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Posts

itslostfocus

💫 Resources

Quizlet flashcards decks made by me

Vocabulary (+6k words)

어휘 1 (1-2000 words)

어휘 2 (2001-4000 words)

어휘 3 (4001-6000 words)

어휘 4 (6001- ... words)

Slang

Everyday phrases

Websites/books

Happy learning! ^^

itslostfocus

💫 Resources

Quizlet flashcards decks made by me

Vocabulary (+6k words)

어휘 1 (1-2000 words)

어휘 2 (2001-4000 words)

어휘 3 (4001-6000 words)

어휘 4 (6001- ... words)

Slang

Everyday phrases

Websites/books

Happy learning! ^^

koreanstudyjunkie

How To Ask Questions In Korean

We’ll go over the most basic and easiest way to do it and then the most confusing, which is actually using the question words to form your own question. You should be familar with sentence structure first to understand this well. I have another post on it here.

The first way is to simply turn a normal sentence into a question by raising your intonation at the end of it. Like when you ask a question in English your voice goes up a little at the end of the sentence.

하교에 가요. (I am going to school.)

학교에 가요? (Are you going to school?)

The sentence doesn’t change, but the way you read it does. You can try it by reading these out loud or in your head above.

The Question Endings:

~ 입니까? / 습니까?

~니?

~ 나요?

The next way to ask questions is to simply attach one of these.

The formal high respect ~습니다 is never used as a question. When asking a question in this form, instead of using ~습니다 you must use ~ㅂ/습니까. ~ㅂ니까 gets added directly to stems ending in a vowel, and ~습니까 gets added after a stem ending in a consonant. You can do this with all tenses.

Past Tense: 았/었/했습니까

Present Tense: 았/었습니까 / 합니까

Future Tense: 겠습니까 | ㄹ 것입니까 / ㄹ 겁니까

When asking a question, instead of ending your sentences with ~아/어, you can end them with ~니. This is an informal way to ask a question, and you can do this in all tenses.

For example:

Past tense: 했니, 먹었니, 갔니, 이었니

Present tense: 하니, 먹니, 가니, 이니

Future tense (~겠): 하겠니, 먹겠니, 가겠니

Future tense (~ㄹ 것이다): 할 거니, 할 것이니, 먹을 거니, 먹을 것이니

You can use ~나(요) at the end of a sentence to ask a question also. It can be used to make a question sound slightly softer than the other ways to ask a question. However, ~나(요) is more often used with verbs and with 있다 and 없다.

It is possible to use this in the future tense, but it only sounds natural when applying it to the ~겠다 future conjugation. Adding ~나(요) to 이다 is typically not done, and therefore adding it to words that are conjugating using ~ㄹ/을 것이다 is unnatural.

Theres’s another ending i didn’t cover in this post : ㄴ가요? | It functions the same as -나요?

The most confusing one:

I’ll only cover the very basics in this post, but it can become more complex. Incase you don’t know the question words here is a list of basic Korean question words (What, when, where, who and why)

뭐 - what

언제 - when

어디 - where

누구 - who

왜 - why

어떻게 - how

Depending on which question word you are using, building a question can be really easy or really confusing.

Most question words are adverbs, which means it can be used/placed as an adverb in sentences. Adverbs can be used almost freely in sentences and technically do not have any specific location that they need to be used.

The most common position for these adverb-question words is before the verb. If there are other adverbs in the sentence (including the negative “안”) the question word is usually placed first. You may see these question words put at the end of a sentence as well. Remember the rule: before a verb - if you ever get overwhelmed.

Examples:

왜 늦었어요?

Why are you late?

한국에 언제 왔어요?

When did you come to Korea?

내 신발이 어디 있어요?

Where are my shoes?

오늘 오후에 뭐 할 거예요?

What are you going to do[your plans for] this afternoon?

어떻게 알았어요?

How did you find out?

