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@hahahakeemu
Understanding Abu Abdullah al-Shi'i and the Kutama Berbers
Bismillah. I hope to put the writings on some other sites as well at some point, but it was easiest to copy and paste on this, so here we go. Forgive any errors, mistakes, etc. Enjoy.
P.S. the endnotes have translations or explanations where I thought they’d be necessary.
My wife just finished her first Dynasty Warriors campaign. I’m proud 🥲
What history games are y’all playing these days? What keeps y’all going back to it?
Not playing it currently, but I'll probably hit up Europa Universalis V whenever I have the money. IV was pretty good, although ironically my favourite game was outside of Europe (Malacca into Malaya into all of the Indian Ocean).
Part of me wishes I was into the Paradox games. I got a little into the CK games, I’ve enjoyed seeing what people can do with them all, but I never really enjoyed them more than playing a couple times.
My brother went crazy for EU4 though, I used to check out what he could do on that.
What history games are y’all playing these days? What keeps y’all going back to it?
It is not natural that being principled against oppression is so punishing
do you study Islamic history academically?
Yeah that’s right. I don’t study it exclusively but most of my studies have centered various aspects of Islamic history.
I think when I first made this blog I was barely studied if at all, so Lord knows how any of my old posts hold up.
Hello
Please ignore if this is inappropriate to ask. I remember you mentioning you have family in NOI. Can you share how/when they joined, and if they are still part of NOI. I was reading about it recently and that reminded me bc for so long before, I assumed the organization was long dead.
Hey there. I’ve had family join the NOI through a number of ways throughout the 90s to as recent as about 2016 (and maybe after that). One of the most important conversions in the family occurred when a family member, who was a college student at that time, went to a synagogue on his college campus (another relative of mine worked at its library, IIRC). When he got there, the people asked his opinion about Farrakhan. At the time he didn’t know anything about Farrakhan. But the way they were attacking him, it made my relative look into him further, and he found a program catered to creating family and community and positive changes for the black man. So he got involved.
Another generation was affected when going to hear the Minister speak at his million man march in 2015.
The NOI was quite active and influential in the 90s. They’re mentioned frequently in classic rap, the U.S. government condemned big Bro. Khalid Muhammad, and Minister Farrakhan as well as others were going on Donahue discussing black nationalist talking points. The organization is still alive now too, though I don’t think it’s currently experiencing the growth it was experiencing in the 90s.
That’s so interesting to hear about. I wonder if they come from a religious background as well
Somehow I had heard about NOI in passing (most everyone I know has no idea about them) and assumed they’d long ago disbanded. I think I misunderstood that they shifted to a more orthodox theology.
Imagine my surprise when I was in Detroit one day and I saw NOI had just had an event the day before.
Oh, good points! My family members generally had religious backgrounds. And like most black families (especially in the south), most of us were/are at the very least spiritual people if not religious.
Yeah, it’s interesting. Tbh most American Muslims don’t know much about the NOI, if I tell people my own religious journey half of the questions are relevant to the NOI in general haha.
When Shaheed Malcolm left the NOI, many African American Muslims followed him into Orthodoxy. I know communities from Malcolm’s (ra) time who have since become a sort of West African Sunni or Sufi leaning community.
When Elijah Muhammad passed, his son Imam Warithudeen disbanded the NOI and told his folks to go to Sunni Islam. Minister Farrakhan, the highest ranking Minister, disagreed with Imam Warithudeen and recreated the NOI though its numbers weren’t as much naturally. Then in the 90s, Farrakhan got their numbers up again. My family joined at that time and helped establish communities in some cities/states. Chicago is still filled with NOI Muslims as that’s their headquarters, I believe Detroit remains a big city for them as the movement started there, and they still have pockets in a number of cities.
Hello
Please ignore if this is inappropriate to ask. I remember you mentioning you have family in NOI. Can you share how/when they joined, and if they are still part of NOI. I was reading about it recently and that reminded me bc for so long before, I assumed the organization was long dead.
