On the 21st Messidor, at the Jacobins, Robespierre had endeavoured to set the deputies’ minds at rest with regard to the rumours representing him as premeditating further blood-letting among them: “People are trying to persuade every member that the Committee of Public Safety has proscribed him. This plot really exists… . They are trying to make the Convention tremble, to prejudice it against the Revolutionary Tribunal and restore the system of Danton and Camille Desmoulins. On all sides the seeds of discord have been sown… . I beg all members to be on their guard against the treacherous insinuations of certain persons, who, alarmed for themselves, desire to make others share their fears… ”
Barère was replying indirectly to this speech when on the 2nd Thermidor [emphasis added] he said from the tribune of the Convention: “Citizens, those invested with a terrible but necessary authority should not go about influencing the popular sections by carefully prepared speeches. The people must watch them both in office and at home.” In other words, Barère reproached Robespierre of course without naming him with stirring up the Jacobins and the Duplays’ circle against the Government. This was the first time that he ventured timidly to join in the battle.
Robespierre’s Fall and other essays (Albert Mathiez), p.157 f.
(Ooc: While 9th Thermidor is coming up in a few days, let's focus on the positives and realize all the good he attempted to do. And pinpoint who the real villains are in this story.
Let's not focus so much on his death but his legacy and boy did he have one and one which we continue to fight for today in order to clear his name. He deserves it so much because I believe while his legacy was tangled with the terror, he did as best as he could in the situation and was a great man.
After reading in Wikipedia how 27 July/9 Thermidor almost became the national holiday of France in 1880, I am imagining this scenario where every year effigies of Robespierre and others are burned and hatred for Robespierre and his allies in this theoretical present is worse than even in this current reality...I need to stop reading depressing things.
His mother died when he was 6 years old, and soon after his father disappeared. Maximilien, his sister and brother, had been raised by their maternal grandparents.
Her acting is simply amazing in the last part of this scene.
Anyway new reaction pics just dropped, choose your fav:
And a gif too:
Two-three years later, she's gonna be so fucking badass and invade the Convention so many times. La liberté ou la mort! I love her so much. She reminds me of the one in the middle here:
Notes:
1) The nets she mentions were located at the bridge of Saint-Cloud just outside of Paris. They were used to gather lost objects and merchandise that people would then sell... but also the bodies of the drowned, which were then sent to the morgue of Paris which was located at the Châtelet. Louis-Sébastien Mercier wrote about it. More specifically, she's referring to a rumor that was said in the press at the time that Bailly had lifted them so the dead couldn't be gathered, and no one would know how many had died.
2) I translated "enragés" with "fanatics" because it makes more sense in the context. It's lower-case "enragés", so it doesn't relate to Jacques Roux yet.
I admire him as a person greatly, but as for talking to him as if I knew him personally, there's a wall separating me from personally knowing him. And I am not just talking about his death either...
What could people get executed for during ”the terror”? Part 2: Arras
A continuation of the investigation regarding what contemporary court documents tell us about this in popular culture rather mythologized topic. Part 1 was about the tribunal in Cambrai and can be found here.
This is a compilation of sentences handed out by the Revolutionary Tribunal in Arras, that existed between 9 March and 12 July 1794, and judged people from the entire department of Pas-de-Calais. An earlier tribunal had existed in the city between 3 July 1793 and 7 March 1794, and had sentenced 47 people to death and acquitted 41 (Paris, volume 1, page 237-238). This new tribunal would however ramp up the process considerably — during its 126 day existence a total of 459 people between the ages of 16 to 89 were brought before it. 324 were sentenced to death, 133 acquitted Divided by month, the sentences look the following assuming I’ve counted all this right:
March — 28 death sentences, 20 acquittals, 1 deportation, 1 sentenced to pillory.
April — 65 death sentences, 16 acquittals.
May — 114 death sentences, 30 acquittals.
June — 86 death sentences, 47 acquittals.
July — 31 death sentences, 20 acquittals.
The source for all the sentences is the two volume work La terreur dans le Pas-de-Calais et dans le Nord: Histoire de Joseph Le Bon et des tribunaux d’Arras et de Cambrai (1864) by historian Auguste Joseph Paris (volume 1, volume 2).
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9 March — Marie-Ernestine-Françoise de Modène, 65, is sentenced to death, having been found guilty of ”complicity in emigration.” (Paris, volume 1, page 239-241)
11 March — the tribunal acquits four people, one suspected of "removing an iron fitting from the Château d'Achiet-le-Petit, which was under official seal,” one who was found with a counter-revolutionary song, one suspected of ”having wanted to propagate royalism through his remarks,” and one who was accused of ”insulting the mayor of Ablain.” (Paris, volume 1, page 241)
12 March — Aimable-Adrien Mallet, baron de Coupigny, 56, is executed, having been identified as an émigré (Paris, volume 1, page 244-245)
13 March — Maximilien-Antoine-Hubert Hémart, 55, is sentenced to death for having incited the restoration of the monarchy. (Paris, volume 1, page 245-246)
15 March — Pierre François de Cool, 71, is executed for having maintained a correpondence with his émigré son. (Paris, volume 1, page 247)
16 March — a trader by the name Benoît-Louis-Joseph Lallart de Berlette, 48, is acquitted, having been suspected of distributing false assignats (Paris, volume 1, page 252-255)
17 March — member of the Academy of Arras Jean-Ghislain-Philippe Fruleux de Souchez, 64, is executed for ”maneuvers and intelligence with the enemies of France” which included possessing at his house the portrait of the ”infamous Capet,” several numbers of the ”infernal, abominable and counter-revolutionary” paper Journal de la Cour et de la Ville(existed between 1789-1792) as well as the ”horribly seditious” work L'Ombre de Juvénal, ou Tableaux des crimes du dix-huitième siècle (1790). The tribunal ordered for these objects to be burned in front of the guillotine. (Paris, volume 1, page 247-248)
18 March — Charles-Oudard-Joseph, marquis de Gouroiinel de Barastre, 74, is executed for in April 1793 having stated to three rent tenants that ”in the event of an invasion of French territory by enemy troops, they should receive the Austrians, who would do them no harm; they should say nothing; they would act in the same way they were treated,” as well as for having émigré relatives. (Paris, volume 1, page 249)
19 March — the trader Benoît-Louis-Joseph Lallart de Berlette who got acquitted three days earlier is brought before the tribunal once again. This time he is sentenced to death alongside Thérèse Dufour, 34, and Laurence-Joseph-Amélie Lallart de Berles, 40, for being "traitors to the homeland, by resisting the revolutionary and republican government, by promoting within the Republic the plan of corrupting citizens, subverting powers and public spirit through the preservation of inflammatory and counter-revolutionary writings, fanatical and insulting to true patriots and tending to shake the loyalty of citizens towards the French Nation.” Éléonore-Julie de Berthoult de Hauteclocque, 42, is executed at the same time, having been found guilty of being "a traitor to the homeland, guilty of complicity in emigration, having aided or abetted the hostile plans of the émigrés by sending them her son and corresponding with them." (Paris, volume 1, page 255-257)
20 March — cobbler Augustin Dhénin, 58, is executed for having supplied thirteen pair of shoes with soles covered with a layer of paper glued together, thereby having attempted to obstruct the march of the republican troops. (Paris, volume 1, page 258)
22 March — former priest Adrien-Vincent Cary, 54, is executed after having been found guilty of ”attempt against the internal security of the state,” due to in 1792 having written a letter to a friend where he spoke against the new divorce laws and asked ”What will be the end of this spirit of irreligion, libertinism, madness, and rage?" (Cary defended his stance at his trial, declaring he ”would have rather left his position than sin against the law if he had not been able to reconcile it with his duty”). A man suspected of making royalist remarks is acquitted, and a man who has stuffed bad clover into the hay bales delivered for his contingent is sentenced to deportation for life. (Paris, volume 1, page 261-262)
23 March — two men are sentenced to death: marshal Augustin-Joseph, count of Mailly d’Haucourt, 89, for on 12 November 1792 having written a letter to his son where he stated "that the honor of his name and personally of his branch would have been raised to the highest degree without the circumstances; but that, if his hopes had not been fulfilled, they were still not annihilated, and that a happy day would bring them back, not to his head, but to that of his son,” and mulquiner J. B Billoir, 28, for having been found with false assignats. Billoir’s nephew, suspected of having been his accomplice, is acquitted. (Paris, volume 1, page 262-264)
24 March — mulquiner François Noiret, 65, and tobacco merchant Jean-Baptiste Thuilliez, 35, are sentenced to death for having distributed false assignats (Paris, volume 1, page 264)
25 March — tailor Antoine Hatu, 66, is sentenced to death for, upon being asked by municipal officiers from where he came, responding ”from a place where brave men are rare,” and then refusing to show them his passport. When he for that was threatened with imprisonment, he responded that he didn't care about them, that they weren't so proud, that within three weeks he'd have their faces smashed. He had also made similar remarks a few days earlier. Four men suspected of violation of the law of the general maximum are acquitted. (Paris, volume 1, page 264-265)
26 March — two men are sentenced to death: alderman François-Valérien Caneau du Roteleur, 58, for having been found with ”fanatic, royalists and counter-revolutionary papers, most of them written in his own hand,” and cook Laurent Thuillier, 45, for having had suspect items (a portrait of the former Bishop of Arras, titles and coats of arms belonging to the family of his former boss Baillœul, who emigrated in 1789, 114 pieces of silverware, two hunting rifles, and two muskets) found at his house. Thullier’s domestic Françoise Darras is sentenced to four years of seclusion and six hours of pillory. Darras’ 16 year old daughter is acquitted. (Paris, volume 1, page 265-267)
27 March — two men are sentenced to death: merchant Pierre Antoine Boniface, 55, for having been found with a "counter-revolutionary prophecy that predicted the destruction of the defenders of liberty, that went under the name of children of Brutus,” in his portfolio, and volunteer at the sixth batallion Jean Lepeinteur, 21, for having ”recruited in France for service abroad; he was in possession of various passports given to him by enemy generals.” Three people are acquitted, two of them suspected of minor violations of the law of the general maximum, the third of theft (Paris, volume 1, page 267-268)