In Korean, 누구 has the function of a pronoun. 누구 can be used in the place of a noun in a sentence – that is, it can be used to replace the object, the subject or as a noun before 이다.

This is the same in English – as you can see in the following three examples:

Who will study Korean tomorrow? – ‘who’ is the subject of the sentence.

Who will you meet tomorrow? – ‘who’ is the object of the sentence -“you” is the subject

Who is that person? = ‘who’ is ‘that person’ in the sentence

Examples:

누구를 만났어요? - who did you see/meet?

승규 씨가 누구입니까? - Who is Seung Kyu?

That's all for today's post. Check Out More Korean Lessons Here! Also check out my Spring Fling Challenge.

gigiskjourney

안녕하세요!

Since i want to improve my korean and not only copy everything i read, and actually don't forget it the next day, i create two test (i'll do more once i learn more ofc), one for the alphabeth and the other one for all the grammar i already post.

If you want the test, here you go:

Alphabeth: click here.

Lesson 1-5: click here.

Hope this help you out! Let me know if some of you did it ;_;

studykorean101

Hiii I was wondering if you can do a lot of sentences of how 이/가 and 는/은 are different. Maybe some include the 을/를 too. And also some that have both 는/은 and 이/가 ☺️☺️

anon asked: I see a lot of posts on Tumblr about 이/가 but they just leave me more confused. Can you help? thanks

Sentences to Showcase the Usage of 이/가 and 은/는: [+what are they?]

Please go here for more context on how/when to use them. This post will be kinda long, so I’ll put a TLDR at the top.

TLDR; if the main noun is an agent then use, 은/는 or if the main noun is an experiencer, then use 이/가

Now, what the hell is an agent or an experiencer. A good way to figure this out is to ask yourself, “is the entity doing the action or undergoing the event?” 은/는 are general particles (commonly used for the agent as they are the ones doing or causing the action), whereas 이/가 are particles used to emphasize (commonly used for the experiencer as they are in contact with the event; I will explain more later in the blog). Both are nominative—which is what makes the argument of “subject” and “topic” extremely confusing and meaningless because they don’t accurately identify the noun’s role in the sentence.

I am fortunate enough to have studied thematic roles and syntax in depth during my time in linguistics, however, I understand that a lot of my followers haven’t! So, I will give you a visual:

So again, ask yourself, “who/what is doing/causing the action?” or “who/what is undergoing the event?” Sometimes, it is also easy to look at the verb or adjective and make a judgement there considering it's common** for 이/가 to go with adjectives and common for 은/는 to go with verbs. Another way to think about it: if you need to place emphasis on the agent, then you can use 이/가.

** just because it's common, it does not mean it's a rule (however, it is a good tip)

Below is an example of why the above statement is not a rule.

이다 [to be] is special because it is a copula. A copula is a verb that joins/links the main noun and it's complement. We have many copulas in English (BE, feel, smell, look, become--to name a few). Korean has three: 이다, 아니다, and 되다.

Let’s try to place it in a sentence where both 은/는 and 이/가 occur in contrast:

매일 신발들은 신어야 하는데 오늘은 이 신발이 안 신으면 안 돼요

In the sentence above ^^, the dependent clause [매일 신발들은 신어야 하는데] gives background information for the main clause [오늘은 이 신발이 안 신으면 안 돼요]. “Generally,” the speaker says, “everyday I have to wear shoes, but I must wear these shoes [specifically] today.”

The sentence shows that there is something emphasized about the shoes; “these shoes must undergo being worn by me”. Whatever the reason may be, the speaker intentionally highlighted the shoes in the second clause as the ones that they must wear that day.

