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But what a the meaning of life ?

WHAT WAS GREAT ABOUT HIP HOP? Since the late 70’s, when the culture and music was taking form, there was something unique about the beats and rhymes, as well as the dances, fashion and graffiti. What make hip-hop so great is the lyrics, this is because in 3mins and 30secs hip hop is able to back multi-layered, dual-meaning and witty lyrics into its songs unlike other music styles. There is the slang that MC’s will use to paint a picture of what they’re saying in their songs. The fashion has also influenced hip hop a lot since the 80’s and some of the styles are still worn now. Hip hop has also produced styles of dancing such as ‘the Wop’ ‘the Dougie’ ‘Twerking’ ‘the Nae Nae’ or ‘the Shmoney Dance’. Some MC’s also use their rapping to reflect on social issues and bring them forward rather than focusing on violence and materialism. Hip hop influenced so many different artists and trends and statements in the music is produces but this just makes people love it more and listen to it more. Hip hop is one of the most listened to styles these days and many different artists have taken the genre on and produced music with the particular style.

Hiphop

Technological Development Hiphop is known as one of the biggest genre’s in modern day music. Artists maintained popular acts of their own in the early 2000′s, infusing local styles of Afro beat and jarabesque melodies, dance hall and hip-hop beats. During the early 2000′s most people would buy albums and rip the songs onto an mp3 player or an ipod. But now it can all be accessed over the internet using apps like spotify and youtube on mobile phones tablets and computers. Fashion and style has had a huge impact on the world. Like scarves, bright neon pink colors, tight pants, non matching outfits, fitted hats with snow-ears, skull and cross bones, etc. Everyone in the past decade seems to have at least once repeated a line from an old school artist. Whether its for a chorus, or actually just flipping the words around for their own. https://youtu.be/PaXslpx3MWY Orignial https://youtu.be/-zzP29emgpg Drak’es Version

At a time when rap was moving towards a generic bouncy clubbing format, West was originally acclaimed for restoring “old school” sampling, concocting tracks from short sound-bites of other recordings. From King Crimson to Shirley Bassey to Aphex Twin, the vast and eclectic range of his influences lend him a particularly expressive palette, creating a colourful, multidimensional sound incorporating rock, gospel, lounge, soul, funk, Broadway tunes and epic Wagnerian strings. West doesn’t just take a pre-recorded hook and plug it to death, he manipulates multiple apparently incompatible tracks, speeding things up, slowing them down, weaving disparate elements together into constantly shifting and mutating grooves with his own recorded elements, programmed drums, chordal synths and live instrumentation.

Characteristics of hip hop

Instrumentation

Rappers employed their voice and usually rapped over a beat provided by a beat boxer or a lyric less song with a steady beat. The music itself can consist of records mixed together on turn tables by a DJ and the songs often feature drums and bass with a very simple melody so it just creates a background for rappers to work with.

Structure

More modern artists are incorporating a verse/chorus structure within their songs.

Lyric content

Materialism has been a big topic since the 90's with rappers boasting about their own wealth and possessions by name dropping specific brands like Bentley, Gucci and AK-47.

Rappers also rap about socio-political matters like police brutality, racism and teenage pregnancy. Raps in contrast can be written to pump up a crowd at a gig or party with lyrics focusing on positive things that include doing drugs, drinking and having sex.

Rhythm

Rappers see themselves as percussionists more than anything with emphasis on the fact they create a beat. They employ the rhythmic techniques of triplets (dividing a beat into 3), 16th notes (semi quavers - a 1/16th of a beat), 32th notes (demisemiquavers a 1/32 of a beat), syncopation (staying at a standard rhythm as opposed to a swung song) and the use of rests. The use of time signatures is not standardised across the genre, with 4/4 and 3/4 being common.

Since the 2000's, rapping has evolved into a style of rap that spills over the boundaries set by following a beat so that it resembles speaking. There have been artists like Crime Mob who write songs like "knuck if you Buck" which is dependent on the use of triplets.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9saEpqhBP5M

This has influenced the work of the modern artists Drake, Kanye West, and Young Jeezy. This specific flow was popularised by the hip hop collective from Atlanta, called Migos, and is commonly referred to as Migos Flow.