28 March — three men, Louis Delmotte, Louis-Joseph Prince, 24, and François Delattre, 23, are executed, all accused of being ”agents of the allied powers to distribute counterfeit assignats and incite unrest among rural citizens by setting fire to several dwellings at the time of the fighting that the armies of the Republic were to have with the slaves of despotism.” (Paris, volume 1, page 268-269)
29 March — general Charles-André Buchotte, 61, is executed ”for having facilitated, by receiving them in his envelope, the correspondence addressed to the prisoners of the citadel by external enemies.” Buchotte’s aide-de-camp is acquitted, as are four peasants accused of supplying the Republic with poor-quality hay. (Paris, volume 1, page 269-271)
30 March — two men are sentenced to death: commander of engineer brigade Bernard Gillet 37, for having neglected to "fortify various outposts of the vanguard, for having reported to the commander-in-chief that the posts were safe from any attack and thereby aided the progress of the enemy armies" and battalion chief Louis Rochette, 37, for ”having affected to treat wounded soldiers of the French army poorly, while conveniently placing one of our most bitter enemies, the lieutenant-colonel of the Gobourg regiment; which aroused general discontent among the defenders of the homeland” (both Gillet and Rochette objected to these charges). Brigadier general Pierre Gratien, 32, is acquitted after having been suspected of having "refused to march against the satellites of despotism and to execute the order of the divisional general by withdrawing three-quarters of a league to the rear, thereby delaying the victory by at least four hours, and facilitating the enemy's retreat by providing them with the means to save their artillery under cover of night." (Paris, volume 1, page 271-275)
31 March — lawyer Louis-Marie-Joseph Liger, 45, is condemned to death for ”having maintained, under the cover of Buchotte (the general executed two days earlier), a correspondence with the enemies of the government and having attempted to corrupt said Buchotte by giving him, either on loan or otherwise, a sum large enough to cause this officer to misbehave in his duties.” (Paris, volume 1, page 275-279)
1 April — four men are executed: priest François-Marie Marchand, 29, suspected of emigration (he denied to have emigrated and was not granted witnesses favorable to his case), former royal lieutenant François-Aymard, count of Montgon, 64, for having ”refused to surrender the citadel's weapons in 1789; having begged for his life with a baseness befitting only a nobleman who knows how to conspire but not how to die; having been implicated in the plots of the infernal French Court; [having] sons who in Perpignan were inciting regiments to fight one another, were exterminated at Versailles within sight of the tyrants' palace; as well as for having uttered counter-revolutionary remarks,” Antoine-Joseph-Marie Develle, 50, clerk at the councel of Artois, declared to be ”complicit in the emigration of his children whom he had taken to Tournay, [and of being] an enemy resisting the republican government, having sought by all possible means to undermine the loyalty of citizens towards the French nation,” and notary Nicolas Prévost, 46, for during the flight to Varennes having said ”that the sparrows had been flushed out, that the king was saved, that the lords would return within three weeks, that we would see how things went, that he would crack down on all the democrats.” (Paris, volume 1, page 279-284)
3 and 4 April — municipal officier Jean-François Bécourt, 43, is executed, accused of "having made remarks, during Dumouriez's defection, likely to dissolve the National Convention." Several witnesses heard during the trial declared to have heard him say that "the members of the Convention were a band of scoundrels; that he wished he could be at their bar to tell them so." Four people are acquitted, accused of false testimony, letting prisoners escape, and linen theft respectively. (Paris, volume 1, page 284-285)
5 April — six people are executed — the lawyer François-Joseph Blanquart, 45, for being the editor behind a petition dated April 29 1789 which asked for the privileges of the Provincial Estates of Artois to be perserved, and also for being ”instigator of the destruction of the people's sovereignty, and, from the time of the Revolution to the present day, the most zealous royalist. Furthermore, he had aided non-juring priests by providing them with financial assistance,” as well as the five ex-nobles Ignace Godefroy, count of Lannoy de Gaucourt, chevalier de Saint-Louis, 73, d'Ange-Ghislain de Beaulaincourt, comte de Maries, 54, Henri-Evrard, baron de Wasservas d’Haplincourt, 56, Louis-Ignace-Joseph Lesergeant d’Hendecourtm 64, and Lamoral-Eugène-François-Marie, baron de’Aid de Remy, 61, for ”having signed the shameful petition of April [29] 1789, and for having allowed it to remain in a public repository without any repudiation since the time it was signed.” Two other ex-nobles who had signed the petition are acquitted. (Paris, volume 1, page 285-294)
6 April — six priests are executed: Antoine-Christophe Malbaux, 69, for keeping counter-revolutionary writings (Principes de conduite pour les Français émigrés and les Maximes de l’Église romaine dans les temps de schisme et de persécution, à l’usage des fidèles) and for on December 21 1790 having drafted a petition against against the Civil Constitution of the Clergy (a ”protest that infringed upon the sovereignty of the people” in the tribunal’s eyes), and Pierre-Henri Boucquel de Lagnicourt, 54, François de Buissy, 64, Augustin Leroux du Châtelet, 71, Charles de France de Vincly, 71, and Philippe Harduin, 39, for having ”signed, or allowed their signatures to remain at the bottom of this protest, without any disavowal or retraction.” (Paris, volume 1, page 294-303)
8 April — four people are sentenced to death: captain Bernard-Alexandre Dabouville, 35, for ”having maintained a correspondence and ties with suspects persons and sought to instill the utmost contempt for the uniform of the National Guard and the most zealous defenders of the homeland,” prison guard François Petain, 43, for in March 1793 having let two ”famous counter-revolutionaries” escape the prison (Petain had been acquitted of this charge nine months earlier, since he could show that he for a long time had asked that betterments be made to the prison’s security), and Marie Éléonore Thellier, 58, and her daughter Marie-Joseph-Bernardine Thellier, 32, suspected of having corresponded with foreign enemies. Marie Éléonore Thellier was also accused of having received furniture from an emigrant. An artillery captain suspected of having said he desired the Ancien Régime, minus the blows from the flat of the saber, is acquitted, as is a prison conciergerie who has let three prisoners escape. (Paris, volume 1, page 303-306)
11 April — doctor Antoine-Joseph Despinoy, 61, is executed after letters of his were found at the houses of Thérèse Dufour and François-Valérien Caneau du Roteleur, executed on March 19 and 26 respectively, while ”a manifesto against the French Revolution — the mere title of which was enough to have it consigned to the flames — and a pastoral letter from the Bishop of Blois to the clergy of his diocese” were found at Despinoy’s own house. Despinoy himself said the two latter documents belonged to a nephew of his who had borrowed the house for a bit, and that his relationships with Dufour and Caneau du Roteleur had been non-political. (Paris, volume 1, page 306-307)
13 April — four men are executed: priest and former National Assembly member Jean Diot, 31, for on June 2 1791 having written a letter ”containing principles that tended to discredit national properties, and sought by infamous means to prevent citizens from acquiring them,” farmer Louis-Joseph Savary, 37, for owning ”infamous pamphlets —Salutary Advice to the French People in the Name of Our Lord Jesus Christ; Conversation Between a Parishioner and His Parish Priest Regarding the Oath Required of Clergy Serving as Public Officials — and, in a devotional book titled Journée du Chrétien, the most aristocratic and royalist letter, signed by Baumart, a refugee in Basseux, on August 24, 1791,” notary Adrien Barbier, 41, for on February 28 1792 having written a letter ”which tended to discredit the assignats and evoke affection for the Ancien Régime,” and senior clerk Ghislain Henry for receiving Barbier’s letter without disavowing it. (Paris, volume 1, page 307-309)
15 April — three men are sentenced to death: former regiment captains Mathurin l’Albenque, 65, and François Borcas, 64, for having kept writings ”which reeked of the most disgusting royalism, the most insolent aristocracy, the most stinking fanaticism, writings in which the wrath of heaven was invoked to fall upon the heads of all” (these writings were le Pater avec continuation de l’Ave, du Credo et du Confiteor, le Catéchisme national nouveau et raisonné sur la constitution de la France as well as a song about the Estates general and a paper with the words ”Long live the nation, the king and the law” but when folded instead read ”Long live the Queen, the Dauphin and the King”) and priest Louis-François-Joseph Ansart, 84, for having ”carefully preserved inflammatory writings and stubbornly refused to take the [civic] oath required by law” (Paris, volume 2, page 1-2)
16 April — Alexis Manzon, 24, is sentenced to death for having had the following conversation with the sister of the secretary of the municipality while she was making black lace: ”Is this [lace] meant for the mourning of the King?” — ”No, I would be in despair to work for a wretch.” — ”Well! I myself work only for him.” Two people, suspected of ”correspondence with the émigrée Daquin daughters” are acquitted. (Paris, volume 2, page 2-3)
17 April — three men are executed: priest Charles-François-Marie Michaux, 42, for ”having preached against the Convention's decree ordering the melting down of bells,” superintendent of the pawnshop Henri-Vaast-Joseph Boussemart de Thienne, 53, for having at his house ”a letter written from Paris on March 2 1791 by the since guillotined Liger announcing that the Chevaliers of the Dagger, who were watching over the King's safety, had been disarmed by the Parisian National Guard, a fact that was deeply distressing,” as well as letters from the émigré Lévis revealing that Boussemart had sought to "discredit the assignats and cast doubt on the sale of national assets,”
and notary Pierre-Nicolas Husson, 59, accused of on April 6 1793 having written the following to émigrés that he was sending money: "The wind of the Requiem is about to blow over France, and above all over the capital." Two men are acquitted. (Panis, volume 2, page 3-5)
21 April — five people are executed: rentier Angélique Simon du Plessis, 46, and her domestic Florence Lefebvre, 29, for having participated in a ”big conspiracy” by ”buying, keeping and disseminating counter-revolutionary writings,” the priest Augustin Desruelles, 60, for possessing ”several counter-revolutionary pamphlets” (Desruelles claimed not to remember owning the pamphlets, and even that they had been ”stuffed in with his papers”), stocking seamstress Henriette Monchiet, 29, for on April 2 1793 having written a letter to an émigré stating: ”I will keep your loot” and Ghislain Lallart de Le Bucquière, 76, for possessing counter-revolutionary pamphlets (Panis, volume 2, page 15-17).
