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What is Random testing?

Random testing is a testing technique where programs are tested by generating random and independent inputs. It is a type of black box testing. The results of output generated are compared with the software specifications to verify if the result is correct or not. There are some strengths and weakness of random testing.

The strength of random testing are:

It is inexpensive to use

It does not have any bias

The bugs are found very easily and quickly

If software is used properly it will find the bugs.

The weakness of this testing is:

It is capable of finding only basic bugs

It is precise when specifications are imprecise.

This technique compares poorly with other techniques to find the bugs

This technique will create a problem for continuous integration if different inputs are randomly selected on each test.

Some think that white box testing is better than this random testing technique

The characteristics of random testing:

It is performed where defects in a software application is not identified by the regular intervals.

Random input is used to test the system performance and its reliability.

Saves time and effort than actual tests.

Other testing methods are not used.

The common example of Random testing is: use of random integers to test the software function that returns the results based on those integers. Specifically when dealing with integers or other types of variables. Random testing is random as a set of random inputs that are used, in other words testers are bound to choose set of integers rather than infinite set.

Types of random testing:

With respect to the input

Random input sequence generation, random sequence of data inputs and random data selection from existing database.

Guided vs Unguided

Undirected random test generation with no heuristics to guide its search and directed random test generation. Eg. adaptive random testing.

Most of the criticism about random testing is about misapplication of the technique. The key problem of random test is generating input that are part of the domain of the software under test. Random testing is great for testing

fault behaviour

data validation

Adherence to specifications

Concurrency

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WHAT IS WEB SERVICES TESTING?

Web services testing with SOAP:

click here to read first part

Web services testing is a way to access the web services using XML messages that include WSDL catalog listing web services with their name, input and output field parameter details which serve as an ideal testing road map. It is well suited for performing transactions that have multiple calls need to enforce the strict client server contract and works well with the distributed enterprise environments. It is highly structured with error handling security built-in is designed for expansion for expansion and can use transport protocols besides HTTP.

For example:

A simple account management and order processing system. The accounting personnel will use a client application system which is built in Visual Basic. The processing logic of this system is developed in java and has a database which interacts to store information.

The following steps to do the web services testing are:

The client collects and feeds the information of account registration into the SOAP message.

This SOAP message is sent to the web service in HTTP post request.

The web service will convert the SOAP request message to the command that the application will understand.

The information is processed by the application as required and responds with new unique account number of any customer.

The next process is the web service response another SOAP message Which sends to the client message in response to the HTTP request.

The web service testing tools are :

SOAP UI:

SOAP UI is one of the tools to test the web services which are used to design web services test of SOAP and REST architectures. SOAP UI allows the creation and execution of different types of software testing like: Functional test, regression tests, Mocking, load and performance tests and security evaluation.

2. JMeter:

Apache JMeter is an open-source application which is designed for the execution of load tests performance measurements in applications. JMeter has capabilities to perform load testing and performance testing in different application servers and protocols including

Web (HTTP,HTTPS)

SOAP /REST web services

FTP services

Database through JDBC

LDAP directory services

Message-oriented middleware, through JMS

EMAIL-SMTP,POP(3) and IMAP(S)

What is Volume Testing?

Volume testing is a type of non functional testing where software is subjected to large volume of data to analyse the performance of the system. It is also called as Flood testing. With this type of testing the impact of response time and system behavior can be determined.

The objective of volume testing is

It is used to check whether there is any loss of data

Used to check the response time

Data is stored correctly or not

Verify if the data is overwritten

Check all the warning messages and error messages

Check the high volume data has some effect on speed processing of the system

The challenges of volume testing are:

It is difficult to generate fragmentation of memory

Difficult for dynamic generation of keys.

Relational integrity of generated data

For example: If a volume test has to be done for the application with a specific database size we will expand the database application to that size then test the performance of it. Another example is if there is a requirement of an application to interact with the interface file which is reading or writing from file or to file. The database is stretched to the maximum threshold point and large volume of data is added and tested for system’s response.

