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@hvac-eng
Belimo SelectPro – Free Download
SelectPro is a quick and simple tool for accurately sizing and selecting valves, actuators, sensors and replacement solutions for HVAC systems. Key Features Design custom exports tailored to your project specifications and workflows. Access technical data sheets, catalogs, and specifications in one centralized location. Save multiple client and supplier profiles for faster project setup and…
Direct-to-Chip Liquid Cooling: The Future of High-Density Data Center Thermal Management
Data center power densities have surged from 4 kW per rack to 12-30 kW and beyond, driven by AI workloads that demand 10× more electricity than traditional searches. Traditional air cooling can no longer handle these thermal loads, making liquid cooling not just preferable but essential for modern GPU and CPU clusters. Why Liquid Cooling Dominates Liquid coolants carry over 1,000 times more…
Variable Speed Compressors with Twin Rotary Inverter Technology
The HVAC industry is experiencing a paradigm shift with variable speed compressors incorporating twin rotary inverter technology, delivering unprecedented energy efficiency and performance optimization. This convergence represents the most significant advancement in compressor technology since the original inverter revolution. Twin Rotary Technology: The Core Innovation Twin rotary compressors…
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Cooling Tower Equalization: Engineering Fundamentals and Best Practices
Cooling tower equalization is a critical engineering consideration for multi-cell cooling tower installations that ensures balanced water levels and optimal system performance. This technical overview examines the fundamental principles, design requirements, and implementation strategies for effective equalization systems. Side equalizer with isolation valve Bottom equalizer with cleanout…
HVAC Duct Design: Duct Fittings Friction Loss
Duct fittings friction loss represents critical HVAC design calculations that determine pressure drops through elbows, tees, transitions, and other directional changes within ductwork systems. Professional engineers utilize established friction loss data to accurately size fans, optimize ductwork layouts, and ensure proper airflow distribution while minimizing energy consumption and maintaining…
HVAC Duct Design: Dampers, Attenuators, and Coils Friction Loss
Dampers, attenuators, and coils friction loss represents specialized HVAC design calculations that determine pressure drops through control devices, sound attenuation equipment, and heat transfer coils within ductwork systems. Professional engineers utilize established friction loss data to accurately size fans, optimize system performance, and ensure proper airflow distribution while maintaining…
HVAC Duct Design: Duct Round to Rectangular Equivalent
Round to rectangular duct equivalency represents a fundamental HVAC design calculation that enables engineers to convert between circular and rectangular ductwork while maintaining equivalent airflow characteristics and pressure loss performance. Professional engineers utilize established equivalency methods to accommodate space constraints, construction requirements, and system optimization…
HVAC Duct Design: Duct Friction Loss
Duct friction loss represents a fundamental HVAC design calculation that determines pressure drop through straight ductwork sections due to air friction against duct surfaces. Professional engineers utilize friction loss calculations to size fans, determine energy consumption, and optimize duct systems for efficient air distribution while maintaining design airflow throughout the…
HVAC Duct Design: Duct Pressure Classification
Duct pressure classification represents a fundamental HVAC design principle that establishes construction standards based on the operating static pressure within ductwork systems. Professional engineers utilize SMACNA pressure classifications to specify appropriate duct construction methods, material thickness, reinforcement requirements, and connection details to ensure safe and reliable…
HVAC Duct Design – Sizing Contaminant-Extraction Ducts (Smoke | Grease | Gases | Dry & Moist Dust)
ASHRAE’s Pocket Guide lists minimum conveying velocities that keep contaminants airborne while they travel through exhaust ductwork. Table 2.9 (2013 edition, Ch. 02, pp. 60 & 64) groups typical industrial/kitchen contaminants into velocity “bands”; designers size each run so the calculated average velocity is at or above the value for the heaviest contaminant it must carry. Contaminant group…
HVAC Duct Design: Commercial Kitchen Duct Sizing
Commercial kitchen duct sizing represents a specialized HVAC design discipline that addresses the unique requirements of grease-laden vapor removal, high-temperature exhaust, fire safety, and code compliance in food service operations. Professional engineers utilize established methodologies to calculate appropriate duct dimensions for exhaust hoods, make-up air systems, and ventilation equipment…
HVAC Duct Design: Duct Sizing by Velocity & Noise Criteria (NC)
Duct sizing by velocity and noise criteria (NC) represents a fundamental HVAC design methodology that determines appropriate duct dimensions based on maximum acceptable air velocities and noise levels to ensure occupant comfort and acoustic performance. Professional engineers utilize this approach when noise control takes precedence over energy considerations, particularly in noise-sensitive…
HVAC Duct Design: Duct Sizing by Equal Friction Method
The Equal Friction Method represents a fundamental HVAC duct sizing approach that maintains constant pressure loss per unit length throughout the main duct runs, providing a systematic methodology for determining duct dimensions while ensuring balanced air distribution and efficient system operation. Professional engineers utilize this standardized calculation technique to simplify complex duct…
HVAC Duct Design: Duct Sizing SMACNA Recommendations
SMACNA (Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors’ National Association) duct sizing recommendations represent fundamental HVAC design methodologies for calculating appropriate duct dimensions to deliver required airflow while maintaining acceptable pressure losses and system efficiency. Professional engineers utilize these standardized calculation methods to ensure optimal air distribution…
HVAC Ventilation Design: Lift/Elevator Pressurization
Lift/elevator pressurization represents critical life safety HVAC design requirements for maintaining protected vertical transportation during fire emergencies through systematic air pressurization of elevator shafts and machine rooms. Professional standards provide comprehensive methodologies for calculating pressurization airflow rates, managing pressure differentials, and coordinating with…
HVAC Ventilation Design: Staircase Pressurization + Relief Vent Sizing
Staircase pressurization and relief vent sizing represent critical life safety HVAC design requirements for maintaining protected egress routes during fire emergencies through systematic air pressurization and controlled pressure relief. Professional standards provide comprehensive methodologies for calculating pressurization airflow rates, managing pressure differentials, and sizing relief vents…
HVAC Ventilation Design: Corridor/Lift Lobby/Atrium Make-Up/Pressurization
Corridor, lift lobby, and atrium make-up air and pressurization systems represent critical life safety HVAC design requirements for maintaining tenable conditions and preventing smoke infiltration during fire emergencies. Professional standards provide comprehensive methodologies for calculating pressurization airflow rates, managing pressure differentials, and coordinating with smoke management…