless you have confidence and control
Be careful with sea/water magic. Get into it gently and slowly until you have the energy figured out because it can get out of hand quickly.
Adding a little pinch of magic into your breakfast can make a major difference in your day.
Your personal emotions/feelings over something will impact a work
Planting some plants is good, not only to have a garden, but the dirt helps cleanse you too. Get all dirty and muddy. It's good for ya
Not all trees are nice
The more you listen to your intuition, the easier it will be to tell it apart from your anxieties and worries
Incense is very easy to make which is why it's usually cheap to buy. But you can find a million tutorials online on how to make your own personal incense which is great if you want a spell to take effect over a while but also want to infuse the fire energy in it.
The more you work with something the better feel you get for it. Cinnamon goes in almost everything i cook and most of my spells because me and cinnamon just get right along
Your path is yours and no one else's. It will look like yours and no one else's
I don't know whether any of you guys have looked outside lately but it's leaves as hell out there
AND the moon
300 year old leather star map by the Skidi, one of the four bands of the Pawnee tribe. The Skidi Pawnee historically lived on the Central Plains of Nebraska and Kansas.
The Ultimate Deity Journal Guide
Similar to my grimoire guide, this is a guide on deity journals.
What Is A Deity Journal?
A deity journal is a journal dedicated to a deity. Itโs filled with information, offerings, devotional pieces, etc. If you like journaling or canโt give other physical offerings (like food, libations, etc.), itโs one of the best offerings out there.
What Do I Use For It?
Usually deity journals are physical journals and notebooks. Binders and folders work as well. I have seen deity journals online, using things like Notion or Google Docs. Those are a little harder to format, but are great if you donโt have a notebook or arenโt a fan of physical journals.
So, What Do I Put In It?
Devotional Artwork
Devotional Playlists
Pressed/Dried Flowers or Herbs
Prayers
Devotional Poems or Stories
Myths
Recipes
Stickers
Experiences or Dreams
Photos
The Basics (Name, Epithets, Domains, Family, Associations, Holidays, Symbols, Sacred Days, Sacred Animals, Etc.)
Spells/Rituals That You Want To Or Have Done With Them
Offerings And Devotional Act Ideas
Journal Prompts
Magazine/Book Cutouts
Hymns
Shopping List (Things You Want To Buy For Them)
Fabric Scraps
Letters To Them
Divination Readings With Them
Coins Or Other Currencies
How You Celebrate (Or Plan To) Holidays Or Sacred Days With Them
UPGs
Altar Plans (Drawings Or Descriptions Of Altar Ideas)
Incense, Herb, And Oil Blends
Drops Of Wax, Wine, Etc.
Seed Packets
Blessings
Charms
Charm/Spell Bags
Travel Plans (Places You Want To Go For Your Deity)
Maps That Remind You of Them
Sigils Dedicates To Them
Superstitions Related To Them
Research On Their Birth Place
Devotional Jewelry Charging Station
Affirmations Dedicated/Influenced By Them
Small Sticks Or Branches
Book Annotations
Divination Techniques Related To Them
Relationship Goals (Better Communication, More Signs, Etc.)
Their Associated Rune/Tarot Card/Etc.