Dance

Street dancing has been connected to the genre of Hip hop. It describes improvised dances that occur in urban settings suck as parks, night clubs or parties. The style of dancing connected to Hip Hop is called B-boying (more commonly as break dancing) which originated alongside Hip Hops growth on the streets of New York in the late 70's and was especially big among the African American and Puerto Rican youth.

#Unit 30

Hip-hop artists;

1. Eminem His diss track record squashes any other two major rappers put together. His song making ability is top quality. Laugh, cry, party, or vent - no musician hits home with a listeners emotions like Em.M Having raised the bar for rappers, Eminem has shown the most deep sense of artistry ever to have been discovered. Definitely INTERSCOPEs luckiest discovery of the 2000's maybe even since U2M+1 This track actually sucked I didn't like it at all it tastes like ass when you lick itM Slim is a lyrical genius, teamed up with dre he is unstoppable! 2. Kanye West Only current rapper who has switched up the style for each album. Jay z and kanye west sets the rhythm for yo to just be on the dance floor with hip hoppers Their songs ar best 3. 50 Cent This one man army is great! Listen to major distribution and my life! 4. Jay-Z For Jay to start in the Marcy Project. Now a successful business Family Man. Making major moves other than music. Plus to be very cool with President Obama cool Points Most definitely. 5. T.I Way better than Drake, Nelly and Lil Wayne and everyone.T.I. is the King and can beat anyone at a rap battle. King of the South!M Way better than Nelly. He is the greatest rapper and hip hop artist of all time. King of the South forever! 6. Nelly I am shocked seeing that Nelly isn't at the top! Ha... throw away other rappers because Nelly is sure gonna kick their ass out!

Group 3 cover of Get a Job by The Silhouettes

Progress Update

Group 3 of Little Red Rooster by Howlin’ Woof

Progress update

Examples

House Genre in Chicago’s Southside in 1977, when a new kind of club opened. This new Chicago club called The Warehouse gave House music its name. Frankie Knuckles, who opened The Warehouse, mixed old disco classics and new Eurobeat pop. It was at this legendary club where many of the experiments were tried. It was also where Acid House got its start.

House music is electronic dance music that originated in Chicago in the early 1980′s. It was popularized in Chicago, circa 1984. House music quickly spread to other American cities like Detroit, New York City, and Newark. All developed their own regional scenes. In the mid-to-late 1980s, house music became popular in Europe as well as major cities in South America, and Australia.

One of the leading DJs at that time was New York born Frankie Knuckles, also called the Godfather of House. Indeed, he was more than a DJ; he was an architect of sound, who experimented with sounds and thus added a new dimension to the art of mixing. In fact, he took the raw material of the disco he spun and added pre-programmed drum tracks to create a constant 4/4 tempo. He played eight to ten hours a night, and the dancers came home exhausted. Thanks to him The Warehouse was regarded as the most atmospheric place in Chicago

Examples of House Music Artists:

Larry Levan was a black teenager from Brooklyn like Frankie. In fact, it was Larry who first suggested opening The Warehouse in Chicago. However, things took a different turn, and in the end Larry Levan spun in New York’s Paradise Garage. Larry Levan and Frankie Knuckles were indeed two very important figures in the development of House music and the modern dance scene. Perhaps there would have been no fame for the two without the producer, DJ and devoted lover of dance and music, David Mancuso, and his dance parties for gays called Loft parties. “The Loft” was a house party intended for a very black and a very gay crowd.

Larry and Frankie attended the Loft parties regularly. It was not only a place of joy but also a place where they became acquainted for the first time with the techniques of House music. Mancuso taught them about creating a perfect House music: about sound, lighting, production, music and DJ techniques.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1o_NC1AgrHY

House and Garage - technological development

It generates an electronic signal that is converted into sound through speakers. The 80's experienced Yamaha's DX7 digital synthesizer which became popular with musicians. Analogue synthesizers were being replaced with the digital models as they could produce sample based synthesis and also had a large array of onboard digital effects. This was really integrated into the 90's house and garage scene as the genre used the analogue sounds that could be modelled on the digital synthesizers. This interest in the analogue sound actually lead back to the rekindled interest that people had with the analogue synthesizers. It is possible to employ synthesizers to produce a Bass sound, a Lead sound that handles the rhythmic melody and Pad for sustained chords.

