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U.S.A. FDA studies RFID medical device recognition follow up system actively

American food medicines administration bureau FDA health spa, will work out medical equipment and articles and discern the system specification draft of tracing at the end of 2008.

At present, the final user participation proposal that this office has been soliciting RFID industry actively and already trying RFID system on the market of medical treatment and health care.

Two years ago, FDA began to study the unique device identification system (UDI) Function in information of automatic collection. In August of 2006, this organization gave notice, collected the appraisal opinion of the apparatus industry, health care industry and apparatus user that used UDI at that time.

After summarizing the appraisal opinions of 3 months, FDA has planned to draw up the system specification proposal at the beginning of 2007, and release to for the public to examine and comment on, but because U.S.A. will exert pressure and fail to achieve one's goal.

The spokesman Ann Ferriter of CDRH talks about, CDRH if use RFID technology in the hospital or other medical health-care facilities while studying now, whether will produce the radio frequency disturbance or health risk. Ferriter quote can distinguish the intersection of RFID and the intersection of reader writer and pulse and pacemaker, heartbeat of pulse for example perhaps, enumerate others include the intersection of infusion and pump, acouophone, defibrillate device and programmable the intersection of cardiac valves and inner sensitive apparatus also, prove that has not found any RFID interference phenomenon.

Ferriter says, FDA has realized RFID function in the field of health product tracing of the hygiene. However, CDRH can do further study, especially lays particular emphasis on studying 13.56 MHz wrist strap used in the hospital.

CDRH senior consultant Jay Crowley says, has no concrete medical instrument follow up system or seriation to appraise the system in U.S.A. at present. Though prescribed medicine adopts the identification number label to mark the products type, but the medical equipment is not. At present, FDA is studying the tracing descent system that is directing against medicines now.

Crowley point out medicines it imitates to be very frequent, imitate the medical equipment of high value, have, just uncommon. In addition, the position that can find out the particular apparatus rapidly in medicines are recalled is very important. Employ medical equipment recall system seem very important, have to system that medical equipment recalls at present.

FDA may consider implementing a similar descent system to the medical equipment finally, but not worked out in the draft.

Crowley points out, up until now, none of countries can implement the inner medical equipment follow up system of the range of China. For this reason, FDA is with Japan, China, European Union and several South America country at present, can research and develop the generally acknowledged unified follow up system at the international level together.

Crowley says, FDA is still studying the market of medical equipment at present, attempts to solve appearance and operating principle problem of this identification system. Discern target's medicine support from rubber gloves to 30,000 dollars of value, and concrete tracing requirement and tracing technology look at different apparatus but different to some extent.

Finally, Crowley says, " have a lot of device types, can or should use RFID technological tracing, however, the bar code is under deliberation. We will keep technological neutrality. "

#FDA #medical equipment #discerns the follow up system #the medical instrument

Faceplate fierce battle of the liquid crystal Very beautiful electron " Nanhai Sea plan " Staging

Very beautiful electron as one of global four major liquid crystal faceplate factories was revealed on the forum of the digital television of high definition of Shenzhen a few days ago, it made meticulously " Nanhai Sea plan " ,Has already made good progress at present, except that famous color TV manufacturers of 27 continents such as Konka, Hisense, TCL have joined, its Nanhai Sea the intersection of liquid crystal and the intersection of die set and factory turn round well since going into operation last year, this year increase by 3 times productivity, thus meet the demand of the Chinese liquid crystal complete machine manufacturer in an all-round way.

Regarded as and entered the continent in later big factory of liquid crystal faceplate, very beautiful electron is after establishing very beautiful electronic LCD TV faceplate module factory of Nanhai Sea on the south sea area of Foshan of Guangdong 2006, workses such as apparatus factory, former material factory, TV chip factory, power factory, mould factory and complete machine brand in the industry chain of integration is visited from head to foot,etc., develop the 1st generation of serial LCD TV faceplates of Nanhai Sea 26, 32, 423 series, the ones that have as it always goes, taken shape " Nanhai Sea plan " .