22 April — two men are executed: watchmaker Armand-Fidèle Hoyer, 61, for ”having made a rude remark directed at the Convention,” and Jean-Baptiste Bétrémieux, 61, gardener of the Lallart de Le Bucquière executed the day before, for having escorted his daughters to Aix-la-Chapelle. A man accused of having abused his powers as commissioner to steal furniture from a guillotined woman is acquitted. (Panis, volume 2, page 17-18)
23 April — seven people are executed: Louis-Auguste de La Viefville, 71, and his his daughter Françoise de Béthune, 22, for ”having kept a parrot that repeated the words: Long live the Emperor, long live the King, long live our priests and long live the nobles,” (the parrot was later brought to the trial but then refused to say these words), their linen maid Marguerite Farinaux, 44, ”for having been aware of this parrot’s existance without reporting this or rather killing it,” clerk Alexandre Brodel, 54, for in 1790 having written two letters to Louis-Auguste de La Viefville ”proving that he intended to take up arms against his country to support the prerogatives of the nobility,” canon Roch-Joseph Legrand, 70, for him too having written a letter to La Viefville, street vendor Antoinette Soyez, 31, for having had letters found on her attesting to business dealings with émigrés, and her clerk Joseph-Henry Vangenot, 28, for being her accomplice. A maid of the La Viefvilles is acquitted, but kept in prison as suspect (Panis, volume 2, page 20-24).
24 April — seven people are executed: farmer and mayor of Lières Albert Denissel, 50, for ”having kept, in 1792, a register for the enlistment of counter-revolutionaries, having protected refractory priests, and having sheltered several of them in the presbytery of Lières,” abbé and former member of the Estates General Jacques Philippe Laignel, 62, for ”having preserved and disseminated fanatical and royalist writings,” his brother the monk Barthélémy-François Laignel, 52, for owning counter-revolutionary writings, Ursule-Angélique Ranguilly, 63, for having hidden said writings in her attic, her brother Jean-Baptiste Wartelle, 72, for having ordered that the writings be carried over there, his domestic André-Pierre Bonnel, 71, for having carried this order out (the latter three were also accused of having helped Wartelle’s two sons to emigrate) and departmental clerk Adrien-Louis-Joseph Corbeau, 58, accused "of sending counter-revolutionary and fanatical writings, copied in his own hand, to the two Laignels every day, and of having, through words and deeds, insulted and persecuted patriots." (Panis, volume 2, page 24-28).
25 April — two men are sentenced to death — former representative of the nobility in the Estates general Philippe-Lamoral-Joseph de Gennevières de Vielfort, 63, for ”having ceaselessly maintained the most criminal correspondence, both with internal and external enemies, and also by preserving papers that only served to incite civil war by arming citizens against one another and undermining their loyalty to the French Nation, as he has already openly demonstrated during the disarmament that was forced upon him, and being, moreover, the protector of aristocrats and non-juring priests,” and justice of the peace Philippe-Martin Lagache, 51, for ”having ceaselessly corresponded with said Gennevières de Vielfort in the most aristocratic and royalist of ways, as evidenced by the letters annexed to this document." A guard who has allowed a prisoner to escape is aquitted, as is a constitutional priest who has kept a pamphlet by Abbé Maury on the ownership of ecclesiastical property (Panis, volume 2, page 28-32).
26 April — three people are sentenced to death — farmer Joseph Maes, 59 for ”having said while smoking his pipe that the requisitions of sheep and fodder would bring famine to France; moreover, he had given shelter to Dom Hugues Maes, his nephew, a fanatical priest,” farmer Nicolas Carré, 76, for having said: ”Old as I am, I will still see the end of the National Assembly,” and Marie Pavy, 69, for having kept a book written in her hand containing royalist and counter-revolutionary songs, among them ”a filthy parody of l’Hymne de la Liberté." A justice of the peace charged with having declared that Lagache and le Vielfort executed the day before did not have any counter-revolutionary writings in their possession, is acquitted. (Panis, volume 2, page 32-33)
27 April — four men are executed: ex-noble Joseph-François-César de Marbais, 37, for ”having taken in the refractory priest of his commune, as well as M. de Laune, formerly a canon of Arras and later an émigré; having given certificates of residence and civic virtue to said de Laune, and having had masses said in his chapel which were attended by some of the inhabitants,” farmer François Willemetz, 48, for having given too little money during a collection for the equipment of ”our brothers in arms,” and having kept four fanatical and royalist pamphlets, wool comber François Xavier-Joseph Bubrecq, 29, for ”having worn the white cockade when the enemy entered Roubaix, and for having bought the abbey of Bebreuves, only to later return it to the religious émigrés,” and receiver general Louis François Marie Caneau de Sangris, 63, for on 1 December 1790 having written a letter where he “announced, with guilty joy, that all the regiments were going to assemble to go to Paris to saber the National Assembly,” having “tolerated his correspondents debasing, with the most bitter jokes and the most insulting irony, the Nation, liberty and the respectable title of citizen,” and finally having “engaged in communication with the enemies of the Belgian Revolution, who gladly informed him that the patriots were going to return to slavery.” (Panis, volume 2, page 33-35)
28 April — two men are sentenced to death: merchant François Widehem, 36, for having at his house ”1, a strip of paper which, by combining different words, presented this infamous motto: This is the rendezvous of blood, 2, a paper on which were written eight verses which, read in their entirety, gave a patriotic meaning, but cut in half, an aristocratic meaning; 3, an image representing two flaming hearts,” and former mayor of Samer Jacques Blanquart de la Barrière, 42, for having "protested against the decree suspending executive power in the hands of the last tyrant; [and] stated unequivocally that his hand would sooner wither than allow such an infamous decree to ever sully the records of the district of Boulogne, of which he was then the public prosecutor; he had always been a fervent royalist and aristocrat." (Panis, volume 2, page 35-36)
1 May — seven people are executed: Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte de Gennevières de Vielfort, 63, for ”having kept a multitude of counter-revolutionary letters,” Isabelle-Garoline Gennevières de Samette, 88, for having written a letter in which she declared ”that the enemy army should be blessed for restoring calm to France and that the king, more unfortunate than his subjects since his life was not secure, should be consoled; that the Assembly was devouring everything; that its members were leeches, and that immense losses were being made by the wretched assignats,” goldsmith Auguste Cataert, 45, for having "attested to the conspirator Vielfort, in a letter dated August 12 1791, his attachment to the monarchy, his desire for its restoration and for a transaction with the king,” doctor Barnabé-François-Henri Lesur, 42, for ”having expressed, in a letter found at Vielfort’s place, his regret that the patriotic party had triumphed over the fanatical aristocrats,” Louis Delorne d'Alincourt, 38, for ”having manifested in his words, and by drawing his sword, the intention of joining the émigrés and fighting alongside them against the French Nation, an intention further confirmed by a letter stating that he was expected near Coblenz,” Lamoral-François-Joseph Imbert de Lambessart, 30, for having "preserved [a writing by the name of] Instruction aux catholiques sur leur conduite dans la Révolution et les moyens d’en arrêter les progrès” and "engaged in intelligence with the enemy and facilitated the advance of their armies on French territory” and finally Joseph Delattre, 50, for ”having having written in the name of the Abbess of Étrun to a woman named Marbais-Hazaucourt, urging her to acquire the house of Étrun at the appraised price, a price which would have been paid to her upon the nuns' return to their convent; [and] for having carefully preserved two flaming hearts, one surmounted by a cross, and the other pierced by a sword.” One person, who ”hadn’t been opposed to the departure of an émigré” is acquitted.(Paris, volume 2, page 39-42)
