The 1st DECLENSION
Nulli nocendum est: si quis vero laeserit, multandum simili iure fabella admonet.
Vulpes ad cenam dicitur ciconiam prior invitasse et illi in patinā liquidam posuisse sorbitionem, quam nullo modo gustare esuriens potuerit ciconia.
Quae vulpem cum revocasset, intrito cibo plenam lagonam posuit: huic rostrum inserens satiatur ipsa et torquet convivam fame.
Quae cum lagonae collum frusta lamberet, peregrinam sic locutam volucrem accepimus: «Sua qua quisque exempla debet aequo animo pati.» (Phaedrus)
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You should never harm anyone: the fable teaches that, if someone will cause harm, they should be punished in the same manner.
They say a fox made the first move and invited a stork for dinner, and offered her a liquid broth in a plate, which the stork, although hungry, wasn't even able to taste.
But when in turn she invited the fox over, she offered her a bottle full of minced food: sinking its beak in it the stork both eats and torments with hunger the guest.
And we learn that, while that one licked the neck of the bottle to no avail, thus said the bird: «Everyone has to bear with serene disposition the pains they themselves inflicted.»
the 1st declension includes many feminine words and few masculine ones
its thematic vowel is - a → nominative singular ending in - ă;
genitive singular ending in - æ
Pay attention!
feminine adjectives of the 1st class follow the 1st declension too
some desinences are the same
-ă of the nominative may be confused with -ā of the ablative, because vowel quantity is not usually marked in the texts → you should be able to extrapolate from the sentence which case you're looking at
The 1st declension has few exceptions and particularities that we'll see in another post
A LIST OF USEFUL WORDS of the 1st declension
Feminine
People
ancilla, -æ handmaid
dea, -æ goddess
discipula, -æ student (girl)
filia, -æ daughter
magistra, -æ teacher (woman)
matrona, -æ married (noble) woman, matron
puella, -æ girl
Animals and plants
alauda, -æ lark
ciconia, -æ stork
luscinia, -æ nightingale
olea, -æ olive
vulpecula, -æ little fox
Ideas and concepts
aerumna, -æ pain
avaritia, -æ stinginess
cura, -æ worry, concern
diligentia, -æ attention
fama, -æ news, fame, reputation
forma, -æ beauty
fortuna, -æ fate
gloria, -æ glory
historia, -æ history
industria, -æ industriosness
iniuria, -æ insult
invidia, -æ hate, envy
iustitia, -æ justice
laetitia, -æ joy
memoria, - æ memory, remembrance
natura, -æ nature
patientia, -æ patience
prudentia, -æ wisdom, experience
sententia, -æ opinion
Things, facts, places
aqua, -æ water
ara, -æ altar
arca, -æ strongbox
armilla, -æ bracelet
casa, -æ hut
cena, -æ dinner
espistula, -æ letter, correspondence
fabula, -æ fable, fairytale
hora, -æ hour
insula, -æ isle
lagona, -æ bottle
margarita, -æ pearl
ora, -æ coast
paeninsula, -æ peninsula
pecunia, -æ money
poena, -æ pain, suffering, disgrace
procella, -æ storm
pugna, -æ battle
scapha, -æ boat
silva, -æ woods
via, -æ way, method
villa, -æ farm, villa
Masculine
People
advena, -æ stranger (tourist)
agricola, -æ farmer
conviva, -æ tablemate
íncola, -æ inhabitant
nauta, -æ sailor
perfuga, -æ deserter
poëta, -æ poet
Feminine adjectives
aequa, -æ just, equal
beata, -æ happy
bona, -æ good
clara, -æ famous
grata, -æ appreciated
magna, -æ great
mala, -æ bad, evil
misera, -æ unhappy
multa, -æ many
parva, -æ little
plena, -æ full
proba, -æ honest
pulchra, -æ beautiful
sacra, -æ sacred, holy
saeva, -æ cruel, violent
EXERCISES:
Try and decline some words of your choice of the 1st declension, chosen from the lists above then
with the help of the English translation insert the missing words from the following sentences, using the terms from the lists
Lesbia ______ ______ est → Lesbia is a beautiful girl
Aquae ______ ______ sunt → the water bottles are full
Poëta ______ ______ laudat → the poet praises the beauty of the girl
Vulpes _____ ______ est → the fox is the stork's guest
Poëta ______ ______ donat → the poet gives the girl a bracelet
Dominæ _____ _____ laudant → the matrons praise the handmaidens' industriosity
______ per mare navigant → the sailors sail across the sea
______ ______ in _____ sunt → the bracelets of the matron are in the strongbox