A drum machine is an electronic instrument designed to imitate the sound of drums and symbols, as well as other percussive instruments. The drum machine that would have been used widely in the house and garage genre would have been the Roland TR-808 and TR-909 as they were less expensive than other machines and had a very unique sound that no other drum machine really experienced.

MIDI (or Musical Instrument Digital Interface) allowed for instruments with analogue sounds to interface with computers and other electronic musical instruments and this was done by converting the analogue signal into binary. MIDI transformed the music industry in the 80's allowing musicians with no notation skills to create very complex arrangements. A group of no more than two people could operate multiple MIDI enabled devices and deliver a performance that would sound similar to that performed by a large group of musicians. This removes the cost of session musicians and the need to hire them and allow for people to produce music on a system as complex as a small synthesizer and with an integrated keyboard and sequencer.

#unit 30

Gospel Music

http://youtu.be/vsDTmR40i-o

Gospel music originated in the American South and is still primarily an American genre, although it has spread to other countries as well. It combines Christian lyrics, often taken from the Methodist hymnal, with American musical forms including jazz, blues, ragtime and bluegrass. This music has its roots in the spirituals composed and sung by African slaves in the 18th and 19th centuries, but it has evolved and changed through the years. It is most recognized today as the form it first took in the 1920s, when Sanctified churches encouraged joyful personal expression of religious faith. uring the period of slavery in the United States, slave owners sought to divest their slaves of African customs and forced them to adopt Western habits — one of which was the Christian religion. Slaves retained certain elements of their culture and a distinct African American culture grew out of the combination of African and European elements. Spiritual music is a good example of this, as it incorporates traditional African musical devices, such as the blue note and syncopation, with Christian lyrics.

  Gospel music has been an important part of the spiritual life of the church since the late 1800s. It has its roots in both Negro spirituals and traditional church hymns that came over from Europe. Revivalists of the turn of the century employed gospel music to stir emotions and gain converts. Some instruments commonly heard in Gospel music are the piano, organ, guitar, bass guitar, drums, tambourines, keyboard, violin, and brass horns. The instruments vary according to the sub-genre of gospel music being played. The banjo is found commonly in blue-grass country-style gospel. The guitar and drums are the main source of sound in gospel rock.  There has been no other event in history that has been more compelling, convincing, or persuasive than Gospel Music. Some of the most beautiful music of all times was born out of intense grief and suffering, and Gospel Music is no exception. It is the Alpha and Omega of God’s spiritual principle that plays upon the keyboard of mans integrity. It is a resonance, an echoing sound throughout the ages that has surrendered the wonders of God’s Almighty creations. After thousands of years, the sound of Gospel Music is still enthralling and captivating because it stands against the social background as a shadow of today’s community problems and dilemmas. From the 1930’s to the 1960’s desperate circumstances controlled our lives; despair and hope, life and death; but Gospel Music mirrored our predicaments as a collective group of people, it reflected upon our social status, and eventually reverberated in our made up minds that God was indeed on our sides. Gospel music is presented by a variety of performers. The soloist is often employed to deliver a gospel song as an invitational tune at the end of a service. Duets are used on occasion to inspire the congregation with a heartfelt message. Gospel trios and quartets, such as the Gaither Trio and the Imperials, have produced many gospel classics. Choirs have also presented gospel tunes in churches and in concerts to inspire the faith of many.

Soul

Soul Artists

A quick background:

Soul artist became very popular in America during the 1950s and towards the start of the 1960′s. The combined elements of soul music is African-American gospel music with rhythm and blues as well as jazz. It became very popular for dancing and listening to in the United States. Record labels including Motown, Alantic and Stax were all influenced inn the civil rights era. Soul became very popular all around the world and influenced rock music as well as the music of Africa.