Hey there. I’ve had family join the NOI through a number of ways throughout the 90s to as recent as about 2016 (and maybe after that). One of the most important conversions in the family occurred when a family member, who was a college student at that time, went to a synagogue on his college campus (another relative of mine worked at its library, IIRC). When he got there, the people asked his opinion about Farrakhan. At the time he didn’t know anything about Farrakhan. But the way they were attacking him, it made my relative look into him further, and he found a program catered to creating family and community and positive changes for the black man. So he got involved.
Another generation was affected when going to hear the Minister speak at his million man march in 2015.
The NOI was quite active and influential in the 90s. They’re mentioned frequently in classic rap, the U.S. government condemned big Bro. Khalid Muhammad, and Minister Farrakhan as well as others were going on Donahue discussing black nationalist talking points. The organization is still alive now too, though I don’t think it’s currently experiencing the growth it was experiencing in the 90s.
Beautiful Blessed Gift came in right at Jummah time, word to Imam Ali ع
not sure if im talking sense here, but do you think the Liu Song replacing Jin helped the Northern Wei survive the legitimacy issue that plagued the 16 Kingdoms?
I assume by this you mean the idea that the Southern dynasties were more legitimate than the Northern dynasties, right?
Liu Yu's usurpation definitely helped Northern Wei in that it attracted a number of southern nobility who opposed Liu Yu to defect to Northern Wei. These southern nobility ended up integrating into Northern Wei and were given military posts, as the Northern Wei rulers believed that appointing ex-southerners to these posts would win over the local southerners. This was definitely a part of Tuoba Si's strategy in 422-3, and was also deployed in Tuoba Tao's campaigns.
So in that sense, yes, it did help the Northern Wei in their campaigns in the south. But the legitimacy issue was also based on ethnic lines as well as usurpation from the legitimate dynasty. Southerners would see Liu Song as more legitimate than Northern Wei because their rulers were Han Chinese, and Northern Wei rulers were still very Xianbei until Tuoba Tao's reforms and the Sinicisation programme under Xiaowen didn't start until after Liu Song had been replaced by Northern Qi.
Northern Wei was broadly successful in its wars against Liu Song, as they were effective at utilising their cavalry forces in open plains and had relative political and economic stability compared to previous states (though there were still rebellions). The main obstacles for them were their lack of a navy to launch a real threat to the southern heartlands, the southern climate, and their relative weakness in siege warfare. So the legitimacy issue didn't seem to stop Northern Wei from winning wars against the south, and they even appeared to be successful at winning over parts of the population as well.
This AoE DLC reminds me I really need to play that new Dynasty Warriors games…
The new Three Kingdoms campaigns on AoE are so interesting. They have these flaws that seem weird when I’m listening to the narration, but I’ve absolutely enjoyed the gameplay.
How's the balance between the factions? Do the mechanical choices reflect the Three Kingdoms factions well?
They’re definitely balanced pretty well, and in a fun way that definitely makes you think of 3K. Tbh, I think we’ll see the devs buff them cause they could generally be better in terms of the whole game.
Wu seems to actually be the strongest of the DLC. Their new Jian Swordsman is really strong in the mid game, although it falls off later, especially as cavalry gets stronger. In late game they get good enough cav/infantry, but they have to spam constantly. They get fire archers that work as a new type of siege unit almost, burning houses and stuff, and they seem to be one of the best naval civs in the game now.
Wei feels strong initially, they get a small villager lead and their cavalry hits hard. They’re decent in that they don’t have a ton of other options, but really their fast cav attacks are nice. But they fall off for sure.
Shu, funnily enough, is really unimpressive early on. There’s not a ton that’s great about them, but as the game goes on their defensive White Feather Guards, Zhuge Liang’s bolt magazine, and some other buffs make them decent for defending against Wu and Wei.
The new Three Kingdoms campaigns on AoE are so interesting. They have these flaws that seem weird when I’m listening to the narration, but I’ve absolutely enjoyed the gameplay.