2 May — seven people are executed: soldiers Charles Ghislain Vaillant de Boiry-Saint-Martin, 29, and Charles Pinchon, 31, for deserting, shoemaker Pierre-Joseph Defossé, 39, for ”having struck one of the most ardent patriots in the town, a man who claimed to be pleased to witness the expulsion of the former dean Fauquemberghe, notorious for his fanaticism, with a fishing net” (Defossé claimed he had just been acting in self defence as he had been struck first), annuitant Louis-Antoine-Florent Pillain-Desmaretz, 60, for on March 9 1794 having made the following remark in regards to the fate of a prisoner: ”He will get out, because he owns nothing. If the one this morning hadn’t owned anything, she wouldn’t have been guillotined, they don’t guillotine the poor,” former steward to the Count of Cunchy Étienne Prince, 59, for burying the silverware and the feudal titles of his master, as well as "the famous protest of the Nobility against the Revolution" in the ground, and writer at the war commissar's office Joseph Lallemand, 39, gardener Antoine-François Olivier, 30, and farmer Alexis Boulogne for being Prince’s ”accomplices.” A woman suspected of having been part of the same conspiracy is acquitted. (Paris, volume 2, page 42-45)
3 May — five people are executed: merchant Guy Letierce, 43, his sales assistant Anne-Joseph Vincent, 28, laundress Thérèse Degouy and lacemaker Marianne Deforge, 44, all for sending money to émigrés (Letierce donated the money, Vincent delivered it, Degouy and Deforge received it to later send it off) and Jean-Marie Lefebvre, 21, for looting. A shoemaker suspected of having received money as well is acquitted. (Paris, volume 2, page 45-46)
4 May — merchant Jacques-Joseph Barbion, 48, is executed for ”having declared to the inhabitants of his village that the representative Le Bon would never return to the canton because he would have been told off, and that besides Le Bon never visited the same place twice. He had even dared to tell a citizen who was telling him about all the good Le Bon had done in the department that, if he had him in his hands, he would have taken his life.” (Paris, volume 2, page 46)
6 May — twelve people are executed: ex-nobles Marie-Charlotte-Cornille Donjon de Rusguehan, 51, and Marie-Eulalie-Philippine-Bruno Donjon de Balinghem, 45, Honorary Councillor of the Council of Artois Adrien-Philippe-Augustin Dambrines d'Esguerchin, 73, and merchant Théodore-Augustin Dupuich, 74, for having kept a correspondance with abbé Ernoult, an emigrated priest, their domestics Béatrix-Joseph Dollé, 42, Pierre-Ferdinand Hayart, 37, Pierre-Joseph Beuvry, 49, and Jean-Baptiste Gottran, 36, to to whom the four had read the letters, and rentiers Marie-Eugénie Grimbert, 64, and Marie-Anne Grimbert, 63, and merchant Théodore Lefebvre, 36, to whom they had communicated them. They were also accused of having hidden Abbé Ernoult’s silverware and books, and Eugénie Grimbert had also provided financial assistance to M. Ledieu, another emigrated abbé. Farmer Jean-Baptiste Ledieu, 49, is also condemned to death for having given shelter to his brother, the servant of abbé Ledieu, and concealed belongings he had been unable to take abroad. Two men suspected of being accomplices are acquitted. (Paris, volume 2, page 109-110)
7 May — 28 people are sentenced to death: merchant Antoine-Joseph Bacqueville, 63, concierge Charles Waille, 29, writer François Dutale, 29, cobbler François-Marie Berthe, 32, bricklayer Théodore Déruelle, 66, district clerk Charles Bernard, 44, notary Eugène-François Ansart, 50, Pierre-François-Raphaël Massias, 49, widow Jeanne Picot, 62, and watch maker Jean-Baptiste Dufour, 22, for "having planted or caused to be planted, at the time of Saint John’s Day 1792 (Old Style), on Rue des Féronniers, a counter-revolutionary tree decorated with ribbons of various colors — though not the national colors; of having drunk to the health of this tree, saying: 'If you are an aristocrat, you shall drink; if you are a patriot, you shall go without,” of having shouted, while dancing around said tree — each time while drinking to the health of the aristocrats — ”Long live the Royalists; to the devil with the patriots; ça ira, the democrats to the lantern,” of having, furthermore, advised or facilitated the emigration of a man named Servins d'Héricourt; of having shown themselves to be enemies of the patriots during the election of the sans-culotte municipality; and of having corresponded with internal and external enemies,"
Honoré Houriez, 54, "for having asked two volunteers whether the émigrés would restore priests and churches, and for saying that if they returned, he would go out to meet them"; potter André Petit, 40, "for having allowed his house to be used as a gathering place for internal enemies; for stating that, since the vanguard of the enemy army numbered fifty thousand men, the army itself must be very large; and for claiming that the émigrés would return to France and that the Nation would never rule,” tavern keeper Ambroise Corne, 28, and his wife "for having placed themselves at the head of the faction that sought to slaughter patriots during the municipal election of 1791 (Old Style), and for having lent their house to that faction; for having permitted the darkest plots to be hatched there” (as the wife was pregnant, she was granted a reprieve, but she died in the hospital one month later), apothecary Jean-Noël Coffin, 68, "for having forced people to subscribe to the purchase of an anti-constitutional church in order to spread fanaticism,” municipal prosecutor Dominique Debret, 65, "for having sought to incite counter-revolutionary sentiments in several citizens, having acted as a principal agent of the cabal during the elections and the planting of the counter-revolutionary tree; and for having corresponded, notably, with his émigré son,” treasurer Joseph Thellier du Courval, 47, an accomplice of Debret, "for having attempted to incite fanaticism in the citizens Raux — husband and wife — by claiming that the Constitution could not stand and that it was the rule of the rabble, and for having circulated fanatical and counter-revolutionary writings in his commune,” former district receiver Jacques Petit, 50, "for having corresponded with counter-revolutionaries; for having sought to prevent the sale of national properties or to have them sold at a pittance to his cronies; and for having abused his positions as president and commissioner of the Saint-Pol district to squander the furnishings of several émigrés, notably the émigré Humerœil,” stocking manufacturer Dominique Morand, 54, ”for having murdered patriots — notably Charles Hérognelle — during the 1791 elections, and for having continued to conspire while in exile,” laborer Amand Lambert, 33, ”for having issued threats citing the enemy who, he claimed, was advancing rapidly and would soon reach France"; cobbler Jean-Marie Détape, 56, ”for having sought to turn his workers into fanatics and aristocrats during the winter of 1791, and for having dismissed them,” park ranger Jacques Chevalier, 36, "for having made counter-revolutionary remarks during the 1793 Carnival — stating that he took pride in being an aristocrat — and for having picked a fight with a patriot,” rentier Albert Thellier de la Neuville, 38, "for having been a ringleader of the faction during the elections; for having tried to prevent the formation of a popular society; for having kept pistols ready for any patriots who might insult him; and for having corresponded with enemies both within and outside the country,” lawyer and former mayor of Saint-Pol Emmanuel Herman, 64, "for as mayor having sought to prevent the formation of the popular society and provoked its dissolution; for having made a show of shunning the services of priests that had taken the civic oath; for
having authorized the taking of the counter-revolutionary tree from the Gauchin forest—which belonged to the émigré de Bryas, for whom he served as receiver and agent, having corresponded with him and his wife"; butcher Louis-Joseph Agnion, 59, "for having said, at the time of the taking of Valenciennes, that if the enemy came to Saint-Pol, he would not need lists to find the patriots, that he would personally lead them by the hand to their homes, and for having beaten and abused friends of the homeland,” leader of the community of the Grey Nuns; Marie-Anne Turquet, 65, "for having done everything in her power to prevent the establishment of the popular society and for having sought to discredit the assignats,” Louise Gorbehem, 42, "for having — she and her émigré children — abused and threatened patriots; for having tried to stop femme Bernard from attending the masses of priests that had taken the civic oath; for having made counter-revolutionary remarks, stating that she rejoiced at the Nation's setbacks and that her own turn would soon come; and for being strongly suspected of having facilitated her two sons' emigration,” and housewife Ghislaine Vaillant, 56, "for being a rabid royalist; for having asked an individual if it was true that the King was dead, and, upon receiving an affirmative answer, having said: 'The scoundrels! They have succeeded in their designs.'" Three people are acquitted. (Paris, volume 2, page 110-121)
8 May — hunter Sylvain-Joseph Mouflin, 20, and second lieutenant Jean-Antoine Ruaux, 23, are sentenced to death, the first for ”having fabricated a decree exempting him from requisition,” the second for ”having carefully preserved a white coat with two fleur-de-lis on the cuffs, and using an insulting description against the Jacobins." One man, accused of having "abused the name of Dumont and Le Bon to annoy the mayor and the inhabitants of Sangatte,” is acquitted (Paris, volume 2, page 121).