The innovative undertaking of very beautiful electronic industry chain develops the total place and stands and should be pointed out oldly, very beautiful electron go in coordination and the intersection of low reaches and nearly 30 manufacturers introduce the 2nd generation of full-scale Nanhai Sea aircraft type in 2008 together, the main aircraft type is 21.6, 26, 32, 42, 47,etc. and 5 aircraft types, this mode, except that there is the 1st generation of integration and optimize the structure of cost, have energy-conservation, material-saving, hour such as verse also " 3S" Characteristic. The south sea board is increasing in the total products proportion of very beautiful electronic TV faceplate continuously at present, and very beautiful electron plans to introduce the aircraft types of Nanhai Sea of 8 pieces of size in 2009, the proportion will further increase in the future.

Very beautiful electronic TV faceplate Chen ZhengRong, division chief of place of technological application and development shows, the production of 3 pieces of size is 1,200,000 slices in the 2007 of aircraft type of Nanhai Sea, it is estimated the production of 5 pieces of size will be 3 times those of 2007 in 2008, will also reach 3,600,000 slices soon, and the size will reach 8 in 2009, it is estimated production will also soar continuously.

Chen ZhengRong points out, the aircraft type of Nanhai Sea is different from other manufacturers on the energy-conserving method, other manufacturers carry on energy-conservation in a manner to increase and brighten the membrane mainly, this will increase the cost, but very beautiful electron is set about from respects such as the design, process for preparing,etc., through increasing the photic utilization factor, achieve energy-conservation and purpose to lower costs. Estimate with the complete machine, 26, 42 very beautiful faceplates can probably reduce 10% of the cost for the complete machine manufacturer, according to about 5~6% gross margin percentage of complete machine factory at present, add " Nanhai Sea plan " The help to the complete machine factory is not small.

It is reported, add " Nanhai Sea plan " at present 27 house continent color TV factory,except Xiahua, capital is in a situation that the retail price of the complete machine does not rise, obtain the profit on 26 models. And the continent color TV factory is in 26 models, two big international brands of relative Sony and Samsung, have obtained certain competitive edge.

It is reported, very beautiful electronic " Nanhai Sea plan " Also already attention of two major liquid crystal giant Samsung of South Korea and LG, these two manufacturers have been already setting about carrying on the similar project. How will this mode develop in the future, have already aroused great concern from industry.

#Liquid crystal faceplate #high definition #digital television

The Motorola cell-phone market share is dropped to 9.5%

Chief executive officers of Motorola Greg and Brown claim, the share on market of the whole world mobile phone of Motorola had been already from 17.5% one year ago, drop to present 9.5%.

Brown says to the analyst in discussing the telephone conference of the achievement of company first quarter, lack the mobile phone new product and continue influencing the mobile phone business of Motorola to recover. He adds, the company will have more extensive product mix next year, will introduce a series of mobile phone products before the end of this year.

The mobile phone business of Motorola mainly concentrates on the North American market, the mobile phone of this market sales accounts for 40% of the share that its whole mobile phone is sold. Brown said, estimated the company the mobile phone in the second quarter was sold and be slightly higher than in the first quartered, operating loss is analogous to

In order to further promote the business to increase, Motorola has also adopted and cut down the action of the cost. Paul, chief financial officer of company, represents, estimates company's general expenditure expenses will drop by 540 million dollars this year, researching and developing the cost will drop by 240 million dollars. He shows, however, it will cause the rising of other cost that the company strips the action of the business. Brown refuses to comment to the concrete figure that the company strips the cost. He points out: "Correlated with stripping and work and carry on without any confusion, progress is very smooth at present, we can well control the relevant situation. "

Paul says, Motorola has sufficient cash to pay its dividend. In order to be asked the company, while paying the dividend in the future, he refuses to prove when to pay the dividend.

#The mobile phone #Motorola

Ask for profit slump 47% one quarter such as love The mobile phone rank falls to the fifth

Sony Ericsson (hereafter referred to as and ask for the love) The company released Q1 wealth newspaper of this year on this Wednesday local time, is influenced by the fact that taking a picture and music mobile phone demand of the high side of European market shrink gradually, its Q1 net profit glides 47% compared with the same period of last year, asks for the rank of making trader of global mobile phone of the love and takes advantage of a situation and drops to the fifth too.

