Martin Robison Delany The First African-American Field Grade Officer In The United States Army
African-American abolitionist, journalist, physician, soldier and writer, and arguably the first proponent of black nationalism. Born in Charles Town, Virginia and raised in Chambersburg and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Delaney trained as physician’s assistant. During the cholera epidemics of 1833 and 1854, Delany treated patients although many doctors and residents fled Pittsburgh.
In 1850, Delany was one of the first three black people admitted to Harvard Medical School, but all were dismissed after a few weeks following protests by white students. Delany also traveled in the south in 1839 to observe slavery, and beginning in 1847 worked alongside Frederick Douglass to publish the North Star.
Delany then dreamed of establishing a settlement in West Africa, and visited Liberia as well as lived in Canada for several years, but as the American Civil War began returned to the United States. Beginning in 1863, he recruited blacks for the United States Colored Troops. Commissioned as a major in February 1865, Delany became the first African-American field grade officer in the United States Army.
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