Pour que l’histoire puisse tenir debout et se poursuivre sans faiblir, il a fallu que l’amour de la vie ne cesse jamais de l’emporter sur sa lassitude ou sur son dégoût.
Jean d’Ormesson, Guide des égarés (via artdelivre)
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Pour que l’histoire puisse tenir debout et se poursuivre sans faiblir, il a fallu que l’amour de la vie ne cesse jamais de l’emporter sur sa lassitude ou sur son dégoût.
Jean d’Ormesson, Guide des égarés (via artdelivre)
Cils (masculine word) • Eyelashes • /sil/ • Drawing: @beaubonjoli
Writing essay in french : part 4
4 The mechanics of the argument
4.1 Expressing facts / certainty
il s'agit de - this is
il y a / il existe - there is / there are
on peut constater / remarquer / observer / noter que - it can be observed that
on peut soutenir que - it is arguable that
il est certain / exact / sûr que - it is certain that
il est évident que - it is clear that
il ne fait aucun doute que - there is no doubt that
nul ne saurait douter que (+ subj) - nobody can doubt that
incontestablement / indubitablement - unquestionably
il est indéniable que - it cannot be denied that
il apparaît que - it appears that
tout semble indiquer que - everything seems to indicate that
cet incident met en évidence … - this incident demonstrates …
il faut reconnaître / admettre que - we must recongize / admit that
il va de soi que / cela va sans dire que - it goes without saying that
chacun peut constater que… – anyone can see that
il y a fort à penser que / il y a tout lieu de penser que - there is every reason for thinking that
force est de constater que– one cannot help stating that
Avoiding using être
Il s'agit là d'un progrès décisif par rapport aux méthodes traditionnelles -
This is a real advance on traditional methods
Le pays se trouve confronté à de grosses difficultés économiques -
The country is faced with major economic problems
Le déficit du budget s’élève à / atteint 10 milliards - The budget deficit is 10 billion
L'opinion publique reste divisée sur cette question - Public opinion is divided on this question
Les actions du gouvernement constituent une attaque contre les principes du syndicalisme - The government’s actions are an attack on the principles of
La compagnie figure au premier rang des exportateurs de… - The company is among the leading exporters of
Le déficit représente plus de 3% du PNB - The deficit is more than 3% of the GNP
Avoiding using avoir
Le ministre éprouve des difficultés à convaincre le public des bénéfices de cette politique - The minister is having difficulty convincing the public of the benefits of this policy
Le gouvernement dispose de plusieurs options pour résoudre le problème - the government has several options for solving the problem
Le musée recueille tous les meilleurs tableaux de l'artiste - The museum has all the artist’s best paintings
Le nouveau système présente plusieurs avantages - The new system has many advantages
4.2 Expressing probability / possibility / doubt
il est (bien) probable que - it is (very) probable that
il serait étonnant que (+ subjunctive) - it would be surprising if
il se pourrait (bien) / il est (bien) possible que - it is very possible that
il se peut que - it is possible that
il y a toutes les chances que / peu de chances que - it is highly likely / unlikely that
il est douteux que - it is unlikely that
il est encore trop tôt / prématuré pour savoir si - it is still too early to know whether
on ne dispose pas de suffisamment d'informations sur - we do not yet have enough information about
reste à savoir si - it remains to be seen if
il faut se poser la question de - one must ask oneself the question
on ne peut pas écarter la possibilté que - One cannot rule out the possibility that
4.3 Expressing contrast / concession
mais - but
en fait - in fact
cependant, toutefois - however
au contraire - on the contrary
à l'inverse / par contre - by contrast
néanmoins, quand même - nevertheless
pourtant - yet
(il) reste que - the fact remains that
pour autant - for all that
quoi qu'il en soit - be that as it may
La contrepartie des avantages considérables présentées par Internet est le risque de dérives inhérent à un outil par nature difficile à contrôler The downside to the considerable advantages offered by the Internet is the risk of La presse à sensation est très critiquée par le public, toujours est-il que leur tirage ne cesse d’augmenter Although the tabloid press is strongly criticized by the public, nevertheless their circulation keeps on increasing Beaucoup d'analystes se félicitent des bénéfices de l'euro en termes de stabilité monétaire. Ceci dit, le pari n'est pas gagné. Many analysts are pleased with the benefits that the euro is having with regard to monetary stability. That having been said, there is still some way to go Cette déclaration va à l'encontre de la politique du gouvernement sur l'Europe This declaration goes against the government’s policy on Europe Certes, on ne peut pas reprocher au ministre les politiques de son prédecesseur. Mais … Admittedly the minister cannot be blamed for the policies of his predecessor. But…