10 May — the tribunal acquits two tailors suspected of having ”sold too expensively the clothes of the defenders of the homeland,” since it cannot be recognized they had acted with evil intentions. It sentences three people to death — former mayor of Plouvain Remy-Joseph-Omer Callau, 54, for possessing several ”counter-revolutionary writings” as well as a letter dated September 15 1792 where he seems to be in touch with an émigré, Eugénie Loctemberh, 33, for on August 17 1793 having six ”aristocratic letters” found in her pockets, with one stating: ”Sensitive souls have a lot to suffer in the century we live in. In Pas-de-Calais, pensions are paid accurately, and the Nord department puts obstacles in the way; this proves that the Republic is not one and indivisible,” and finally plowman Noël Simon, 29, for ”recruiting for the enemy.” (Paris, volume 2, page 122-123)
11 May — The tribunal sentences three men to death — farmer Pierre-François Balin, 45, for ”having written threatening letters against the authorities of Laventie and [appearing] to be the author of a placard on which there was a threat to burn down the houses of the patriots,” cobbler Antoine-Joseph Brasseur, 38, for ”having delivered to the defenders of the homeland two pairs of poor quality shoes whose soles were lined with old leather,” and brewer Nicolas Lambert, 44, for his connections with suspects, notably Thellier de Poncheville, whose arrest he had protested against. He had also always shown ”aristocratic feelings” when he went on business in the countryside. (Paris, volume 2, page 123-124)
12 May — three men are sentenced to death — cobbler Charles Caby, 29, for ”having supplied eighteen pairs of poor quality shoes to the defenders of the homeland,” lieutenant colonel Pierre Claessens, 21, for ”having said that representative of the people Duquesnoy had unjustly made general Gillet perish by acting as judge and witness in this affair, and that he was to take revenge even if that meant being exterminated,” as well as for ”having wanted to seduce his comrades to obtain a passport and claimed that with a stamp he carried, he could collect money from the paymasters and travel throughout the Republic,” and merchant Aldegonde Lemaire, 43, ”for having said: If it were a question of exterminating the patriots, I would fire the cannons myself." One person is acquitted, mayor of Willerval Prosper Dubarcq, kept under arrest since March 25 1794 for "his connections with Glaessens to whom he had provided money." (Paris, volume 2, page 124)
13 May — two men are sentenced to death — ex-chevalier of Saint-Louis Benoît-Joseph Carault, 62, for having kept a package containing ”different certificates by the two last Capets, who decorated themselves with the name of kings,” certificates which he couldn’t have kept for anything but ”counter-revolutionary plans” and therefore are a ”clear proof of his aristocracy,” and former administrator of the Saint-Omer department Jean-Marie Lefebvre, 45, ”for having maintained a royalist correspondence with the deputy Personne; for having incurred, during his administration, the enmity of colleagues aligned with the leadership of the Mountain which he sought to overthrow by espousing the doctrines of Brissot and Vergniaud; and for having been bold enough to request a certificate attesting to his conduct while in office.” One man is acquitted, accused of "having disregarded the order and the authority of Le Bon to escape requisition.” (Paris, volume 2, page 124-129)
14 May — two people are sentenced to death — Countess Victoire-Thérèse Mazancourt, 57, for having in her possession "a correspondence with a man named Martin, an émigré, and two white cockades, one in basin, the other in silk, tied with another ribbon on which was written: Think of me" and Constant Leman, 55, for on December 28 1791 having written ”that he hoped for a change in religion; that his priest Carette was in Pecq and went to both Esseaux and Étempeux to hear the confessions; that the other good priests were still in the parish; that they held mass, but for vespers, it was necessary to leave the parish, that all his relatives and especially sister Marie-Jeanne were in fear and hope like many others; finally, he said in closing, we are in a time of affliction and persecution.” Three men are acquitted, one suspected of ”having sought to fanaticize,” the other two of fraud. (Paris, volume 2, page 129-130)
15 May — four people are executed: Charlotte-Geneviève de Chelers, 49, accused of ”having had affairs with the infamous Countess of Mazancourt (the woman executed the day before) and the émigré Martin, ex-canon of Noyon, to whom she had given asylum,” notaries Jean-Baptiste Brasier, 61 and Jean-Baptiste Bossu, 70 for ”having, on July 12, 1792, knowingly lent their ministry to the preparation of a will, which bequeathed a thousand francs both to the Capuchins of Paris and to the daughters of the Ave Maria,” (on top of that, Bossu had also been custodian of the keys to the Countess of Mazancourt’s house) and farmer Louis-Joseph Frémaux, 27, for while at supper having said ”that he would very willingly receive the enemy at his home, because they were brave people, well-disciplined and good-hearted, whereas our brave sans-culottes were pillagers and murderers.” (Paris, volume 2, page 130-132)
16 May — the tribunal acquits two men accused of ”[making] remarks tending to degrade the word citizen and national representation” and a maid accused of having diverted the personal effects of her master. It sentences four people to death — farmer Alexis Leleu, 27, for ”having brought money to the northern border to an émigré” and ”having had relations with the guillotined Rubrecq,” François-Marie Loger, 48, for having ”taken abroad Moncomble, formerly priest of Banchicourt, corresponded with him, [and] read to the laymen pamphlets in which the Nation was ridiculed,” printer Jean-Baptise-François Vicigne, 33, for the address of 20 June 1792, and hospital administrator Georges Boulanger for ”having refused to take the civic oath, kept suspect writings and said that it would be more satisfying to see the enemy firing on Saint-Venant than on Lille, because then they would have been more advanced.”
