Kharis: The Reciprocal Relationship with the Gods
In Ancient Greece, kharis was by its very definition the centre of the relationship between gods and humans, and was understood to be mutual obligation and good standing; a reciprocal relationship of kindness given freely and in thanks for previous and continued kindness. Cultivating kharis with the gods was considered to be good eusebeia εὐσέβεια which is another interesting word meaning (but not totally encompassed by) proper pious conduct in regard to the gods.
Kharis Χάρις is a beautiful word meaning many beautiful things - grace, kindness, goodwill, elegance, favour, joy, charity, beauty. Grace as a verb in English also means “bring honour or credit to (someone or something) by one’s attendance or participation,” as in they graced our presence.
We praise and thank the gods for the many beautiful things in our lives, that they may look favourably upon us and continue to bestow these good and beautiful things, so we may in turn continue to praise and thank them. Building and maintaining this relationship is the pinnacle of worship.
Ancient Greek Religion; A Sourcebook, Emily Kearns:
By praising the god, goodwill is created and a relationship of reciprocity is built up, things the Greeks understood in the word charis and something which was fostered, at its most basic level, by the simple practice of verbally greeting a god whose shrine one happened to pass. […] Of course the gods were the superior partners, yet it was often assumed that they could enjoy and thus benefit from what humans offered them […]
Greek Religion, Walter Burkert “Eusebia”:
Man attempts to find the good pleasure of the gods, aresasthai, to make them cheerful, hilaskesthai, for the anger of the gods is dangerous, and the best thing is to have them bestow favour with a smile, in an act of charis, just as one greets the gods like a friend with chaire, be joyful.
Greek Religion, Walter Burkert “Philosophical Religion”:
It is true that men must not attempt to influence the gods by sacrifices, prayer and votive gifts, but for the gifts that flow from the gods’ goodness they may well express their thanks and friendly affection in the traditional way of charis. Gifts between friends are unobjectionable, indeed natural.
The Kharites, or Graces, were the personification of the beauty of kharis and, as per Theoi.com, “The idea of personified grace and beauty was, as we have already seen, divided into a plurality of beings at a very early time, probably to indicate the various ways in which the beautiful is manifested in the world and adorns it.”