4.4 Expressing the importance of something
On pourrait aller même jusqu'à dire que.. It could even be said that…
Le plus frappant est que … The most striking thing is…
Ceci constitue le point crucial / le point de mire du débat …This constitutes the crucial point / the focal point of the debate
Il est utile de s'attarder sur… It is worth dwelling on…
Il faut insister sur le fait que / l'importance de…We must emphasize that / the importance that…
Jouer un rôle primordial / prépondérant dans…To play a major part in…
Il convient de souligner l'importance historique de l'immigration dans le développement économique de cette région It is important to stress the historic importance of immigration in the economic development of the region Il faut bien préciser / souligner que c'était le ministre lui-même qui a lancé l'enquête It should be emphasized that it was the minister him/herself who launched the enquiry De nos jours, l'opéra est vu comme élitiste, d’autant plus que les spectacles sont de plus en plus chers Nowadays the opera is considered to be elitist, all the more so considering that performances keep on getting more expensive Il n'est pas exagéré d'affirmer que le développement d'Internet aura des conséquences considérables sur la vie quotidienne. It is no exaggeration to say that the development of the Internet will have significant consequences on our everyday life. La situation dans la région est on ne peut plus grave The situation in the region couldn’t be any more serious
4.5 Clarifying / moderating a statement
En d'autres termes, / Bref , il a changé d'avis /In other words / In short he has changed his mind
Cela revient à dire que… / This boils down to saying that…
Sans vouloir critiquer cette façon de procéder, on peut constater que…Without wishing to criticize this course of action, it can be said that …
L'auteur a raison dans l'ensemble, mais… /The author is broadly speaking right, but…
Il serait injuste de reprocher à X… / It would be unfair to blame X for…
Il faut néanmoins nuancer cette affirmation en disant que…
This claim should nevertheless be qualified by saying…
Il est clair que les deux sociétés convergent vers le même objectif,à savoir
une reconnaissance sur le plan international / It is clear that the two companies are moving towards the same objective, namely international recognition
Il ne s'agit pas à proprement parler d'une récession /This is not strictly speaking a recession Malgré tous ces problèmes, le catastrophisme n'est pas de mise Despite all these problems, it is not all gloom-and-doom
4.7 Indicating the reason for something
parce que - because
à cause de - because of
grâce à- thanks to
puisque- since
être dû à- to be due to
avoir pour origine / trouver son origine dans- to be a result of
être la conséquence de- to be a consequence of
provenir de- to stem from
résulter de- to result from
cela expliquerait- that would explain
en effet - this is because
c'est pour cette raison / pour cela que - this is / that’s why
L'usage de la voiture en ville présente des risques importants; l'année dernière il a occasionné / causé 2 400 décès et plus de 100 000 blessés / The use of cars in towns creates significant risks; last year it caused 2 400 deaths and more than 100 000
L'hésitation des Français envers Internet s'explique par leur attitude habituelle à l'égard des nouvelles technologies /The coolness of the French towards the Internet can be explained by their usual attitude towards new technologies
La crise dans nos hôpitaux est la conséquence de/ suite directe d‘années de manque d'investissement / The crisis in our hospitals is a direct result of years of underfunding
Le PDG a cité comme raison profonde des mauvais résultats la chute du niveau des exportations / The MD cited the fall in the level of exports as the prinicpal reason for the poor results
On peut attribuer le succès de l'extrême droite aux dernières élections à une désillusion générale face à la politique /The success of the far right at the last election can be put down to a general disillusionment with politics
Si les électeurs ont rejeté le gouvernement, c'est qu‘ils n'ont plus confiance dans son intégrité politique / If the voters have rejected the government, it’s because they no longer have any confidence in their political integrity
L'émission retrace les événements qui sont à l'origine de la crise au Moyen Orient / The programme traces the events that lie at the root of the Middle East crisis
Les problèmes qui ont résulté du krach boursier se font toujours sentir The problems that resulted from the stock exchange crash can still be felt
Les mauvais résultats de la compagnie tiennent à une baisse du cours du dollar / The company’s poor results were due to a fall in the rate of the dollar