17 May — the tribunal sentences five people to death — notary Philippe-François Bouret, 56, for ”having corresponded with the emigrants and deportees, and lent his ministry, on May 23, 1792, to the lady Dinglebert who stood surety for her emigrant nephews, while the law of February 29 placed the emigrants' property under sequestration,” former noblewoman Élisabeth Maioul, 48, and her daughters Rosalie Maioul, 25, and Ursule Maioul, 21, for ”having held aristocratic assemblies in their home, rejoiced in the success of the army of tyrants, [and] having approved the emigration of her two sons as well as the conduct of the refractory priests,” as well as their chef Angélique Coppin, 55, for not having reporting the latter three to the authorities as well as for ”having admitted in her interrogation her hate for constitutional priests, her love for the refractory priests” (Paris, volume 2, page 134-138)
18 May — the tribunal acquits six people accused of stealing, possessing false assignats, having been denounced at a popular society and saying his servant was his property respectively, and sentences one person to death, Élisabeth Herbout, 38, for having given dinner to a since guillotined man, a benedictine, a former noble and a carthusian. (Paris, volume 2, page 138-139)
20 May — two people are condemned to death — Cornille Landoitte, 38, for ”having gone to Houdain on the day of the mass conscription of citizens and tried to oppose their departure for Béthune by telling them: ”Ne branlons pas, f, ne branlons pas...” and Nicolas-François, 49, for ”having frequented several pronounced aristocats, visited Simon, his former priests, who had taken refuge in Tournai, [and] brought back assignats to exchange for cash.” (Paris, volume 2, page 197)
21 May — five people are condemned to death — surgeon Thomas Durannel, 64, for on August 10 1793 having shouted Long live the King! Long live the Queen! on place de Winnezeele, tobacco manufacturer Vindicien Thomas, 45, for ”having called the members of the Convention, notably Robespierre, beggars, presided over a monarchist club of which several members were émigrés, said that he would rather make his sons emigrate than let them defend the homeland, received aristocrats in his house, traveled to Poperinghe (Belgium) and declared, upon his return, that he was looking for a drummer for a company of émigrés to be commanded by Lauretan, from Saint-Omer, that the patriots of Aire would be hanged by the Austrians and that he would make them kneel,” merchant Jean Barbier, 73, for ”having signed, on 28 February 1791, an address to the department requesting that the parish of Notre-Dame d'Aire be given to refractory priests,” salt merchant Pierre-François Corne, 75, for ”[being] the father of an émigré priest whose furniture he had concealed, having frequented the monarchist club and maintained relations with aristocrats,” and court usher Louis-François-Joseph Delahayo, 32, for having signed the same address as Barbier, ”having been a member of the monarchist club, and having distinguished himself by his inflammatory speeches and the insolence of his gaze." (Paris, volume 2, page 197-198)
22 May — two women are sentenced to death — Isabelle-Françoise Fournier, 62, for ”having sent ten louis to her son, who had emigrated to England,” and Jeanne Gray, 36, ”for having helped Mme Fournier with the shipment.” (Paris, volume 2, page 198-199)
23 May — Three men are executed — weaver Jean-Baptiste Roland, 75, and carpenter Antoine-François Dumetz, 73, arrested four days earlier ”suspected of having said they didn’t want to accept the Constitution,” which they then persisted in not wanting to do during the trial as well, and Charles Micheaux, 42, for ”having smuggled 2,400 livres worth of counterfeit assignats into France.” (Paris, volume 2, page 200-201)
24 May — five people are sentenced to death — vicar Simon Brasseur, 39, for ”having stayed on French soil,” and his brother François Brasseur, widowed mother Marie-Barbe Brasseur, 75, and two aunts Angélique Sacleux, 68, and Marie-Michel Sacleux, 58, ”guilty of having given [Simon] asylum.” (Paris, volume 2, page 201-202)
25 May — two laborers, Louis and Joseph Coutiau, 38 and 32 years old, are ”convicted of having chanted at the carabet Long live the King! Long live the Emperor! Long live Cobourg! To hell with La Carmagnole!” and guillotined. (Paris, volume 2, page 202)
26 May — two people are sentenced to death — Louis-Joseph Adam, 30, for ”having discredited assignats,” and Hélène Develle for ”[having] made it a crime for Madame Bouvier, a laundress, to wear a handkerchief with the emblems of the Revolution, and having threatened to take away her practice if she continued to wear it; she had stopped shopping at Pierre Liévin, her grocer, because he was a patriot; she had told Madame Dupuis that she would be damned because she had gotten married by a constitutional priest but that the curate of the Madeleine could annul her marriage and then remarry her in a manner more pleasing to the Lord.” Four people are acquitted, two for ”having sought to spread disorder at the popular society at Fressin,” one for ”having abandoned the banners he had sworn to defend” and one for having ”circulated false assignats.” (Paris, volume 2, page 202-203)
28 May — two people — merchant Charles-Joseph-Albert-Ferdinand Delocre, 40, and his wife Gabrielle-Joseph Jugand, 40, are executed for ”having said that if the enemy came, they would cry: Long live Louis XVII!, [and] for having treated Lebon like a scoundrel, since he had killed de Vielfort (executed on May 1), in whose service they had formerly served.” Two people are acquitted — a soldier accused of ”having let a prisoner escape” and a laborer charged with ”having offered different prices at a soap merchant's depending on whether he paid in assignats or in silver.” (Paris, volume 2, page 203-204)
30 May — two men are executed, surveyor Charles-Philippe Delestré, 52, as ”he had been seen, on May 27 1791, placing himself, along with the lawyers Desmazières and Dauchez, at the head of the petitioners who demanded the preservation of the churches, later consulting with M. Caron-Wagon for the acquisition of the Saint-Géry church, and purchasing the Saint-Nicolas-en-l'Atre church on behalf of Vasseur, an émigré, formerly the parish priest of that church,” and merchant Philippe-Joseph Drapier, 51, for ”having brought enemies home to the patriots when they arrived at Havrincourt.” (Paris, volume 2, page 204)
1 June — vicar of Audincthun Jacques-Joseph Piedfort, 25, is executed for ”having fabricated a baptismal certificate to make himself appear older and evade conscription,” while two men, accused of having distributed false assignats and carried fleurs de lys respectively, are acquitted. (Paris, volume 2, page 204-205)
2 June — two men are executed — notary François-Joseph Bellanger for ”having conspired to be appointed mayor, said that the people's representatives had stolen two hundred thousand livres from H. de Noailles and that they would wring their necks, [and] declared to those who paid him in assignats that, in a year, he would no longer be paid with such rags,” and gardener Hippolyte Demay for writing a letter where he reported that Abbé Demay, "a refugee in the vicinity of Ypres, would be overjoyed if, in times of peace, he could have the satisfaction of returning to Luzarches to live among his friends. We are living through a time of hardship; we must hope that after the rain comes the sunshine,” and having in his possession "two flaming hearts, one bleeding, surmounted by a cross, and the other not bleeding, pierced by a dagger." Two men are acquitted, one suspected of distributing false assignats, the other of having worn fleurs de lys. (Paris, volume 2, page 205-206)
5 June — two men are executed: farmer and former mayor Alexandre Lefebvre, 38, for having in his possession possession a document titled Conversation between a Parishioner and His Curé Regarding the Oath Required of Clergy Serving as Public Officials, as well as a copper vessel containing 3,001 livres, which he had hidden in his cellar, and musician Charles-Jospeh Boulard, for being an accomplice of the Isabelle-Françoise Fournier executed on May 22 by having facilitated the sending of financial aid to her émigré son. Two men are acquitted, one suspected of having been Boulard’s helper, the other charged with having preserved a Papal brief. (Paris, volume 2, page 206)
6 June — five people are acquitted, three accused of having discredited assignats, one of ”having sought, through his remarks, to demean and dissolve the popular society" and one accused of "having displayed a black cockade and mistreated the person who tore it from him.” (Paris, volume 2, page 207)
7 June — two men are condemned to death: farmer Pierre-Philippe-Joseph Dusevel, 64, for ”having had liasons with the infamous Truyart de Pernes, leader of the rebels in the Petite-Vendée [and] having in his possession the fanatic pamphlet Préservatifs pour une famille contre les dangers du schisme,” and sutler in the army Jean-Baptiste Marsy, 51, for having "said in the cabaret that the maximum was abolished, particularly in Lille, where everyone returned and could sell their goods at will; that the authors of this law had been guillotined; that if it had been established, it had been to incite the people and start a civil war." (Paris, volume 2, page 207)
10, 11, 12 June — Three people are guillotined: Merchant Louis Caron, 49, for "having made frequent trips to the border and led several priests out of France to whom he had sent, in a snuffbox, thirty gold louis,” gunsmith Antony Bodin, 41, for having "protected refractory priests and signed an address to keep them, said that he had enough knives to slit the throats of patriots, that he would only give the edge to the sabers of aristocrats and that he kept a ton of beer for the émigrés,” and lawyer Charles-Joseph Dupont d’Hallewyn, 78, for ”being the father of several émigrés and having kept a map attached to a mirror, in the four corners of which were printed these words: Clergy, Nobility, Throne, Altar. Under each of these words one read: Fire, and in the center in cut-out letters: the Third Estate.” Five people are acquitted, a domestic suspected of ”having aided his master in hiding weapons and furniture,” a gendarme who had “falsified a meat voucher,” a concierge who had ”allowed a prisoner to escape,” and two forest rangers accused of “having sought to squander State timber.” (Paris, volume 2, page 207-209)
13 June — five people are executed: court clerk Jean-Joseph Legay, 48, for having "abandoned his post at the moment of taking the civic oath, presided over a gathering of aristocrats, and refused to accept the Constitution,” knight of Saint-Louis François Vincheguerre, 69, for ”having maintained close ties with aristocrats, fanatics and suspicious individuals,” Élisabeth Plunkette, 36, for having ”spread the address in which the traitor Capet was congratulated for having vetoed the decree on the oath of priests,” farmer Charles François Dupont, 61, for having ”insulted the commissioners in charge of raising the defenders of the homeland,” and surveyor François-Marie Lourdel, 71, for ”having said, upon leaving church, that the decree which ordered the deportation of the priests was the decree of the beggars and that the sans-culottes were scoundrels.” Five men suspected of having been Dupont’s accomplices are acquitted. (Paris, volume 2, page 209-212)
