~ใจใใใฉใ
a conjunction that expresses the idea of 'even (though)'
even; any; although; though; even though
N/Vru + ใจใใใฉใ
ๅป่ ใจใใใฉใๆใซ็ ๆฐใซใชใใใจใใใใ// Even doctors sometimes become ill.
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~ใจใใใฉใ
a conjunction that expresses the idea of 'even (though)'
even; any; although; though; even though
N/Vru + ใจใใใฉใ
ๅป่ ใจใใใฉใๆใซ็ ๆฐใซใชใใใจใใใใ// Even doctors sometimes become ill.
๏ฝใกใใป๏ฝใใใป๏ฝใใ
Just as it is normal practice to use ja arimasen instead of dewa arimasen many people use shortened sentence patterns like those shown below. In conversations between friends this type of speech sounds more natural. However, the way that these forms are used depends on each person.
1. ๏ฝใฆใฏใใใชใใ๏ผใ๏ฝใกใใใใชใใใ๏ฝใงใฏใใใชใใ๏ผใ๏ฝใใใใใชใ
้ฃในใฆใฏใใใชใใ๏ผใ้ฃในใกใใใใชใ
ๆฅใใงใฏใใใชใใ๏ผใๆฅใใใใใใชใ
๏ผ๏ผ๏ฝใฆใใพใใ๏ผใ๏ฝใกใใใใ๏ฝใงใใพใใ๏ผใ๏ฝใใใ
้ฃในใฆใใชใใ๏ผใ้ฃในใกใใ
้ฃฒใใงใใพใใ๏ผใ้ฃฒใใใใ
๏ผ๏ผ๏ฝใชใใงใฏใใใชใใ๏ผใใชใใกใใใใชใใ๏ฝใชใใใฐใชใใชใใ๏ผใ๏ฝใชใใใชใใชใ
้ฃในใชใใฆใฏใใใชใใ๏ผใ้ฃในใชใใกใใใใชใ
้ฃในใชใใใฐใชใใชใใ๏ผใ้ฃในใชใใใชใใชใ
๏ฝใฆใใป๏ฝใฆใใป๏ฝใจใ
Many short and easy-to-say forms are used in conversational Japanese. The sound i in ~teiru and ~teiku is dropped making these ~teru and ~teku. ~Teoku becomes ~toku as its e sound is also dropped.
1. ๏ฝใฆใใใใผใ๏ฝใฆใใ๏ผใ
ๆใฃใฆใใใใ๏ผใๆใฃใฆใใใใ
ๆใฃใฆใใฆใญใ๏ผใๆใฃใฆใฆใญใใ
ๆใฃใฆใใชใใงใ๏ผใๆใฃใฆใชใใงใ
๏ผ๏ผ๏ฝใฆใใใ๏ผใ๏ฝใฆใใ๏ผใ
ๅญไพใ้ฃใใฆใใใใ๏ผใๅญไพใ้ฃใใฆใใใใ
้ฃใใฆใใฃใฆไธใใใ๏ผใ้ฃใใฆใฃใฆไธใใใใ
ๅญไพใ้ฃใใฆใใใใใ๏ผใๅญไพใ้ฃใใฆใใใ
๏ผ๏ผ๏ฝใฆใใใ๏ผใ๏ฝใจใใ๏ผใ
่ฒทใฃใฆใใใใ๏ผใ่ฒทใฃใจใใใใ
่ฒทใฃใฆใใใฆไธใใใ๏ผใ่ฒทใฃใจใใฆไธใใใใ
่ฒทใฃใฆใใใใใชใ๏ผใ่ฒทใฃใจใใใใชใ
๏ฝใใใฃใใใซใปๅฅๆฉใซ
With A as a good opportunity/chance to B; Using A as a time to (start) B
N/Vruใฎ/Vtaใฎใ+ ใใใฃใใใซ/ใใฃใใใจใใฆ/ใใฃใใใซใใฆ/ๅฅๆฉใซ/ๅฅๆฉใจใใฆ/ๅฅๆฉใซใใฆ
ๅคงๅญฆๅ ฅๅญฆใใใฃใใใซๅผใฃ่ถใใ๏ผใ ใใใใซใ ใใใใใใฃใใใซใฒใฃใใ๏ผ//Triggered by entrance to university I will move houses.
๏ฝใ๏ฝใฐ๏ฝใใป๏ฝใ๏ฝใชใ๏ฝใ
Used to show two conditions are either both true or both false
A is B and C is D; neither A is B nor C is D
N1ใ+Vใฐ+N2ใ+Vru
N1ใ+iใใใฐ+N2ใ+iใ
N1ใ+naใชใ+N2ใ+naใ
N1ใ+Nใชใ+N2ใ+Nใ
ๅฝผใฏๅๅผทใใงใใใฐในใใผใใใงใใใ๏ผใใใฏในใใใใใใงใใใฐในใใผใใใงใใ๏ผ//He is an outstanding student academically and in sports.
๏ฝใจใ
used when it's not 100% whether or not the sentence is true. used primarily in colloquial language.
I heard ~; it seems that ~;
V/i/na/N+ใจใ
ไปๅคใฎ่ฑ็ซๅคงไผใฏ้จใงไธญๆญขใ ใจใใ๏ผใใใใฎใฏใชใณใใใใใฏใใใงใกใ ใใใ ใจใ๏ผใ// If it rains tonight the fireworks will be cancelled.