Teas And Tea Blends
Folklore/Mythology Entities Related To Them
Vision Board
Goals
Diary Entries And Rants
Taglocks
Paper/Straw/Etc. Dolls
Doodles
References/Further Reading
Things you could put in a devotional journal
โขTheir names in Ancient Greek, transliterated, translated, and pronunciation โขEpithets (traditional and upg) โขFavourite myths โขRetelling/interpretation of the myths โขOther information about Them โขA photo or drawing of how They appear to you or that you think of as resembling Them โขDelphic maxims โขKey words in both languages and what they mean โขAn altar page or photo of an altar โขHymns, prayers, poems and stories โขPictures of other things youโve made for Them โขUpdates on skills youโre learning in worship of Them โขLetters you write to Them about anything at all (could just be telling them about your day or whatever) โขSpecific tarot spreads โขReadings and conversations youโve had with Them โขSacred animals/plants/colours/food/symbols etc (or just ones that make you think of Them) โขDrawings/paintings/collages for Them โขExperiences and encounters โขWorship days/holidays/celebrations โขIdeas for things you could do/make/give in offering (including low spoons devotional ideas) โขPlaylists โขBooks and movies that remind you of them โขAesthetic and word associations lists โขPlaces that remind you of Them โขAny other upg stuff โขQuotes โขAny signs or dreams etc you think might have been from them โขChecklists for things you want to do for Them or have done and want to do again โขStick in pictures or dried flowers โขCharities or other causes you can give to
*Iโm mostly posting this for myself just to have the list saved but if anyone has any other ideas please feel free to add to it! I love having new things to add to my journals
The forgotten ones: on honouring obscure gods
I adore obscure gods. The only issue with loving obscure gods is that they are obscure; not much information is available. Some gods have entire cultus that span across the ancient world with an abundance of information. Others, however, are sometimes only mentioned in an epic a few times or are only found in rare archaeological records. Honouring an obscure god can mean a lot of devotional work to honour them fully.
Experience will be the guiding factor. After worshipping obscure gods for a while, itโs become easier for me to honour them properly. Trust that moving time will teach you what you need โ you can do it. Now, here are my tips for honouring obscure deities.
Obtain every scrap of information
Every detail matters. There is bound to be something to help you understand this obscure deity. Whether thatโs directly seeing the artifacts that are recorded, reading academic interpretations, seeing them in texts, etc. Analysing their depictions in art will be especially useful, as that is how that deity was envisioned and worshipped.
When it comes to very contradictory interpretations by scholars, it may be helpful to make your own or apply UPG to come to your conclusion.
Study the world that worshipped them
The ancient world was very different and similar to our own. All events need to be put in context. The ways a god is worshipped may change, evolve, or be removed entirely. Or perhaps they just appeared in a particular period, never to be worshiped until the modern day. I recommend this book series, the Routledge Worlds series, which covers the world โ ancient or modern โ across the expanses.
However, always remember to keep the evidence in the context of the times. Callimachusโ hymns will not be the same as Homeros, for example. They are removed by hundreds of years and long-lost contexts. The date, location, historical events โ all of it must be kept in mind when analysing data.
Use general/typical offerings when beginning
A big hurdle in worship is knowing what to offer. An easy way to avoid this is to give โgeneralโ offerings. In helpol, this can be wine, for example. Water is a very versatile choice too. Each religion will have its particular codes and rules, so knowing these rules and applying them to the obscure deity you are trying to worship will help. However, most of all, you will eventually gain the UPG you need to know what to offer.
If possible, see what the worshippers offered historically.ย A great way to find out what to offer is to find what they were offered in the past. You will likely find this information in the papers about the deity. Zoological and archaeological records may contain trace details of food and other devotional gifts.
Take note of all UPG
Every scrap of UPG will be helpful. Others may present upg around a similar figure, or you may develop a strong SPG. These personal tidbits of gnosis will make up a large majority of your worship. Keep the knowledge somewhere where you will keep track of it โ a blog, a notebook, etc. It would be a poor choice to let the UPG be forgotten (though if you forget, that is alright โ forgetting is natural and not your fault. Do not blame yourself). This tip also applies to SPG, especially if it comes from outside groups or people.
Study Syncretisms
The process of syncretism can reveal a lot about a deityโs character. Particularly in regards to who they are syncretised with. Historical syncretisms made sense to those worshipping the god, so what did they know what we do not? Knowledge can be gathered via historical syncretism and why it occurred.
Historical syncretism could also lead to you reconstructing that very syncretism. It all depends upon you and your lovely path.
Identify who they were worshipped with and why
Another clue is who a deity is worshipped with. Was the god worshipped with a spouse, their child, a sibling, or because of a shared domain/association? It all depends upon context and sometimes interpretation. When reconstructing worship, continuing that shared worship may be an excellent option to honour this obscure deity.