Ask for and love executive vice president and concurrently marketing director Anders Runevad for showing at the telephone conference, " we have seen the trend that advanced mobile phone market demand slows down, the users take notice of their cost in this respect further. "

Ask for and like company's representing, the shortage of easing up because of the demand and mobile phone component, the pre-tax profit of Q1 falls from 363 million euro one year ago to 193 million euro (306 million dollars) this year ,The amount of decrease reaches 47% high, this data have been entered between minimum profit districted of 200 million euro and warning 1.5 that causes because of being left by global economy and declined companies, but the data that Reuter investigates are 176 million euro. In addition its Q1 sales amount is 2,700 million euro, 2,930 million euro compared with the same period of last year glides 7.6%.

The organization CCS Insight of market survey is in charge of Ben Wood to represent, " the shortage of the component of the mobile phone forms for one of the depressing factors this first quarter. Whether the macroscopic economic situation continues worsening, it was the increasingly terrible trading environment that manufacturer faced the mobile phone. Only valueing the profit rate of the products will criticize and criticize, will shift to the low priced products of low-end too impatient to waitly. "

Ask for and love the stock price to go up by 0.8% on European Dow Jones' scientific and technological index slightly, close at Swedish Krone of 11.97 yuan. Though sales amount and pre-tax profit data glide by a wide margin, ask for the expectancy after loving Q1 achievement to exceed the analyst to adjust more scared than hurtly. The analyst Hannu Rauhala of Pohjola bank shows, " to the change on these data, the attitude of the general company is often very prudent. "

In addition, another important analytical data (ASP, average selling price) of the mobile phone trade Can't ignore either. ASP of Q1 has dropped to 121 euro this year to ask for love, but the data at the same period last year are 134 euro. Even so, ASP data at 120 euro are slightly higher than the market by anticipated 120 euro. Jan Ihrfelt, analyst of Sveriges Riksbank, point out market expect and actual consequential difference depend on mainly that asks for and loves Company for researching and developing the expenditure of expense relevant Mobile.

Ask for and love the official side to show that hope this year's global market share can increase by about 10 percentage points, can basically catch up with the step of cell-phone giant's Nokia. With the walking and declining of global economy, the PES-man's line of sight is a development trend gradually to the transformation of the low priced mobile phone, in order to cater to the change on this demand, staring at the low priced low-end mobile phone will ask for the goal of this year of the love closely.

#The mobile phone #the mobile phone of the music #Sony Ericsson

The triumphant bright company is close to closing the poverty-stricken situation 3G industry predicament is conspicuous

In China 3G standard TD-SCDMA (hereafter referred to as TD) On eve of dawn, TD key chip manufacturer is triumphant to produce the fund chain and rupture, is close to the poverty-stricken situation that closes the door tomorrow. The industry is shocked by it, but Yang Hua, alliance's general secretary of TD industry, shows, the alliance has already communicated, firmly believe triumphantly and bright that will tide over the difficulty quickly.

In fact, the triumphant and bright chip technology goes straight in the front at present. And the intersection of China and TD begin, try commercial to distribute telephone numbers already at present, distance formally commercial to have one step away only.

Yesterday, " it will stopped running tomorrow that TD chip manufacturer was triumphant " News produce,it is stop not running at the end April not to is it bright to it is be triumphant to claim. It is said, this company has not paid out wages for three months in succession, of different minds. This company CEO my jade book verified yesterday, the company really has no additional funding to enter at present, the fund chain ruptures, administration and supervision authorities are making the final efforts at present, strive for the fund and bring the company back to life.

As to the arrangement of company staff, Yu YuShu denies " the Company requires all staff to resign voluntarily within 4 workdays " Statement. He emphasizes to the reporter, the staff who would still have an optimistic view of, like to pass company's prospect down, short-term day may be will be a little more bitter; Hope to leave, the company will help them to look for the opportunity.

And what made industry worried is, a predicament of the triumphant and bright problem prominent present China TD industry, namely a large sum of input of research and development has been unable to receive the repayment for many years, but this certainly will attack the confidence of market of TD.

But Yang Hua does not worry about this. "It is very normal in the company manages that the fund question appears, the triumphant and bright difficulty has something to do with industry's great environment, has put into for many years after all, the fund is really a bottleneck. But I believe this problem will be solved soon. " Yang Hua shows, the alliance has already communicated with the relevant respect as soon as possible after hearing the news while interviewing by reporter, offer help from the side. Yang Hua does not think the triumphant bright predicament will influence the industrialization process of the whole TD industry chain. The season that the whole TD industry chain is reaped will come soon, will have no reason to retreat.