14 and 15 June — six people are acquitted, two suspected of "having manufactured a counterfeit stamp,” a merchant who ”had delayed a supply convoy and usurped the honors due to the national representation,” a farmer accused of ”having sought to debase the assignats and discredit the Convention,” and a fishmonger and farmer who “had shown contempt for the authorities of that commune, uttered threats, and stolen property belonging to the Republic.” (Paris, volume 2, page 213)
16 June — farmer Jacques Baudry, 33, is executed for ”having said that he didn't give a damn about the municipality of Saint-Pol since it had voted for the death of Louis Capet; that it was they who had caused his death; that he didn’t give a damn about patriots, that honest people were the only ones who went to the guillotine. He had, moreover, wanted to strike a municipal officer with an andiron and laid his hand on the daughter of the house.” (Paris, volume 2, page 213-214)
17 June — five farmers are acquitted, accused of distributing false assignats, of violating the Law of the Maximum, of disparaging the popular society and squandering church furnishings, and of disregarding the law prohibiting the simultaneous holding of municipal office and the position of tax collector, respectively. (Paris, volume 2, page 214)
18 June — five people are executed: mason Pierre Dauchez "for having abandoned the young men of the first requisition, for having hidden to evade military service and for having fueled fanaticism in Wailly" and his mother Marie-Françoise, 50, father Pierre-Adrien, 55, and two sisters Séraphine, 26 and Augustine, 24, for being his ”accomplices.”(Paris, volume 2, page 219-221)
19 June — six people are executed: hatter François Delacroix, 36, for ”having insulted patriots, and in particular the defenders of the homeland, when he saw them poorly dressed, and of having given evidence of the most ardent aristocracy and the most marked incivility” (during the trial, Delacroix denied these accusations and declared he would be ready to do anything for the homeland), priest Pierre-Joseph Nonjan, 41, for being "head of a monarchist club composed of nobles, priests and counter-revolutionaries of the commune of Arras, which held its meetings at the house of widow Caron, and insulted the constitutional priests,” librarian Denis Wignan, 41, for ”having circulated in Arras the Manifesto of Brunswick and other tyrants, and having received inflammatory writings from Paris and Lille,” lawyer Romain Marchandise, 35, "for having professed the doctrines of the Feuillants, for having shown himself to be a partisan of the department when this administration was still counter-revolutionary, for having circulated an address of congratulations to the infamous Gapet, and for having wanted to strike with his sword one of the most ardent patriots of Arras,” baliff François Griffon, 40, for being an ”agent of counter-revolutionaries and aristocrats” and ”having made incendiary remarks,” and baliff Jean-Baptiste Boitel for being ”a notorious agent of the most despicable aristocracy, an enemy of the Revolution, suspected of emigration during the siege of Lille.” One person is acquitted. (Paris, volume 2, page 245-248)
20 June — lawyer Jean-Pierre Delehelle de Vicques, 38, is sentenced to death for ”having stirred up nostalgia for the old regime, made frequent trips to the village of Héninel, and used his influence to incite the inhabitants there.” A journalist suspected of having chanted ”Long live the King, emperor and Coblentz” is acquitted. (Paris, volume 2, page 248-249)
21 June — four people are condemned to death — stocking manufacturer Adrien Cantrel, 52, for on 4 March 1794 having declared ”yes, they killed innocence itself to let tyrants live and reign,” domestic Marguerite Houez, 40, for ”having hidden, to the detriment of the Republic, pieces of silverware belonging to her masters,” surgeon César Lescardé, 56, for ”having hidden his émigré nephew” and horseman Pierre-Louis Dubois, 63, for allegedly having made the statement: ”If it was up to me, I would overthrow the National Convention." One person is acquitted. (Paris, volume 2, page 249-250)
22 June — two people are put to death — Jacqueline Roland, 60, for having spoken ill of the assignats, and Antoine-Marie-Narcisse Soldini, 21, for having ”attested to his criminal indifference to the military state, or rather that he had the most marked contempt for it.” A carpenter suspected of hiding a man from conscription is acquitted. (Paris, volume 2, page 250-251)
23 June — ten people are executed — Lieutenant-General Luc-Gille-Joseph Ozenne, 71, for having hidden his brother-in-law the priest Édouard Gouillard, 69, in his house (Gouillard was also executed), prosecutor Antoine Martel, 53, for ”having received stolen silverware and furniture belonging to Messrs. Théry de Liettre, émigrés,” shoemaker Philippe-Joseph Gaupin, 35, for having ”mocked the respectable uniform of the National Guard and said that if he had worn such a garment, he would have thrown it into the fire,” gardener Antoine Roussel, 38, for having ”applied a passage from the Book of Revelation to the patriots and said that a seven-horned beast would come and devour them,” day laborer Angastîn Boulin, 38, for having ” frequently crossed the border, presumed to have provided aid to émigrés, and had opposed the arrest of an individual wearing a black cockade,” tavern owner François Delautel, 76, for having "lent his house to the royalists for a nocturnal orgy, while the sans-culotte children of the commune were in Belgium. During this orgy, it had been proposed to cut down the sacred cap of Liberty; and indeed, this venerable symbol was cut down that same night,” tavern owner Jean-Louis-Joseph Besq, 37, for being ”leader of a royalist gathering that took place in a tavern these gentlemen called le Petit-Coblentz, and signing several royalist and fanatic addresses,” farmer Pierre Colpart, 67, for having ”supported refractory priests and allowed Father Moreau, principal of the college, to continue his functions without taking the oath,” and artillery captain Joseph Tardivy, 67, for "having said that the batteries on the rampart were well enough positioned for their intended purpose; that if the enemy appeared, the town would be surrendered immediately; that the patriots were rabble; that they should be blown up like swallows. He had brought bad news to the homes of the aristocrats." One man, suspected of having traveled to the borders to help the enemy, is acquitted. (Paris, volume 2, page 251-253)
24 June — three people are condemned to death: hospital director Marie Braure, 43, for having ”removed various items from the hospital sacristy,” and porters in the Austrian army Jean-Baptiste Nicaise, 46, and Arnould Allart, for ”espionage.” (Paris, volume 2, page 253-254)
25 June — Six people are sentenced to death: farmer Nicolas-Philippe-Balthazar-Joseph Proost, 39, for ”having disrespected the assignats while making incriminating remarks as early as July 5, 1793,” having said, on the occasion of the destruction of a religious house: “The scoundrels still have the audacity to demolish these buildings; within a fortnight they will remember it; the enemy is already master of Valenciennes; we will fuck them up…” and having written ”O my friend, I have good news to give you: Condé has been taken, and Valenciennes is about to open its gates; I have received news of it. Many people in Lille have the white cockade in their pockets. My hams are being desalted to delight the Austrians, and I hope that within a fortnight I will enrich my land with the dead bodies of the patriots,” Marie-Joseph-Pélagie Rogier, 68, and her daughter Thérèse Rogier, for having ”read aristocratic papers, especially when they were in Roclincourt, lodged at the house of the chevalier Moinart, an émigré, and having kept infamous songs, one of which, about the Cuirassiers, bore at its head the emblems of royalty,” servant of a since emigrated priest Aldegonde Facon, 41, "for having refused to attend the masses of the constitutional priests [and] having said to the constitutional priest of Vimy that he carried the devil on his shoulders and that those who went to the masses of constitutional priests would be damned,” boarding school master Jean-Damascène Debay, 39, for having said "They are thieves, they are scoundrels who enrich themselves at the expense of the Nation,” about the representatives of the people, and former abbess Philippine-Aldegonde Hennecart de Briffoeil, 68, for "having removed furniture from the abbey, saying that she would not leave a single nail to the Nation, and of having pitied the fate of the deported priests." One person accused of having made counter-revolutionary remarks is acquitted. (Paris, volume 2, page 254-258)
26 June — three people are sentenced to death: Reine-Françoise Rivelois, 38, and farmer Jean-Simon Pruvost for having sent aid in cash to the priests of Loos and Ivenchy-en-Gohelle, and merchant Jean-Baptiste Vestavel, 31, for having "taken flight and been found carrying a silver ingot. The circumstances indicated that the ingot was intended for the enemies of the homeland.” A man accused of having been the accomplice of Rivelois and Pruvost is acquitted. (Paris, volume 2, page 258)
27 June — six women are sentenced to death: ex-nobles Albertine Briois, 67, and Françoise-Marguerite Briois, 60, for not having left French soil in time, Marie-Suzanne de Laune, 60, for having corresponded with her émigré brother, Catherine Faya, 50, for having ”insulted her husband because he frequented popular societies,” Victoire Boitel, 59, for having ”discredited the assignats and refused to accept them,” and lacemaker Rosalie Colbeau, 55, for having corresponded with the priest she had served as domestic for. Three people are acquitted — a laborer who had boasted about being an aristocrat, and a health officer and farmer who had made a bet on how long the Constitution would last. (Paris, volume 2, page 258-259)
29 June — two men are executed: farmer and former mayor of Lebœuf-Levaque Jean Choqué, 64, for having ”suspicious papers and correspondance” at his place and allegedly openly having said ”if we see the enemy, we will go to meet him with wine,” while mayor, and tax office clerk Benolt-Ghislain-Joseph Lallart de Lebucquière, 39, (son of the Ghislain Lallart executed on 2 floréal) accused of ”having applauded the treason of Dumouriez.” Five people are acquitted — Jean Choqué’s son, two mulquiniers suspected of counter-revolutionary remarks, a miller who had made a citizen carrying supplies to the armies dismount from his horse, and a merchant who had sought to dissolve the popular society of Bapaume. (Paris, volume 2, page 259-260)