Try to identify associations
Deity information lists often include their associations. They show what the deity likes, wear, etc. Associations are helpful to know when seeking to honour a god. Finding these associations can help you develop worship and altars. Common associations are weapons and accessories - they can be seen in art and sometimes cultus. You will most likely find a deityโs associations in art, epithets if they have them, and offerings.
Ask the deity themself
Who is better to ask how to worship the deity than the deity in question? Communication is key. You could even pray for more information to come your way about them. Devotional work is ultimately about the god in question, so definitely make sure to ask them and see if they reply.
I hope my tips from my experience can help you build your worship. As you learn and grow, you will honour the obscure deity or deities you are researching. From personal experience, I can tell you it is well worth it.
TLDR; worshipping obscure gods is beautiful but can be difficult. My tips to help you develop a praxis are:ย obtain every scrap of information,ย study the world that worshipped them,ย use general/typical offerings when beginning, take note of all upg, try to identify associations, and ask the deity themself.
wordpress linkย |ย like my posts? Considerย following meย to support my content!
Some little things I've learned over a decade of witchcraft:
If you are feel called to work but are tired/drained, sit outside. Take in all the energies around you. Nature can help charge you
Every witch does a little bit of a bunch of types of magic but sticks mainly to one or two in general. You usually won't be eclectic forever. You'll find what magics work best with you.
Never be lazy or cut corners with spirits. Always be respectful and always tell them to leave when you're done
When you see a plant or ingredient with a long list of properties, there are different things at play. Season of collection, the part of the plant, the health of the plant, etc all play a role in impacting which properties it will carry.
Don't call on spirits unless you have confidence and control
Be careful with sea/water magic. Get into it gently and slowly until you have the energy figured out because it can get out of hand quickly.
Adding a little pinch of magic into your breakfast can make a major difference in your day.
Your personal emotions/feelings over something will impact a work
Planting some plants is good, not only to have a garden, but the dirt helps cleanse you too. Get all dirty and muddy. It's good for ya
Not all trees are nice
The more you listen to your intuition, the easier it will be to tell it apart from your anxieties and worries
Incense is very easy to make which is why it's usually cheap to buy. But you can find a million tutorials online on how to make your own personal incense which is great if you want a spell to take effect over a while but also want to infuse the fire energy in it.
The more you work with something the better feel you get for it. Cinnamon goes in almost everything i cook and most of my spells because me and cinnamon just get right along
Your path is yours and no one else's. It will look like yours and no one else's
Ultimate Grimoire or book of shadows checklistโจ๐โ๏ธ๐ฎ
Hey beautifuls,
Iโve compiled a checklist in booklet format of pretty much anything I could think of or find online that you could include in your Grimoire/book of shadows. Please note that this is a very very broad list and you do not need to include absolutely everything listed. Pick and choose what matches your craft!
also if you would like a non-watermarked PDF print version (digital file) Iโm offering this for just $3 AUD. You can direct message me here on tumblr or on my Insta account โ@beautifulvalleywitchโ.
Otherwise enjoy this free version lovelyโs ๐ฅฐ๐ฅฐ
*copyrighted, please do not share without credit or claim as your own*
The Ultimate Grimoire Guide
So! I have been seeing a ton of grimoire ideas and thought Iโd stuff them all together. A lot of ideas are from @manifestationsofasort, @banebite, and @pigeonflavouredcake. Check them out! They have a ton of cool stuff there.
What Do I Use For My Grimoire?
You can use anything for a grimoire! For a physical one, journals, binders, and notebooks are good. For digital ones, Notion, Tumblr, Docs, and even just your file folder are great.
Introduction
A Book Blessing
Table of Contents
About Me
Your Current Path
Your Personal Beliefs
Your Spiritual Journey
Superstitions
Past lives
Favorite Herbs/Crystals/Animals/Etc.
Natal Chart
Craft Name
How You Entered The Craft
Astrology Signs
Birthday Correspondences (birth tarot card, birth stone, etc.)
