Another central force of the narrative is similarly blurred: exile (cf. 5.1). This recurring theme is apparently constructed from a series of contrasts between Elena and Lila, between those who leave and those who stay: they occupy different spaces (Lila can live only in the rione/Elena has to distance herself from it), speak different idioms (dialect/Italian; cf. 5), and embody different symbols (attachment/displacement). Yet taken in its entirety, the narrative strategy rejects the false dichotomy of rootedness vs. exile, authentic napoletanità vs. emigration, regional identity vs. national identity. Because those who leave are those who stay, and vice versa. Those who leave, like Elena, return to live in the neighborhood—in Elena’s case, for thirteen years—though not without atoning for having abandoned their origins. Those who stay in Naples, like Lila, live in exile from the city, uprooted by smarginatura. In turn, with the disappearance of Lila, the city itself is exiled: Naples and its geography are no longer a key element of the novel (the endless research into Naples that Lila had undertaken during the last twenty years of her life disappears along with her).
Elena Ferrante's Key Words, Tiziana de Rogatis