Summary so far:

1) If the main noun is doing the action, use 은/는

2) If the main noun is undergoing the action, use 이/가

3) If you want to emphasize the main noun, use 이/가

Hopefully, you’re still following me. Let’s look at other examples:

오늘은 날씨가 좋아요 - today, the weather is good

그 이어폰은 제 게 아니에요 [게 = 것+이] - Those earphones aren’t mine

새로운 선생님이 여자예요 - the new teacher is a woman

선생님은 한국 분이 아니에요 - the teacher is not Korean

제 이름은 지연이 아니고 희주예요 - My name is Heeju, not Jiyeon

비빔밥 말고 다른 한식이 있어요? - Other than bibimbap, do you have other Korean food?

그 남자는 캐나다에 갈 때 미혼이 아닐 거 같아요 - I don’t think that man will be single if/when he travels to Canada

Here’s the worst part; sometimes, there’s no fkn difference between the meanings. Which also makes it confusing. So, try to stick to the rules in the post linked and the patterns from this post.

1. Use 이/가 after an object when you’re describing an agent’s feelings or state of mind

EX. 존은 책을 읽는 게 좋아요; 존은 책이 좋아요 = John likes (reading) books

2. Use 이/가 after the noun that precedes (goes before) a copula

EX. 존은 한국에 온 지 3년이 되었어요 = John has been in Korea for 3 years

3. Adjectives and Intransitive verbs (no object), can take on 이/가 if you want to emphasize the main noun

EX. 내일은 날씨가 바람이 불 거 같아요 = It seems like it’s going to be windy tomorrow

4. Transitive verbs (takes an object), usually use 이/가 for the first noun and 을/를 for the object

EX. 존이 이를 닦는 중이에요 = John is [in the middle] of brushing his teeth

Okay! I really hope this helped! If there’s still any confusion, please don’t hesitate to send me a message to ask for clarification or more examples! 이/가 and 은/는 are honestly some of the hardest for English speakers learning Korean to grasp because we don’t really have particles like this that distinguish nouns in English. Though, with this, I hope you can get better at it!

Happy Learning :)

~ SK101

helagus

Websites for learning Korean

(i will only be adding links)

Howtostudykorean.com

Freshkorean.com

Talktomeinkorean.com

90daykorean.com

Koreanclass101.com

Topikguide.com

Coursera.org

Koreanwikiproject.com

Easytolearnkorean.com

Studytopic.go.kr

Sooandcarrots.com

Rawkorean.com

Ilovelanguages.org

Koreanstudyjunkie.com/blog

Koreanfromzero.com

I will keep adding if i find more websites.

These are only websites and not apps or yt channels

a-pop-of-korean

One-Page Masterlist

안녕하세요! Hey everyone! I recently got an ask about my old masterlist, which is the same as my broken-down masterlist except it has all of my lessons on one page, rather than on multiple separate posts. Some may find this expanded version easier to navigate, so I’ll keep this up for y’all! My broken-up masterlist, of course, will still be available for those who find that more helpful :)

Hangul Lessons

Consonants

Vowels

Writing/Reading Korean Syllables

Some 받침 Rules

Diphthongs

Stroke Order

Some More 받침 Rules

Irregular Verbs

The Basics

Common Phrases

Numbers

Sino-Korean vs. Native Korean Numbers (Instagram Post)

Sentence Structure and Particles

Present-Tense Conjugations and Formal Language

Adjectives

Questions

Honorifics and Casual Language

Beginner

Negative Sentences

잘 and 못

Past Tense

Future Tense (-ㄹ / 을 것이다)

-ㄹ / 을 까요? (Shall we…? / I wonder…?)

-(으)세요 (Giving Commands / Asking Questions)

Telling Time

-고 싶다 (I want to…)

How to Say “And”

-지만 (However)

아/어/여서 (So…)

Negative Commands

Spacing (띄어쓰기)

Adverbs

ㅂ Irregular

Comparatives and Superlatives

난, 날, & 내가

Upper-Beginner

-(으)면 (If…)

아/어/여도 (Even though…/Even if…)

(으)면 되다 / 아/어/여도 되다 (I can…/You may…)

-아/어도 되다: Asking for and Giving Permission (Instagram post)

-(으)면 되다 & -(으)면 안 되다 (Instagram post)