However, if you want to really dispel the triumphant and bright trouble, its big shareholders will reach an agreement as soon as possible, pour into the fresh blood. Establish on will it be February 2002 tomorrow while being triumphant, five main the intersection of TD and the intersection of chip and manufacturer one of at present, jointly provide funds and make up by Nokia, the intersection of Dezhou and instrument, the intersection of LG and the intersection of electron,etc. and several companies. It is said, the contradiction about the further capital injection between the big shareholders is very great at the end of last year, have not reached the opinion adding more money. And the way of the triumphant bright capital injection of venture capital that has been seeking all the time is stranded recently.

#TD #3G

It is only an atom that British graphite alkene transistor-resistor logic breaks through the thickness

The researchers of Britain Manchester university have succeeded in developing the transistor-resistor logic minimum in size, its thickness is an atom, the section is 10 atoms.

This great progress has already been issued on the latest Science, and broken the graphite alkene transistor-resistor logic world record of sectional 100nm that this group created last year.

Graphite alkene was connected in an intricate way by carbon atom, even if there is the thickness of a atomic layer that can also keep a lot of characteristics - -Among them the most important thing is the conductivity. Crystal quality and electricity characteristic of this material are surprisingly high, and researchers claim that there is several potential application to condense attitude physics and electronic device field.

The scientist of U.S.A. Maryland university showed last month, it was only one atom thick pure carbon structure that they had already signified single-storeyed graphite alkene out. Different from most semiconductor materials, they find the characteristic of graphite alkene does not vary with temperature.

The group of Manchester adopts the standard semi-conductive manufacturing technology and makes transistor-resistor logic out. Begin with a small graphite alkene lamella, adopt the electron beam exposure and carve the channel out on the material. On a quantum dot with little small circle cage of station keeping of middle part known as the central island. The voltage can change the conductivity of these quantum dots, can store the logic attitude like standard field effect transistor in this way.

Under the leading of physics and astronomical Dr. Kostya Novoselov of institute and Andre Geim professor of the university of Manchester, the latest research develops to reveal, the transistor-resistor logic that can be made of graphite alkene makes up the very small circuit, the size of the transistor-resistor logic is not much older than single atom.

But Dr. Novoselov points out cautiously, can't produce large-scale graphite alkene yet at present. They can only produce graphite alkene crystal of about 100 microns of section, this is really too small to should use in industrying.

" perhaps can solve this problem over the next several years, " He says so.

After the size that the master shortcoming is the material is smaller than 10 nanometers, its stability is very bad. Under this kind of space dimension, all semiconductors - -Including silicon - -Will all oxidize, decompose, it is moved and not controlled along the surface, just the same as the water droplet drop on hot plate.

Four years ago, Geim and his colleagues in Manchester became the first group that studied graphite alkene, this material is a material of the first kind of monoatomic thickness, can regard as level of a layer of atoms collected the graphite structure. Graphite alkene had already become one of the research directions that semi-conductive material science is hottest hereafter.

"Before this, in order to obtain the new circuit structure, researchers adopt the macromolecule to prepare single transistor-resistor logic. Add some chemical methods into computer project " ,Novoselov appraises like this. "it and make up now last kinds of materials the same molecule of transistor-resistor logic computer framework when and it is final ( Graphite alkene) Make, can consider their direct connection. And it was the manufacturing approach the same as semi-conductive industry at present that adopted. "

Geim adds: "It is early to make the promise of the supercomputer of graphite alkene. We are not very high either when making such a small transistor-resistor logic success rate. Unfortunately, have not really cut the technology of the material with the nanometer precision yet at present. But this is a challenge that the electronic device needs facing of era of silicon after all. We have a kind of material that can meet such requirement now at least. "

"These transistor-resistor logics can work, and can work in the air, under the room temperature condition - -The environment that the electronic device can be used at present that that is to say, " Geim introduces so. He still adds the characteristic of graphite alkene " Surmount " A order of magnitude of silicon, are similar to other preferably material characteristics, and adopt graphite alkene craft and silicon craft of producing circuit to be very compatible.

"We adopt the step the same as silicon industry to make transistor-resistor logic at present. So once we have enough large graphite alkene wafer, all right that that adopts the same process sequence directly. "

But Geim perhaps will appear to represent the first chip based on graphite alkene in 10 years, and think this material may be used in LCD display unit first and replace the Off-The-Shelf transparent electrode material.