30 June — 22 people are executed: cathedral chaplains Louis-Joseph-Folquin Boucher, 68, and Pierre-François-Charles Moncomble, 66, who ”had left France on August 10, 1792 and had not returned until the capture of Tournay. They had continued to say mass, hear confessions and engage in other superstitious practices,” monk Draon-Joseph Lefrançois da Fetel, 74, and cathedral chaplain Jean Abraham, 72, for having ”gathered counter-revolutionaries in their homes and spread pamphlets,” Charles-Marie Merlin, 45, for ”having said to an aristocrat of his kind who asked him: When will this end? — When the twelve hundred wretches over there have eaten everything,” tax collector Louis-Joseph Dauchez, 40, for having had ties to two already guillotined men as well as for having refused to lodge two national volunteers, saying he didn't know these people, recollects Jean-Antoine Pellaert, 60, Antoine-François Ghartrel, 81, Jean-Louis Yestock, 39, Pierre-Jacques Cleys, 60, Marcel Picayet, 34, and Pierre-Jean Montagne, 70, Discalced Carmelites Pierre-Simon Foly, 33, and Pierre-Joseph Charlet, 59, the priests Philippe-Joseph-Maximilien Leroux, 59, Liévin-François Gamblain, 49, and Guillaume-François Banquart, 40, five nuns Henriette de Buchy, 30, Marie-Augustine-Scolastique Minne, 39, Anne Vandervick, 42, Régina Beck, 25 ans, and Barbara Grisou, 40, for having ”consistently shown themselves contrary to the laws emanating from the national representation, particularly the [civic] oath; they had left the land of Liberty to inhabit the polluted air of places where despotism reigned; they had stirred up, by every possible means, the hatred of the inhabitants of Belgium against France and especially against our brothers in arms; they had sought, through atrocious and fanatical libels dictated by priestly rage and treachery, to destroy the benefits of the Revolution; and they had shamelessly slandered the French people, introduced into France and circulated pamphlets in order to corrupt and deprave the public spirit and thereby place the French people back under the yoke of priests and kings, they had, in their fanatical and superstitious prayers and invocations, conjured the help of their God against the French people who no longer recognize any divinity other than the Supreme Being; finally, during their retreat to Belgium, they had provided financial aid to the enemies of France, and at all times favored, to the best of their ability, the internal and external enemies of the Republic.” This last group was tried and condemned in Arras’ Temple of Reason. (Paris, volume 2, page 260-264)
2 July — two women are sentenced to death: Védastine-Hélène-Joseph Lejosne La Comté-La-Ferté, 68, for having ”carefully preserved her coat of arms and maintained a correspondence with two émigré priests, fanatics of the first force,” cook Marguerite Boucher, 38, for ”[being a] fanatical aristocrat, having scorned the Revolution, having rejoiced in the defeat of our armies, having booed the gazette on several occasions when it announced some victory, [and being] a fanatic, having sought to incite fanaticism.” Ten people are acquitted, one accused of answering ”that doesn’t concern you” when asked whether or not he was a republican, two who had ”showed their joy over the treason of the infamous Dumouriez,” one for buying a farm at a bargain price, one who had sought to delay the resale of said farm ”in order to favor non-juring priests,” one who had refused “to promulgate the decree annulling the sale of the said farm, had urged the Hesdin popular society to break with the parent society, and had opposed the address to the National Convention regarding the events of May 31 and June 1 and 2,” one of having “abused his office [as prosecutor] to plunder assignats found in cupboards he had forced open,” and three who had ”assisted in breaking up said cupboards.” (Paris, volume 2, page 264-266)
5 July — seven people are sentenced to death: lawyer Charles-Adrien-Joseph Dourlens, 35, for being ”allied with the aristocrats, [having] scorned and despised the people, and shown attachment to the nobles and priests, this class of men so justly proscribed,” notary Lambert-Joseph Lefebvre, 60, and his wife Catherine Lefebvre, 60, for having corresponded with an émigré and kept counter-revolutionary objects in their house, François-Xavier Camus, 34, for having ”corresponded with the émigrés and sent aid to these dastards, these infamous people,” Hyacinthe Lagache, 43, and Adrienne Dupont, 46, for having ”voluntarily exiled themselves from the sacred soil inhabited by Liberty and Equality, and having kept in their possession The key to Paradise or the Way to Heaven, a Prayer to Mary, Mother of God, conceived without sin, a piece of cloth torn from the cloak of the blessed servant of God Benedict Joseph Labre, and the attestation of the vicar general of the former bishop of Boulogne that this piece was truly taken from the holy cloak,” and finally farmer Jean-Pierre Mauroy, 58, for having "shown attachment to the guillotined M. de La Comté, and received in his name seigneurial rights when they were annihilated by law."(Paris, volume 2, page 266-269)
6 July — seven men are executed: merchant François-Joseph Lemaire, 40, for ”having discredited the assignats and said the patriots will one day be eaten alive, and emphasized this statement with a threatening gesture that announced he would contribute in some way to this demise,” brother of Christian Doctrine Ghislain-Florent Pronier, 37, for having "violently denounced the law on the civic oath and said that he would never teach in any other way than the one he had hitherto used,” notary Siméon-François Mongy, 61, for having ”"sought to incite the citizens, particularly during the suppression of the religious congregations, and declared that if the sale of these congregations' property continued, there would be no more meat for the people,” merchant Jacques François Régis Belbarre, 56, for having opposed the establishment of popular societies, threatened the patriots, and made uncivil remarks such as You don’t know, that our people will have all their rights restored and that we will hold the Béthune fair in honor of Louis XVI,” mason J.-B. Flageolet, for having ”treated his son harshly because he was a patriot, and declared that it was unfortunate that the cause of the priests was being hindered,” and organist at the collegiate church of Saint-Barthélémy Charles Guffroy, 57, for having ”discredited assignats, protected non-juring priests, refused to play Ça ira on the organ during a civic festival, and preferred to lose his position rather than take the [civic] oath.” A cobbler suspected of having said counter-revolutionary things is acquitted. (Paris, volume 2, page 269-270)
7 July — five people are sentenced to death: Albertine-Isabelle Briois des Arleux, 63, for having ”left French soil and only returned to carry out plans conceived between herself and the enemies of the homeland, having maintained the most criminal ties with them. An aristocrat all the more dangerous because her wealth gave her the means to corrupt public opinion and execute her infamous plots, she had sought to incite fanaticism; she herself was utterly fanatical,” chaplain of the Arras Cathedral Jean-Baptiste Braine, 49, for in 1792 ”having left the soil of Liberty, and not returned until the end of October, and having maintained relations with aristocrats and fanatics,” Pierre Degremont, 21, for having ”torn off and trampled underfoot, on 15 Messidor, the cockade of a volunteer, torn to pieces three assignats of fifteen sols which belonged to him, and stirred up the village,” Emmanuel Verkonis, 48, guilty of the very same thing as Degremont as well as for ”being the owner of a French greatcoat, another greatcoat and an Austrian coat,” and laborer Martial Maguenot, 32, for having "abandoned the flags of Liberty just as they were about to be covered in glory, [and having] been caught in the conquered country, disguised and covered in rags." Three people are acquitted, the first two suspected of having said ”that a letter descended from the heavens had announced that those who did not sanctify Sunday would be burned by lightning," the third of having claimed "to have found an egg in which the tree and the bonnet of liberty were represented. (Paris, volume 2, page 270-271)
9 July — two men — forester Jacques Devray, 65, and his nephew farmer André Bocquillon, 38, are executed for having said Avenge us like royalists and cried Long live the King, to Hell with the Nation! in public. A man who had tried to help the surgeon Durasnel (executed on May 21) escape is acquitted, as is a farmer who had defrauded the state in his straw supplies. (Paris, volume 2, page 271)
10 July — four people are executed: trader Marie-Louis Legris, 46, coadjutor Cyprien Leblan, 35, and actor Joseph Luçon, 26, for ”[their] love for tyranny and fanaticism, [and having] left French soil and carried aid to our enemies,” and Noële Vichery, 32, for responding ”they have guillotined in Arras people who were no more guilty than the infant I’m holding in my arms,” when two commissioners reproached her for not wearing a cockade on her bonnet and saying that they could get her executed for that. (Paris, volume 2, page 271-272)
11 July — farmer Pierre-François Delerue, 60, is executed for ”having peddled a letter from heaven, in which citizens were exhorted to a pious resistance to the revolutionary government.” Four people suspected of the same charge are acquitted. (Paris, volume 2, page 272)
12 July — two people are executed: surveyor Timothée Delestré, 32, for having ”written a letter to his sister in which he announced he had come up with the plan to give his soul to the devil for money, to consume this sacrifice he had asked for things contrary to decency. In 1791, he had made people believe that he had just won a large prize in the lottery and had walked around Bapaume wearing a bonnet rouge, to the sound of music,” procurator, and Augustine Deliége, 52, for having ”disseminated inflammatory writings, looked down on those who wore the honorable uniform of the National Guard, and received refractory priests at her home, such as the profoundly hypocritical and counter-revolutionary Ledieu, formerly the parish priest of Saint-Aubert.” A 26 year old woman who has been found with ”a certificate given to the Countess of Montesson, a letter dated December 23 1793 announcing that the Austrians, with a rather considerable army, were advancing into France in five columns, and a song signed with a flaming heart, representing a patriotic heart pierced by an arrow, which signified the implacable hatred of the counter-revolutionaries and the intention to shed the blood of the friends of Liberty” in her possession is condemned to death, but granted a reprieve due to her pregancy. This ended up saving her life (Paris, volume 2, page 273-275)
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