아/어/여야 되다 and 아/어/여야 하다(Have to / Should)

Present Progressive (-고 있다)

How to Say “Or”

-아/어/여하다

All About 중

How to Use -(으)로

Before & After

-ㄴ/은 채로

Intermediate

Describing Nouns with Verbs (-는 것)

Describing Nouns with Verbs - Past & Future Tense (-ㄴ/은 / -ㄹ/을 것)

Nominalization

것 같다 (I think… / It seems…)

-러 가다 / -러 오다

-(으)려고 (In order to…)

-기로 하다 (to Decide to do Smth)

척하다 (To Pretend)

-게 되다

-군요 / -구나

아/어/여 보다 (to try…)

-은/ㄴ 적 있다 / 없다 (I have / have not)

-ㄹ/을 게요 (Future Tense)

겠다

-ㄹ/을 수 있다/없다 (I can / cannot)

-ㄹ/을 때 (When…)

-ㄴ/는다면 (If)

-(으)면서 and -(으)며

-(으)니까 (Because / So)

-아/어/여주다

-(ㄴ/는)다 (Narrative Form)

Quoting

Let’s…

Quoting continued

(으)ㄹ래요? (Wanna…?)

-죠

-대로

More Quoting - 대 & 래

잘하다 & 못하다 vs. 잘 하다 & 못 하다

-아/어 가지고

-(으)려면

-는 길에 & -는 길이다

-(으)면 vs. -ㄴ/는다면 (Instagram Post)

-았/었을 것이다

-느라고

-는 데(에)

-ㄹ/을 뻔하다

Upper-Intermediate

-ㄴ/는데

-(으)ㄴ/는지 (Whether or not)

-(이)라는…

All About 아무리

-잖아요

Expressing Surprise

-시 (Honorific)

Making Comparisons

-아/어/여지다

I might…

So that…/To the point where…

Causative Verbs

시키다

Passive Verbs (part 1)

Passive Verbs (part 2)

-ㄴ/은가 보다 & -나 보다 (I guess…)

-ㄹ/을수록

Other Meanings of 싶다

-자마자 & -는 대로(As soon as…)

-긴 하다

-치고

-김에

차라리 (Rather)

-(으)ㅁ Nominalization

-기는 무슨 & -기는 개뿔

-고 보니까

-듯(이)

버리다

-(으)면 좋겠다 & -(으)면 하다

-길 바라다

Advanced

-거든(요)

-줄 알다/모르다

-ㄹ/을 테니까 and -ㄹ/을 텐데

-았/었던

아니라 and 대신에

-ㄹ/을 리가 없다

편이다, 별로, and More

-지 그렇다 (Why don’t you…?)

-ㄹ/을 걸

-ㄹ/을 까 보다

-다면서요

-다니 part 1

-다니 part 2

뜻이다 & 말이다

-다가

-더라고(요)

-더니

Some colloquialisms: 아니시에이팅 and 뭐 이렇게

-(으)ㅁ Sentence Ending

-다 보니까

What does 따위 mean?

-ㄴ/는데도

Korean Idioms

Vocabulary

Must-Know People

Must-Know Places

Must-Know Things

Must-Know Verbs

Must-Know Adjectives

Countries

Months, Days of the Week, and More

Clothing (옷)

School (학교)

Autumn (가을)

Autumn (w/Pictures!)

More Questions

House / Apartment (집 / 아파트)

Emotions / Feelings ( 감정)

Animals (동물)

Loan / Konglish Words

Food and Drink (먹을 것과 마실 것)

Parts of the Body (몸)

Counters

Modes of Transportation (교통 수단)

Colors (색깔)

Colors (with Pictures!)