The main characteristics of volume testing is

In development phase, small amount of data is tested

The performance of the software decreases over the time if there is enormous amount of data

Test cases are derived from design of documents

Test data is generated from a test data generator

Test data need not be logically correct to assess the system’s performance

The difference between the volume testing and load testing:

Volume testing is performed on the varying data volumes in database and load testing is performed with varying number of users.

The benefits of volume testing are

By identifying the load issues a lot of money can be saved for application maintenance

It helps for quicker start for scalability plans

Easy to identify problems

It confirms the usability of the system in real world

Volume testing

volume testing

Questions

What is volume testing? Explain with the examples

What is the difference between the volume testing and performance testing?

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What is penetration testing?

Penetration testing is a type of testing performed to discover any potential security breaches in the software before any hacker does it. This type of testing is used on a computer network system to check the security vulnerabilities that a attacker could exploit. Penetration testing is also called as Pen testing or ethical hacking.

Penetration testing is performed manually or automated with any software testing tools. This process involves information gathering about the target and identifying the possible entry points, making an attempt to break in and reporting back the errors which are targeted. The main objective of penetration testing is to identify the security weakness. It is used in an organisation to check the security features and its adherence to compliance with requirements.

Penetration testing is also called as white hat attacks because in a pen tests, the hackers are breaking into the software security. The primary goal of pen testing is to identify all weak spots in an organisation’s security posture. Although the security policy focuses on preventing the attack on an enterprise’s system the policy may not include a process to dismiss the hacker. The penetration testing should run whenever the organisation:

Adds a new network or application software

Makes some important upgrades to its application systems or infrastructures

Establishes offices in new locations or shifts the office to some other locations.

Applies security patches

Modifies some end user policies

Penetration testing often use some automated tools to avoid the vulnerabilities. This testing tool examines the data encryption techniques and can identify hard coded values such as usernames and passwords. Some of the open source pen testing tools include:

The met spoilt project: It is an open source project from Rapid 7. It collects penetration tools which can be used for servers, web based applications. It can be used to uncover the security issues, to verify vulnerabilities and to manage security issues.

The port scanner: It scans all systems and the networks for vulnerabilities linked to open ports.

Wire shark: It is a tool for profiling the network traffic and for analysing the network packets.

John the Ripper: It uses different password crackers into package, the pen testers use these tools to find the attacks regarding password weakness in system databases.

Questions:

What is penetration testing? What are its advantages?

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What is stress testing?

Stress testing is a performance testing type. It is used to test the performance of the software with varying resources. Stress testing tests the stableness and reliability of the system. This test mainly specifies the robustness and error handling in heavy load conditions. This test specifies how system works under the extreme conditions. Stress testing is mainly used to check whether the system should not crash under extreme situations. This testing is also known as endurance testing. The main use of this testing is to set the limit whenever the software or hardware crashes.

Stress testing is valuable for the reasons like

The system works in abnormal conditions

To display proper error message under stress condition

The system failure under stress condition can lead to revenue loss

It is prepared to deal with extreme conditions by doing stress testing

For example

– identify the number of servers required by the software

The Goals of stress testing are

The main objective of stress testing is to analyse the behaviour after the system is failed and display proper error messages under lot of load.

Massive data sets can be used to perform stress testing which may be lost

The testers should not lose the security related data while conducting the stress testing

The main purpose of stress testing is recoverability

The stress testing monitors the system resources like processor, Memory and Network.

Types of stress testing

The types of stress testing are

Distributed stress testing:

In this type the testing is done between server and clients. It distributes the sets of stress tests on all stress clients and checks the status of client. After the client contacts the server the server will add the name and starts sending data.

2. Application Stress testing:

the main goal of this testing is to focus on finding the defects related to data blocking and locking.

3. Transactional stress testing:

It does stress testing on different testing on various transactions on one or more applications.

4. Systematic stress testing:

This is a type of integrity testing which can be tested across multiple systems running on the same server. It is used to find defects on one application on data blocks another application.

5. Exploratory testing:

It is used to find defects on unexpected situations like:

Large number of users logged in at the same time

If a virus scanner started at the same time in all machines.