#Transistor-resistor logic #graphite alkene #electronic device #the semiconductor

Show vehicle carried and sensorily that measures scientific and technological GE that strikes a pose in the car show of Beijing

GE is sensory and measuring science and technology and striking a pose in the tenth Beijing international car exhibition accessories exhibition area. At this exhibition, GE is sensory and has measured science and technology to show the world leads lateral vehicle carried sensor, non-destructive inspection, little focus roentgen rays and industry CT technology, have emphasized and devoted to offering the high-quality sensory and detection technique solution for Chinese car and spare part manufacturer continuously, help the car making of China to promote simultaneously with world standard.

Here on this exhibition, the vehicle carried sensor that GE showed has offered the outstanding solution in ensuring the vehicle security, carriage to be comfortable, controlling exhaust emission, air-conditioning system etc., fully embody " safe, comfortable, environmental protection " Design sum manufacture idea.

In the vehicle security, GE has introduced the monitoring system of tire pressure (TPMS) of new generation Sensor. This sensor has integrated GE Nova diffusion silicon pressure capsule and acceleration sensor based on MEMS technology, and have low power consumption ASIC of built-in temperature, voltage measurement function, respond to the request that TPMS metric precision and long ageing ran. In cleaning and discharging, GE sensor automotive passes the precision measure of the systematic temperature, pressure, gas isoparameter, it is controlled that the ones that help to reach to the power assembly are perfect. In order to help the Chinese car manufacturer to reach more rigorous discharge regulation ' Europe 4 / Europe 5) The standard, GE will still put out Nox (the oxides of nitrogen) soon Sensor and HT (high temperature) New products such as the sensor,etc., are used for monitoring the exhaust emission of the oil engine. In comfortable to drive respect, the intersection of GE and through to humiture, air quality, the intersection of carbon dioxide and real-time monitoring of density under bus automotive sensor, and through the compensation to the inner sunshine intensity of car, help the automatic air-conditioning system to carry on the environmental conditioning in the car, thus it is comfortable to realize and drive.

The roentgen rays detection technique of GE shown at the same time can be used in car wheel nave, part of the engine and security part,etc. and carry on non-destructive inspection, and the supersonic detector series USLT2000 designed for the point welding of the car specially, already the famous car manufacturer chooses outside China far and wide. What deserves particular mention is that just added Germany Phoenix X ray Company of GE big family last October, its little focus roentgen rays technology and computer tomoscan are widely used in failure analysis, can also apply to quality assurance or product control. It can measure the car part of nearly all kinds, including machinery one, casting, weld assembly, electronic element, composite material. Two peacekeeping three-dimensional roentgen rays technological world of Phoenix X ray leads, offers overall, customer's made-to-order system for trades such as the car, electron,etc. and measures the solution.

GE is sensory and measuring science and technology, the ones that incorporated a world-class level of innovative technology and abundant experience of a dozen trade famous brands purchased globalized it in the business group. With the swift and violent growth of the business in China, GE is while strengthening independent research and development ability and service ability constantly, still pay much attention to the localization that is produced. Since entering China, have built the production base of sensory business in Beijing and Shanghai in succession, set up production base - GE of Asia, find in Changzhou also recently (Changzhou) Limited company, has fully reflected GE is based on China, commitment and resolution of the service China.

Rely on the intersection of speciality and leading design and the intersection of manufacture and experience, car and spare part manufacturer establish the stable cooperation relation for a long time, and offer high-quality sensory and detection products and solution to them. It is pointed out that GE is sensory and measures the yellow gram of scientific and technological president of Greater China district strongly: "We hope to make newer and more high-quality products for the Chinese market through Changzhou factory. Our aim is through the production of the localization, press close to the market even more, press close to the customer, devoted to raising production efficiency and benefit for the customer, help China to make and go to the world, win the global competition. "

#Car show #GE is sensory #vehicle carried sensor #the monitoring system of tire pressure #electronic element

2008 car safe Singapore side navigatings turn towards

The future car not merely cares about oil-economizing question, the most important one is the place where you want to go to send you Safety Ground. The traffic accident is often the topic that we discuss with rescuing, and the conclusion is often all come down to, we need improvement car navigating and security system. However, it is difficult to settle this problem well. For example, though Assist technology of OnStar of General Motors and BMW can offer very great help, but they generally need the aid of the mobile phone mobile communication network. The reality is, in a bit more remote area, the mobile phone signal is often insecure.