Three Kingdoms coming to AoE is so crazy, all I know is I’m bout to have a blast on those campaigns fr
After I spent so much of this year writing a thesis, reading new topics, witnessing genocide and martyrdom after martyrdom, I lowkey forgot I had a tumblr lol.
I hope everyone has been good, and I hope folks are still learning history of all kinds!
I once saw criticism of Tuoba Si's administration as being excessively harsh and even cruel. How correct do you think this is? To me it seemed more strict but fair. And on the topic, what do you think of Tuoba Gui's administration? It seems to have started brilliantly but went downhill in his later years.
I'm afraid I can't give a very informed answer to this, especially since all my books are currently elsewhere. I don't remember there being any real threats to his rule, and the succession was orderly, so there is limits to how cruel it can have been.
Similarly with Tuoba Gui, I think the survival of the early Tuoba state speaks to its fundamental soundness in an era where kingdoms rose and fell so quickly. As for the excesses of Tuoba Gui's final years, I'm not dismissing them entirely, however we can see in the trope-filled story found in the Songshu that the stories of his cruelties became quite embellished over the years. The Weishu's accounts seem much more credible in comparison, but may still be somewhat exaggerated.
I will be discussing this topic in my Northern Wei series articles. The Weishu gives this comment on his administrative abilities:
"太宗即位，修廢官，恤民隱，命南平公長孫嵩、北新侯安同對理民訟，庶政復有敍焉。帝既練精庶事，為吏者浸以深文避罪."
"Taizong ascended the throne, repaired abandoned offices, relieved the people's suffering, ordered the Duke of Nanping Zhangsun (Baba) Song and the Marquis of Beixin An Tong to manage the disputes of the people, and common governance was restored and expressed. The emperor was proficient in the various affairs, and those who served as officials gradually because they were well-versed in refined writings avoided faults."
To me, this seems to be talking about a well-run administration. Tuoba Si does seem to have been strict with his officials, as another biography mentions that he frequently punished their offenses via canings, but he never seemed unfair or excessive to me. As well, he does seem to have treated the common people well, providing relief and listening to their concerns. I don't think his administration was cruel. The Weishu also praises him as a virtuous ruler, though these praises were common for early rulers of a dynasty in the book pertaining to said dynasty.
It should also be noted that even though he launched a campaign against Liu Song, the Songshu didn't make out Tuoba Si to be a tyrant, but it did make out Tuoba Gui and Tuoba Dao to be tyrants. This indicates that his rule should have been more benevolent than his father's or his son's. As well, the large amount of refugee activity from other states and the submission of various tribes to him should indicate that his rule was relatively stable and people were willing to live under it, which means it could not have been too cruel.
I agree on Tuoba Gui's later reign. There is no doubt that there was a mental decline in Tuoba Gui and a decline in his administration. However, the claims of the Songshu seem purposefully embellished to defame their rivals. The anecdote about Tuoba Gui destroying his own county because of a prophecy he misinterpreted seems too outlandish, cliched and relying on storytelling tropes, and seems more at home in a fantasy novel than in historical records.
I think that the Weishu records on his later reign should be much more reliable. They had much less reason to defame Tuoba Gui compared to the Songshu. His cruelty in his later reign can be backed up by the noted attempts of Tuoba Si to fix these problems, Tuoba Si fleeing the capital rather than accept his summon to his father, and the executions and demotions of officials as mentioned in records, even if specific anecdotes are exaggerated.
Another record in the Songshu I find too outlandish to be true is the claim that Tuoba Dao was unknown to Tuoba Si and treated like a slave by the palace at age 15 or 16. It makes no sense, as at 15 or 16, Tuoba Si had made Tuoba Dao acting ruler of the state, and the officials all seemed to respect him highly. This makes no sense if the Songshu record is correct, so I suspect it was written to defame him.
You should be furious that people trying to escape genocide in Gaza, Sudan, Congo all need raise an absurd amount of money just to survive
You should be furious at how these people went through atrocity after atrocity and still need raise tens of thousands of dollars to get away
You should be furious at this insidious thing that completely encapsulates how capitalism feeds off of blood