If database goes offline

When a large volume of data is inserted to the database

The difference between the load testing and stress testing is

Load testing: It is a planned test to perform a number of requests in order to test the functionality of the system under different levels. The software performance is tested with varying number of users.

Stress testing: It increases the number of requests under the complete system failure. The software performance is tested with varying number of resources.

Questions

What is stress testing?

What are the goals of stress testing

Explain the types of stress testing with examples?

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What is soak testing by h2kinfosys?

Soak testing is a type of performance testing which tests the system’s performance characteristics and stability over a long period of time, ie. under continuous usage of the software. It handles issues related to memory allocation, log files and database resource utilization. It is a system level of testing to find whether the system will stand up to very large volume of data usage over longer period of time and observing the effect caused to the design.Characteristics of soak testing:The soak testing characteristics are

The duration of soak test is determined by the time available.

Any application should run without any disturbance if it requires over a longer period.

It should cover all the situations which are agreed upon with stake holders.

All system has its maintenance window period of time and the time between those window periods is the key driver for determining the scope of soak test.

For example in an mobile applications playing video games leaving the video game in a prolonged period of time in an running state. In a various modes of operation just pausing in the title screen and observing the behaviour whether the application can handle the continuous load.Why to do soak testing?A system can operate normally when used for 2 hours but the same system when used continuously for 10 hours can cause some problems or may even crash. To predict those unexpected failures this testing is doneThe strategy of soak testing

In the long session of soak testing many days multiple activities are performed in limited time frame.

The important part of soak testing is to check the available memory in the CPU and the amount of memory that will be in usage.

The software systems are expected to provide the stable performance under the continuous usage of the software by the users. Hence the soak testing is done.Questions

What is Soak testing?

What is the need of soak testing?

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What is Hybrid Testing

We all know about the integration testing in that we test the standalone modules which are combined and tested as a single entity. There are two popular types of integration testing one is top down approach another one is bottom up approach. In hybrid testing we use the advantages of top down and bottom up approaches and the test is done by using both techniques. This is also known as sandwich testing.

The features of Hybrid testing are:

It has three layers namely: The main target layer, the layer above the target layer and the layer below the target layer.

The testing is focused on the middle level target layer and is selected based on the characteristics of the structure of the code

Hybrid testing is adopted if the user wants to work on the working version of the application as soon as possible determine to produce the basic working system in the earlier stages of the development cycle.

The main objective of hybrid approach is to create the process of maximized strengths of the involved methodologies at the same time reducing their weakness to improve the quality and produce good product. The hybrid approach system is used in the proposed system. It combines all the search based techniques and dynamic symbolic execution technique for generation of test data. It covers all the branch statements. The accuracy of code coverage is increased and minimum test cases are generated with regular interval of time.

The need for hybrid approach:

The possible case for project failures is improper choice of software methodology. Every software has its own methodology and every state of methodology has its own characteristics to make it suitable for the type of project for an organisation.

The hybrid testing applications contain a mixture of different technologies in application

For example the windows application that contain mixture of WPF,NET,MFC user interface. Here the hybrid apps can be installed on any system.It takes less time in the to market as any user can install or run these apps with out any compatible issues. These are consistent and have cross platform User Interface which is comfortable with most devices user needs to write one script and it will run in multiple platforms. Hybrid application is similar like testing web application.

What to test in Hybrid application program?

Functional testing: verifying all the features are working as expected. It includes to test if the app is able to use in-built resources properly and install or uninstall the application then screen orientation testing which include Graphics and UI.

Compatibility testing: Verifying the application behaving properly on different devices.

Connectivity testing: Verifying if the application is working properly with the multiple types of network connections and switch between different connection types and finally verify without the network connection types.

Questions

What is Hybrid testing?

What are the features of hybrid testing?

Why we need hybrid testing?

WHAT IS PERFORMANCE TESTING?

Performance testing is a non functional testing. In this type of testing, speed or efficiency of the software is tested. Performance testing is a testing process where in the performance of software is tested with different factors like number of users, data, resources and usage of software. The response time, throughput etc of are tested. The goal of this testing is not to find bugs but to improve the software’s performance or efficiency.