๏ฝใใ๏ฝใซใใใฆ
represents a span of time of physical expanse. Can be used whether or not conditions represent specific times/places.
for; over; extending; stretching; ranging; covering
N(time)+ใใ~N(time)+ใซใใใฆ N(place)+ใใ~N(place)+ใซใใใฆ
ๆๆฅใฏๆผใใๅคๆนใซใใใฆ้จใงใใใใ๏ผใใใใฏใฒใใใใใใใใซใใใฆใใใงใใใ๏ผ // Tomorrow it will rain from noon through to the evening.
๏ฝใใ่ฆใใจใปใใ่ฆใใฐใปใใ่ฆใฆ
if you think from the standpoint of ~
from the viewpoint of; from the standpoint of ~
N + ใใ่ฆใใจ/ใใ่ฆใใฐ/ใใ่ฆใฆ
ๆฅๆฌใฎ็ฟๆ ฃใซใฏๅคๅฝไบบใใ่ฆใใจๅฆใชใใฎใใใใ ใใใ๏ผใซใปใใฎใใ ใใใใซใฏใใใใใใใใใฟใใจใฟใใใชใใฎใใใใ ใใ๏ผ // There may be some Japanese customs that are strange from the foreigner's perspective.
๏ฝใใใใใจใปใใใใใฐ
considering ~; thinking about ~; judging from ~;
N+ใใใใใจ/ใใใใใฐ
็็ถใใใใใจๅฟ่ใฎ็ ๆฐใใใใใชใใ๏ผใใใใใใใใใใใจใใใใใฎใณใใใใใใใใชใ๏ผ // Judging from the symptoms it may be a heart disease.
๏ฝใใ่จใใจใปใใ่จใใฐใปใใ่จใฃใฆ
a phrase that means either 'in terms of' or 'judging from'
in terms of; from the viewpoint of; judging from
N+ใใ่จใใจ;ใใ่จใใฐ;ใใ่จใฃใฆ
ๅฎขใฎ็ซๅ ดใใ่จใใจใใฎๅบใฏๅ ฅใๅฃใใใพใใฆๅ ฅใใซใใใ๏ผใใใใฎใใกใฐใใใใใจใใฎใฟใใฏใใใใกใใใพใใฆใฏใใใซใใ๏ผ // From the customer's view this shop has a small entrance which makes it hard to get in.
๏ฝใใฎใใใซ
a conjunctive phrase that forms an adverbial clause which describes the way s.o./s.t. appears to the writer, contrary to reality
as if;
V/i/na/N + ใใฎใใใซ
่ฌๅผใๅงใพใใจ้จใ้ใๅบใใใใพใใง็ฉบใๆณฃใใฆใใใใฎใใใ ใ๏ผใใใใใใฏใใพใใจใใใใตใใ ใใใใพใใงใใใใชใใฆใใใใฎใใใ ๏ผ // When the funeral started it began to rain. It was as if the sky was crying.
๏ฝใใจใชใ
without doing A once (expressed strongly)
without;
้จใฏไผใใใจใชใ้ใ็ถใใใ๏ผใใใฏใใใใจใชใใตใใคใฅใใ๏ผ//It was raining continuously without end.
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆญขใใใใจใใชใไฝๆ้ใๆณฃใ็ถใใใ (ใใฎใใใฏใใใใใจใใชใใชใใใใใใชใใคใฅใใ)
She cried for hours without ceasing
๏ฝใฃใใชใ
s.t. is definitely not possible
V-masu + ใฃใใชใ
ไธๆฅใงใใฎๆฌใฎๆๆณๅ จ้จใชใใฆ่ฆใใใใฃใใชใใ๏ผใใกใซใกใงใใฎใปใใฎใถใใฝใใใใถใชใใฆใใผใใใใฃใใชใ๏ผ // It's impossible to memorize the grammar in this book in one day
๏ฝใฌ
an archaic auxiliary that indicates negation
not;
Vneg+ใฌ (Ex.: ็ฅใใฌ)
ใฐใญใใซใชๆไปฃใซ่ชๅฝใฎใใจใ่ใใใใใซใฏใใใฌใ๏ผใฐใญใใซใชใใ ใใซใใใใฎใใจใใใใใใใใใซใฏใใใฌ๏ผ // In the global age we can't think of our own countries alone.
๏ฝใซๅ ็ซใก
This construction refers to something social or public, and not something personal. Before s.t. occurs/takes place
Nni/Vruni + ๅ ็ซใก/ๅ ็ซใฃใฆ/ๅ ็ซใคN
้ๅบใซๅ ็ซใก้ขไฟ่ ใ ใใฎใใผใใฃใผใ่กใใใใ๏ผใใใฆใใซใใใ ใกใใใใใใใ ใใฎใใผใใฃใผใใใใชใใใ๏ผ// Prior to opening a party was held with those involved.
ๅใใ vs ๅใใ
ๅใใ requires a reference line (which may be overtly expressed or not expressed). It means A and B are on opposite sides with respect to C.
ๅบใฏๅทใฎๅใใใซใใใ A = current location, B = store, C = river
ๅใใ requires a "forward" direction. It means that along a line starting from A and facing the forward direction, there is B.
ไฝ่คใใใฎๅใใใๅฑฑ็ฐใใใ ใ
(x)
๏ฝๅใ
Similar to ๅใ but it has a different meaning. That is, muki carries the meaning of 'facing' or 'suitable for'
N+ๅใ+ใ /ใซ/ใฎN
็งใฏๅๅใใฎ้จๅฑใๆฌฒใใใ๏ผใใใใฏใฟใชใฟใใใฎใธใใใปใใ๏ผ//I want a room facing south
ใใฎ่ฉฑใๆ ็ปใใใใใใขใใกๅใใ ใ๏ผใใฎใฏใชใใใใใใใใใใใขใใกใใใ ๏ผ//This story is more suitable for anime than for a movie