Weather (날씨)

Winter (겨울)

Music & Instruments (음악과 악기)

Baking Gingerbread Cookies

Emergency (비상)

Hygiene & Bathroom (위생 & 화장실)

Indefinite Pronouns

Work / Office (일 / 사무실)

Spring (봄)

Coronavirus Prevention (코로나바이러스 방역)

How to Wash Your Hands (손을 씻기)

Time (시간)

Korean Cuisine (한식)

Summer (여름)

Summer (여름) w/Pictures!

Graduation (졸업)

Identity (독자성)

Korean Text Slang

Similar Words

Makeup w/Pictures! (화장품)

Family (with Pictures!)

Pronouns

How to Say “Still” and “Already” in Korean

Tastes & Textures (맛과 질감)

K-Pop Audition

K-Pop Fandom Terminology

Different Ways to Say “Change”

Flower Names

What Does 원래 Mean?

What does 오히려 Mean?

College

Hanja Lessons

최

수

악

식

급

동

부 & 불

애

출

퇴

예

음

중

학

습

연

생

대

입

인

문

감

과

원

특

만

후

무

Charts

Present, Past, and Future Tense

Question Words

잘 vs. 못 and Negative Conjugations

Future Tenses

-았/었던 vs. -던 (at end of lesson)

Particles

Some 받침 Rules

Gifving Commands

Conjunctions and -아/어/여서 vs. -(으)니까

-(으)면 vs. -다/라면 and Different Ways to Say “And”

How to Say “Or” (at end of lesson)

Telling Time (at end of lesson)

Comparatives and Superlatives

잘하다 & 못하다 vs. 잘 하다 & 못 하다 (at end of lesson)

Comparing 잘하다/못하다, 잘 하다/못 하다, & 수 있다/수 없다

Irregular Verbs

Pop Quizzes

Level 1

K-Pop Breakdowns

TXT - “Cat & Dog”

Twice - “Feel Special”

Enhypen - “Fever”

2NE1 - “Go Away”

Lee Hi - “Only”

“기억을 걷는 시간 (Time Spent Walking Through Memories)”

KCM - “An Old Love Story (흑백사진)”

Taeyeon - “Can’t Control Myself”

Epik High - “Lost One”

Colde - “A Song Nobody Knows”

IU - “My Sea”

Enhypen - “Polaroid Love”

유라 (youra) - “하양 (RAL 9002)″

BTS - “Ddaeng”

Stray Kids - “For You”

Woozie - “어떤 미래 (What Kind of Future)

TXT - “Eternally”

LOONA - “Heart Attack”

Stray Kids - “Muddy Water”

LOONA - “Girl Front”

Pentagon - “Daisy”

BTS - “Sea”

Semester in SK

Nami Island (남이섬)

Things to Buy at Daiso

Shopping Phrases

Ordering Coffee

Signs in Korea

Ordering at a Restaurant

Riding the Seoul Subway

Things at the 편의점

Korean Curse Words

Etiquette in South Korea

Drinking Culture

Hanja in Real Life

Holidays in South Korea

Korean Cuisine

Concert Ticketing in South Korea

K-pop Comebacks in Korea

Summer in South Korea

What I Learned

lastjanuary

google drive of free korean language learning resources

hi everyone! because i put tutoring on hold while i am working full time but still want to provide help to those who want to start learning/want to practice their korean, i am continuously compiling material for free learning :)

resources are totally free!

most are typically aimed at children (which is great for beginners!!)

hangul practice

vocabulary building

printable/downloadable

example of scans:

example of grammar breakdowns:

i will be adding material over the coming weeks and continuously as i come across material! updates may be frequent or slow down at times.

note: resources are free, and they’re totally free to share and use! but please do not repost without credit, and because i buy these from my workplace with my own money and spend time scanning them and cleaning them up and organizing them, please consider tipping me as much as you’d like ♥️

here is the link to the drive! (sorry, can’t hyperlink on mobile currently)

Korean learning materials - Google Drive

enjoy, and thank you in advance! have fun and feel free to ask me any questions—i am a korean studies grad and was a tutor for the beginning korean classes at my university. i am happy to help however i can!

♥️ joey