The Origins of Solomon Burke:

James Solomon Burke McDonald is known as one of the founding fathers of soul music in the 1960′s. He was an American recording artist and vocalist who shaped the sound of rhythm and blues. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on March 21st, 1940 and died aged at the age of 70 on October 10th, 2010. burke credited his grandmother for his musical influence as she coached him as he listened to songs on the radio and use to sing them to her. He began preaching at the age of 7 and by 12 became known as the Boy Wonder Preacher for his charismatic preaching. He appeared on a radio station known as WHAT-AM mixing songs as well as sermons in Broadcasts rom Solomon’s Temple. HE traveled to Maryland, Virginia and the Caroline’s to preach and sing. in 1955 Burke had signed with Apollo records and released his first single called Christmas Presents on Christmas eve in 1955. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0DUCV-09RI

He was signed by many labels such as Apollo Records Atlantic Records Bell Records MGM Records ABC Dunhill Records Chess Records Savoy Records Rounder Records Fat Possum Records ANTI- Shout! Factory E1 Music

one of his most famous songs is know as Cry To Me became a huge chart success and was known as king Solomon and the bishop of soul

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mEu8DrO9PbY

Another top hit was Everybody Needs Somebody to Love

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OKAlBC-XWQ&list=PLC4F6C8B5198B815C

soul music has changed the world of music that we know today and I’m going to show you an example of soul music being used in this modern generation:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GZYGPn9iN1Y

If everyone has the time to watch this brilliant documentary it is based on Solomon Burkes big hit… Everybody needs somebody

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzppEGgctYc

Sam Cooke - Chain Gang

SAM COOKE

Sam Cooke

Origins

Sam began his career performing with his family when he was a child. In his teenage years, he formed a Quintet (a group of 5 people playing music or singing together) called the Highway QC's. His inspiration came from a gospel group called the Soul Stirrers. After he graduated from his high school in 1948, he was actually invited to join the band which gave him a chance to really focus on improving his ability.

Sam Cooke and the Soul Stirrers - Nearer to Thee

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEXlTes-HEU

After his 6 year stint with the Soul Stirrers, he began his solo career under the pseudonym "Dale Cooke" in 1957 and released his first single "lovable". Later that year, he released his first number 1 hit "You Send Me" which actually topped Elvis's "Jailhouse Rock" in the chart.

Along with his singing career, he also established his own publishing company for his music in '59 with the help of the manager J.W. Alexander and was called SAR Records - the label served as an outlet for Cooke's prolific song writing and production talents. He helped develop artists on his own label, with examples being Bobby Womack and Billy Preston.

He then negotiated a very good contract with RCA paying him an advance of $100,000. He also got ownership of the master recording for 30 years which was a very rare thing for an artist at the time to get ownership to.

He had a lot of high achieving songs with RCA records, including the song "Chain Gang" which was a social commentary by Cooke, with the catchy rhythm mimicking the sound or prisoners breaking rocks.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RmZdvVnMXCc

Documentary

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y5CftSgZd3k&feature=youtu.be

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANvGnRQDzM4

How did he die??

No one knows exactly how he died. In the early hours of December 11th 1964, he was out drinking at an LA bar where he met a woman named Elisa Boyer. They went to a couple more bars before Cooke offered to take her home. But according the Elisa, Sam kidnapped her, brought her to the Hacienda Motel, registered a room under his own name then attempted to force him onto her. When he went to use the bathroom, Elisa ran out with an armful of clothes, mostly hers but also some of Sam's and made her way to the manager's office asking for help. He then chased her and reportedly attacked her in the manager's office; she then grabbed a gun and shot him 3 times - the third bullet passing through his heart. His last reported words were "Lady, you shot me"

But there is a lot of controversy involved in this case.

- If Elisa Boyer had been kidnapped as she claimed, why didn’t she run from the car when Sam was registering at the hotel? She was left alone in the vehicle and had ample time to do so.