Goals
Safety
Fire Safety
What Not to Burn
Toxic Plants & Oils (to humans, plants, animals)
Crystals That Shouldnโt Be Putโฆ (in sun, in water, etc.)
Things That Shouldnโt Be In Nature (glass, salt, etc.)
Potion Safety
How to Incorporate Blood in Spells
Smoke Safety
Wound Care
Biohazards
Core Concepts
Intention & How It Works
Directing Energy
Protection
Banishing
Cleansing
Binding
Charging
Shielding
Grounding
Centering
Visualization
Consecration/Blessing
Warding
Enchanting
Manifestation
Meditation
What Makes A Spell Work
Basic Spell Structure
What Not To Do In Spells
Disposing Spell Ingredients
Revitalizing Long Term Spells
How To Cast Spells
What To Put In Spells
Spell Mediums (jars, spoken, candle, sigils)
Spell Timing
Potion Bases
Differentiating Between Magick and Mundane
Common Terms
Common Symbols
Intuition
Elements
Basic Alchemy and Symbols
Ways To Break Spells
Laws and Philosophies
Correspondences
Herbs & Spices
Crystals & Rocks
Colors
Liquids & Drinks
Metals
Numbers
Tarot Cards
Elements
Trees & Woods
Flowers
Days
Months
Seasons
Moon Phases
Zodiacs
Planets
Incense
Teas
Essential Oils
Directions
Animals
Symbology
Bone Correspondences
Different Types of Water
Common Plants
Entities
Deities You Worship
Pantheons
Pantheons & Deities Closed to You
Common Offerings
Epithets
Mythos
Family
Worship vs Work
Prayers & Prayer Template
Altars
Deity Comms
Devotional Acts
Angels
Demons
Ancestors
Spirit Guides
Fae
Familiars
House, Animal, Plant, Etc. Spirits
Folklore Entities
Spirit Etiquette
Graveyard Etiquette
Boundaries
Communication Guide & Etiquette
Spirit Work Safety Guide
How Entities Appear To You
Circle Casting
Common Offerings
Altars
Servitors
Mythological Creatures (dragons, gorgons, etc.)
Utility Pages
Gazing Pages
Sigil Charging Station
Altar Pages
Intent Pages
Getaway Pages
Vision Boards
Dream Pages
Binding Page
Pendulum Board
Crystal Grid
Throwing Bones Page
Divination Pages
Mirror Gazing Page
Invocation Pages
Affirmation/Manifestation Pages
Spirit Board Page
Other Practices
Practices That Are Closed to You (Voodoo, Hoodoo, Santeria, Brujeria, Shamanism, Native Practices)
Wicca and Wiccan Paths
Satanism, Both Theistic and Non-Theistic
Deity Work
Religious Paths (Hellenism, Christianity, Kemeticism, etc.)
Animism
Types of Magic/Spells
Pop Culture Paganism/Magic
Tech Magic
Chaos Magic
Green Magic
Lunar Magic
Solar Magic
Sea Magic
Kitchen Magic
Ceremonial Magic
Hedge Magic
Death Magic
Gray Magic
Eclectic Magic
Elemental Magic
Fae Magic
Spirit Magic
Candle Magic
Crystal Magic
Herbalism
Glamours
Hexes
Jinxes
Curses
Weather Magic
Astral Magic
Shadow Work
Energy Work
Sigils
Art Magic
Knot Magic
Music Magic
Blood Magic
Bath Magic
Affirmations
Divination
Tarot Cards
Oracle Cards
Playing Cards
Card Spreads
Pendulum
Numerology
Scrying
Palmistry
Tasseography
Runes
Shufflemancy
Dice
Bibliomancy
Carromancy
Pyromancy
Psychic Abilities
Astrology
Auras
Lenormand
Sacred Geometry
Angel Numbers
Ornithomancy
Aeromancy
Aleuromancy
Axinomancy
Belomancy
Hydromancy
Lecanomancy
Necromancy
Oneiromancy
Onomancy
Oomancy
Phyllomancy
Psephomancy
Rhabdomancy
Xylomancy
Tools
Crystal grid
Candle grid
Charms
Talismans
Amulets
Taglocks
Wand
Broom
Athame
Boline
Cingulum
Stang
Bells
Drums
Staffs
Chalices
Cauldrons
Witches Ladder
Poppets
Holidays
Yule
Imbolc
Ostara
Beltane
Litha
Lammas
Mabon
Samhain
Esbats
Deity Specific Holidays
Religious Holidays (Christmas, Easter, Dionysia, etc.)
