moving image research task2
Research a variety of Moving Image techniques: - Camera movements:
panning: in film a panning movement is a camera movement across a horizontal plane. they are often filmed using a crane or dolly mounted camera. these shots are often used to emphasise a location’s character like a dramatic desert in a western or a run down city in a thriller/horror. pans can also be used to draw attention to a detail, by panning to a person or object then stopping, the audience assumes it is of importance. this is useful for visual storytelling. they are also used to allow the audience to follow action.
tilt: a vertical camera movement (camera tilted up/down) similar to a pan but on a vertical plane rather than horizontal. can similarly be used to emphasize a landscape or location .introducing a character by tilting the camera up towards the actor at a higher elevation can be used to emphasize their importance. it can also be useful when transitioning from a scene set on the street to a scene taking place inside of a tall building.
zoom: using a zoom lens the filmmaker zooms into or away from something to emphasize it. the camera body remains still while the lens changes focal length
tracking: tracking shots follow a character or object through an environment, often to show a change in a characters outlook/setting or a progression in their character. the camera is often mounted on a dolly or gimble.
dolly: a dolly shot is any shot taken where the camera is mounted on a dolly. a dolly is a wheeled buggy mount for the camera usually with a seat for the operator to use the camera from. dollies keep the camera from shaking while moving it.
pull focus: a focus pull, is where the cameras focus is adjusted during a shot, pulling focus so that the actor or object moving through the scene is constantly in focus. rack focus is a version of this wherein the focus is abruptly changed from one subject to another mid-shot, this is often used to create drama, show another perspective or a mental breakthrough
Composition: shot composition is important to making a film look visually appealing and make sense when in combination with the aforementioned camera techniques. this could mean placing objects in the set in a symmetrical or interesting way or placing actors in a way that emphasises who is dominant in the conversation. the possibilities are endless
a} Focal length, long / standard / wide;
in cinema different focal lengths can rouse certain emotions in the audience or be used to cleverly progress the story through visual storytelling. a long focal length is often used for extreme closeups and can give a sense of intimacy (they also cause less facial distortion than wide angles or standard lenses), they can also be used to highlight a small movement or object in the scene which can be useful in murder mysteries or thrillers where these small details could be important to plot progression. standard focal length lenses can be useful for conversations, walking shots and a whole host of other less specialised shots, these lenses are the workhorse lenses and are most frequently used. wide angle lenses can be used to give a sense of grandeur and importance to an environment, showing off how vast or imposing they are.
b} Viewpoint, high (birds eye), eye level, low (on ya hunkers);
birds eye view shots are often used to portray vast landscapes or in some cases to show a character of interest usually followed by a zoom or cut to a closer viewpoint. eye level shots are very common, used commonly for conversations, some shots in traditional fight scenes. low shots are often used to add interest or drama to a scene. shooting someone from a low angle (depending on the context) can make the character seem impressive (by making the audience see them form a diminished viewpoint) or make the scene awkward or tense as the angle is unusual and can be disorienting. low shots can also be used in dynamic fight scenes in films like “the raid” where characters are constantly moving upwards vertically when they jump and fight.
c} Action, identify what is moving in the frame (to aid the transition 'cut on a move')
in action shots it is important to maintain dynamic and a smooth flow of visuals. cutting on action is the way to do this, there are many methods worth trying. one method is to shoot the same action with different viewpoints and edit them together so that the action starts in one shot and ends in the other. conversely jarring shifts can be effective as well, jump cuts, where a movement or lack there of is immediately cut to an action or scene that contrasts or parallels it. a famous example of this is the bone/satellite cut in “2001: a space odyssey”
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