The main focus is checking the software programs for below features:

Speed: It finds whether the application responds quickly

Scalability: It determines maximum user load that a software can support

Stability: It determines where software can be stable under different load.

Why performance testing is necessary?

Performance testing specifies what needs to be improved before the software is released to the client. Without the performance testing the software applications suffer from issues like running slow for multiple users using simultaneously, inconsistencies for different operating systems and poor usability.

Types of performance testing are:

Load testing:

it checks the ability of software to perform under the loads.it identifies the bottlenecks of software.

Stress testing:

It determines the testing software under extreme conditions to see how it handles the high traffic or data processing.

Endurance testing:

It is done to know whether the software handle’s under the load for long period of time.

Spike testing:

It tests the software’s reaction over sudden spikes generated by the load when users use

Volume testing:

it monitors the software’s behavior over the large data in the database it checks the software performance under varying database volumes.

Scalability testing:

It determines the software effectiveness to support an increase in the user load.

Example of performance testing are:

Checking if email applications could be loaded with 1000 users at a time. We can perform transactions like send, delete, read save in different ways. By simulating the 1000 transactions per hour for single user, possibility to load the test email server by occupying it with more transactions (10000) per hour.

Questions

What are the techniques of the performance testing?

What are the advantages of the performance testing?

Give some examples for spike testing?

WHAT IS LOAD TESTING?

Load testing is a type of performance testing. It is a procedure which determines the performance of a system with different number of users. The load testing identifies

The maximum functioning capacity of an application with different users

Specifies whether the present infrastructure is sufficient to run the application

Determines the sustainability for different user loads

Number of concurrent users and scalability

Load testing is type of non functional testing. It is mainly used for web-based applications.

Why load testing is necessary?

Load testing provides confidence in the system performance and reliability

It also helps to identify the bottlenecks under heavy stress conditions

It gives protection against poor performance with different number of users

Some popular websites have experienced serious downtimes when there is heavy traffic. Some examples are:

an airline websites was not able to handle thousand users during festive offers and

encyclopaedia Britannica gave free access to their online database as a promotional offer.

Load testing is a process of putting a load(users) on the system and recording its response.

The strategies of load testing are:

Manual load testing:

This is one of the processes to execute load testing but does not produce any repeatable results, does not provide measurable levels of stress and do not have any coordination.

In house developed load testing tools:

The organisation which understands the importance of load testing can build their own testing tools.

Open source load testing tools:

There are many open source testing tools available in the internet which are free of cost.

Enterprise class load testing tools:

These support large number of protocols. They can support large number of users.

Few facts of load testing are

Most users click after 8 secs when delay in loading page

$4.4 billion lost due to poor performance of the application

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What is keyword driven testing?

Software testing can be either performed as manual testing or automation testing. There are different automation testing frameworks like: data driven testing, keyword driven testing and hybrid framework. In keyword driven testing, the keywords or actions are created for automation testing.

A keyword or an action is defined as a combination of test objects which explains how the test lines should be executed. An action word contains many arguments and is defined by the test analysis. The keyword driven testing is also known as table driven or action word testing which is software testing process that is usable for both manual and automated testing. The process uses keywords or action words to symbolise the functionality which is to be tested such as ‘enter client’. The keyword ‘enter client’ is to be defined as a set of actions that must be executed to enter the new client in the database. The keyword documentation contains

The initial state of the system under the test

The main window or any menu to start

The keys or mouse clicks to get the correct data entry

The proper names of the fields to find out which arguments to be entered

What actions to be performed in case the additional dialogs pop up

The button to click for submission

In the keyword driven testing you first identify all the keys and then make connection between the key and its action. Here every testing action is like opening and closing of the browser like mouse click, key strokes etc. for example:

The login keyword to any website is used to test the login function and action associated with it.

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How to choose that which technique is best?

How to choose that which technique is best? This is the wrong question! Each technique is good in its own way in finding out the certain kind of defect, and not as good for finding out the other kind of defects. For example, one of the benefits of structure-based techniques is that they can find out the defects or things in the code that aren’t supposed to be there, such as ‘Trojan horses’ or other malicious code.

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