Celestial Events
Altars
Basics of Altars
Travel Altars
Deity Altars
Spirit Altars
Familiar Altars
Ancestor Altars
Self Altars
Working Altars
Self-Care
Burnout Prevention
Aromatherapy
Stress Management
Coping Mechanisms
Theories & History
Witchcraft history
Paganism
New Age Spirituality
Cultural Appropriation
Thelema
Conspiracy Theories
Cults
Satanic Panic
KJV
Witches in History
Cats in History
Transphobia in Witchcraft Circles
Queerness in Witchcraft Circles
Other
Recipes
How to Get Herbs
Foraging
Drying Herbs and Flowers
Chakras
Reiki
Witches Alphabet
Runic Alphabet
Guide to Gardening
Your Witch Tips
Resources
Other Tips
List of Spells
Cryptids and Their Lore
What is a Liminal Space?
A neurodivergent witch's guide to starting a grimoire ๐ฟโจ๏ธ
I remember when I was first starting out with building a grimoire and getting frustrated with how few resources there are on what a grimoire is supposed to be. I wanted clear directions and examples of what to include, but I mostly found YouTubers giving vague descriptions and repeating over and over again that it's extremely personal and private so they wouldn't say anything specific. As a neurodivergent person, it was very frustrating to try to figure out what to do from that. It took me a while to figure out what my own specifics were, so for any beginner witches out there, here are some specific ideas for starting off! Once you get more used to it, it'll get easier and easier to figure out what you do and don't want to include.
I'd recommend researching sigils and creating one to protect your grimoire; I placed mine on the second page after I dedicated the notebook for it, but you can put it wherever you feel like
Dates of moon cycles/information on how they affect your practice
Wheel of the year/sabbats if you celebrate them
Record rituals for sabbats if you choose to do anything for them, that way you have a reference for next year
Information on the elements- earth, air, fire, water, and/or spirit depending on your practice
Information on herbs or crystals you have- I like to print out pictures to include with the correspondences and leave space to write down specific things I use them for
Also, a quick reference list of ways you can care for individual crystals will be very helpful if you use them! Pay extra attention to which ones are sensitive to sun or water, it'll save you crystals later on
Basics of tarot, runes, or other divination methods
Color correspondences!
Information on zodiac signs; I printed out my star chart and put it in
When you do spellwork, write down everything you did and date it. Later you can come back and update whether it worked, what the effects were, and tweak it if necessary- basically treat it like a magic recipe book
A grimoire is not the same as a journal- if you want to write down personal reflections on meditation or your emotional experiences, I would suggest using a separate notebook for those things.
While I understand why people are so hesitant to show their grimoires, I have no qualms with showing a few pages for example purposes. However, I would suggest that you don't share anything that is personalized to your craft to others unless you can 100% guarantee that they won't cause you harm with it.
The only reason I'm ok with putting pictures on here is because they're full of basic information that anyone with Google could find and nothing that's specific to me.
With that being said, here are a few examples from my own grimoire as a reference!
I have also redone my monthly moon meanings page
Monthly Full Moon Names
I'm using a slight mix of Anglo Saxon, Celtic & Old English full moon names, I know the most common names are the Native American names but as I live in England it didn't make sense to use those.
Tasseomancy symbols and meanings
Please reblog this version as its the comprehensive master post because of tumblrs 10 pictures per post limit