Fortunately a lot of automakers and government departments of various countries have been already setting about studying some newer technology, in order to offer more valid help to us in urgent cases. These new technologies are mainly concentrated in such aspects as new navigation system, emergency braking sensing system and car wireless communication system. In all these technology, sensor network (sensornetwork) Will play an important role, the meaning of its maximum will lie in preventing trouble before it happens. For example and driver send out severe weather, road control and drive a vehicle the prewarning of the accident to car in time, thus reduce possibility of the accident.

Safe Singapore side navigating turns towards the car

When and live in the routine work, the time that people stay in the means of transportation is longer and longer. So, the meaning of allocating the more convenient commercial facility for the car is greater and greater, because this will help we and family, colleague to obtain and get in touch in time, also help us to find the danger early. Moreover, the vehicle carried communicating device should also stand up with our commonly used personal communicating device integration, such as mobile phone, PDA,etc.. Because of the above-mentioned reason, a lot of experts believe, the vehicle carried communication system will enter a very high-speed developing period soon.

The onboard navigation system is one of the electronic device of mature car at present most, also help the apparatus of maximum to the driver directly, and its price has already been reduced as to the extent that most car owners would like to buy. A lot of people think, it is meaningful that vehicle carried to navigate only in the strange area. The fact is not like this, because the meaning of the onboard navigation system maximum lies in navigating dynamically, only according to present for road conditions,for example where to be block up, accident where not to happen, where traffic control,etc., help drivers to be chosen the most convenient route. If is in the remote area, the function that the navigation system improves driver's sense of safety is greater, and because generally adopt satellite communications, will not worry not having mobile phone signal and cutting off the connection. In some places, population is not so intensive, if meet accident, the difficulty seeking to be helped is greater. So in the meagrely-populated area, more valuable about the severe weather or information of reaching the state of the way.

#The car navigates #security system #the sensor #navigation system is vehicle carried to navigate

Canada " The miniature mechanical hand " Can be intact to pick up cells

According to the report of today of magazine of Britain " new scientist ", the new miniature mechanical hand that University of Toronto of Canada develops is a pair of miniature machine pliers, grasp the most delicately, can pick up and move a cell and and does not destroy this cell. This miniature mechanical hand can be used for assembling cells in the artificial organization structure, or make mm level and nanometer device.

Pliers of this machine can be put to good use small to 20 strength of receiving Newton, it is 1/1 billion newtons that 1 receives Newton. University of Toronto of Canada is responsible for developing researcher Sun Yu (transliteration) of this project Show, this is that a robot can experience for the first time they grasp the strength of the object slightly like this.

By contrast, the previous pliers are much more inferior, such good strength does not feel.

Pliers of this machine not merely can experience their faint grasping strength for the first time, still can experience the surface that they are exposed to. When they meet the things, they feel, so, can help them to near cell and other objects before breaking. Mean when connecting microscopes and appropriate software this kinds of ability,this machine pliers can automatic stable operation in unwatched cases. Even use their strength all over, they can only let 2/1000000 grams of objects break away from the gravitational constraint, that is to say they can move weight of 2/1000000 gram at most.

It is reported, the arms of pliers of this machine are probably only 3 millimetres long, have 5 " fingers " Can catch the cells of 10 microns big diameter. While testing that grasps the greater heart cell ,Pliers of this machine can pick up and move this cell in case of not destroying this cell. If held tight this cell with 100 strength of receiving Newton, pliers of this machine would destroy only 15% of rate of shape of this cell.

Pliers of this machine can be by software control, the software discriminates single cells, and can move pliers of this machine to the appropriate position within several seconds. Sun Yu shows, this is faster than people. Pliers of this machine have tactility, can know by catching a cell in a more cost-effective manner more. During test, researchers still let pliers of this machine pick up the cells, and arrange them into area, in order to represent their superb ability.

Gladly, pliers of this machine are quite cheap, about 50 dollars for one, if it is only needing about 10 dollars enough to produce in batches, this is because they can be etched and make by the silicon dice.

#The miniature mechanical hand #nanometer #single cells