- If Cooke’s intentions were to rape Boyer from the get-go, why would he have registered the room under his real name?

- Boyer claims she mistakenly took Cooke’s clothing when she was escaping the room. Perhaps she was trying to prevent him from pursuing her. But, also, all of his money he had on him at the time (estimated to have been well over a thousand dollars) went missing upon his death. Coincidence?

A month later, Boyer was arrested for arrested for prostitution, with the Hacienda being a notorious haunt for this type of activity, suggesting that there was a connection between her and Franklyn, the motel manager. The most likely scenario for those who don't believe the official story is that Sam paid for her company but then she ran out with the money and his clothes. With no money or clothes a being angry and drunk, there was little surprise that Sam was aggressive towards Franklyn.

Sam's widow, Barbra, reacted strangely to her husband's passing as well. She wasn't shocked by her husband's infidelities and at the time of the murder, she was actually seeing a local bartender, who wore Sam's watch and ring to his funeral. She then went on to marry his friend Bobby Womack.

#Unit 30

Aretha Franklin

Aretha franklin is a soul/gospel singer. She was born in 1942. She started her singing career in the 60’s when she was 18 at her father’s church singing gospel. From this her career started to climb when she was recording for the label Columbia records, however she was only achieving a low amount of success from this. It wasn’t until the late 60’s when she was actually signed to Atlantic records that her career really started to take off. Aretha started to achieve a lot of success with her songs like ‘Respect’ ‘(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman’ and ‘Think’ these are the songs that helped her achieve her title of queen of soul by the end of the 60’s decade. Aretha managed to record a total of 112 charted singles, and record her most well-known albums like ‘I Never Loved a Man the Way I love You’, ‘Lady Soul’, ‘Young’, ‘Gifted & Black’ and ‘Amazing Grace’ all before she started to face problems with her label in the mid 70’s. it wasn’t until her father passed in 1979 that she left Atlantic records and signed with arista records which helped her find success in the film ‘Blues Brothers and her albums ‘Jump to It’ and ‘Who’s Zoomin’ Who?’.

Aretha has always been described as a great musician and singer; this is because she has a very wide vocal range, interpretive intelligence, skilled piano-playing, a great ear for music and her experience. Aretha’s voice is most commonly described as a ‘powerful mezzo-soprano voice’ it wasn’t until the 70’s that franklin embraced her roots, as she wore her hair as an afro and wore Afrocentric type clothing that was admired by her fans and peers. However during the mid-70’s Aretha lost a lot of weight and so she decided to start wearing slinkier clothing and started wearing evening gowns and extravagant dresses in the 80’s.

When Aretha turned 18 she decided to turn to her father and tell him how she aspired to follow Sam Cooke in recording pop music, and before signing with Columbia, Sam Cooke tried to convince her father that he should sign her to his label RCA. And he was also scouted by record label owner Berry Gordy to sign franklin and her older sisters to his Tamla Label. However her father did not feel these labels were developed enough and so continued on with Columbia.

Throughout the years Aretha has developed her musical talent and decided to make singles that were hip-hop, R&B, pop, jazz, blues, doo-wop and rhythm and blues based. This really helped with her career and it broadened her fan base and made her more popular in the music industry. Technological development didn’t really affect Aretha in any way; Aretha franklin has grown in the music industry doing what she does best which is recording and selling great influential music and keeping her raining title as Queen of soul.

What was great about Aretha was that she managed to stay humble and respectful no matter how famous she grew, all she wanted to do was make great music that her fans would listen to up till this date; and she very much achieved this. Not only her but also her music influenced so many people and artist, Aretha reigned throughout America and Europe with her single ‘Lady Soul’ which was a symbol of black pride; and she was presented an award by Martin Luther King Jr. throughout her career she has managed to stay an enigmatic figure and outspoken all while remaining her secrecy about her private life. This is why many people loved Aretha as she didn’t have to publicise her life to have people follow her and love her as she did it all with her voice and music.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_IxaBW-LCHg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EXJx2NnnxA0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=21KNZ6KMIIQ

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