4.8 Indicating the consequences of something
par conséquent / en conséquence / par voie de conséquence - as a result
dans ces conditions - in these conditions
pour cette raison - for this reason
avoir pour conséquence / résultat de - to have the effect of
dès lors, de ce fait - so, consequently
il en résulte / découle (fatalement) que - the (inevitable result) of this is
il s'ensuit que - it follows that
face à cette situation - given this state of affairs
Les conséquences de cette politique mal conçue se font toujours sentir /The consequences of this ill-conceived policy can still be felt today
A la suite des attaques récentes on a pris des mesures plus rigoureuses en matière de sécurité / As a result of the recent attacks more rigorous security measures have been taken
Il y a plusieurs facteurs qui touchent l'industrie aérospatiale en ce moment There are several factors affecting the aerospace industry at the moment
La réduction du temps de travail aura certainement une incidence sur les coûts de production / The reductions in the working week will certainly have an effect on production costs
L'accroissement des dépenses en matière de santé répond à une inquiétude croissante parmi le public à propos de l'état de nos hôpitaux / The increase in health spending is a response to growing worries among the public about the state of our hospitals
Ce nouveau plan de redressement ne peut que déboucher sur des augmentations de tarifs / This new recovery plan can only lead to price increases
Ces mesures devraient permettre / favoriser la création de nouveaux emplois dans le secteur / These measures should ensure / encourage the creation of new jobs in the sector
Source : Manchester Metropolitan University
some pretty things in french ✨
un arc en ciel - a rainbow
des paillettes - glitter
un papillon - a butterfly
des nuages - clouds
une fleur - a flower
une guirlande de pâquerettes - a daisy chain
la soie - silk
une perle - a pearl
un petit gâteau - a cupcake
une abeille - a bee
un coquillage - a seashell
un bracelet à breloques- a charm bracelet
un collier - a necklace
une bicyclette - a bicycle
les étoiles - stars
l’océan - ocean
la lune - moon
le lever du soleil - sunrise
le coucher du soleil - sunset
le crépuscule - twilight
une robe - dress
une licorn - a unicorn
Idioms the French don't agree on.
Some will tell you they aren’t correct, some will tell you they’re okay… The truth is that the French language is evoluating and some changes are operating. The “purists” have hard time dealing with that, while other people have absolutely no issue with anglicisms, or basic changes.
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“Ceci dit” instead of “Cela dit” = That being said.
Some don’t consider “Ceci dit” correct because originally, “ceci” refers to what is about to be told while “cela” refers to what had been told already, hence “ceci dit” doesn’t make any sense. The mistake’s root leans in the “punchy” repeated sound “i”, more pleasant to the ear. The mistake starting to be mainstream, it yet remained and now, is also considered correct.
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“Malgré que” instead of “Bien que” = Even though, despite
The mistake happened because of two reasons : 1 - “Malgré que + avoir” is a very formal structure. However, it can’t be used with any other verbs than “avoir” and the meaning is completely different from “bien que”.
“Sa personnalité, malgré qu’il en ait, transparaît dans son œuvre.” Meaning : “His personality, bad thing he has, shows in his writings/work.
2 - “Malgré” (alone) and “Bien que” having the same meaning, people reproduced the same structure for both > “x + que + subjonctif”. Though, their “correct” structure is totally different.
Malgré le mauvais temps, nous sommes quand même allés à la montagne. Bien qu'il ait fait mauvais temps, nous sommes quand même allés à la montagne. Even though the weather was bad, we still went to the mountains.
However, the confusion happened long ago and it’s generally admitted that the mistake is “okay” since lots of great authors used it in their own work (Apollinaire, Proust…). It’s considered as an evolution of informal speech, just the way “t'es” is the informal form for “tu es”.
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“Autant pour moi ” instead of “Au temps pour moi” = My fault! (Lit. “Same (amount) for me” vs “A time for me”)
Supposedly, this idiom is originally military speech. It comes from soldiers missing the tempo while practicing a military march and hence, forcing the whole group to rehearse again. The idiom meaning there “My fault that we’re doing it again.” Another theory is that “autant pour moi” would mean something along the lines of “I’m not better than anybody else, I have the same “amount” of mistakes than anybody else, hence > Same for me”. This theory is encouraged by the idiom “autant pour le brodeur” (“same for the embroiderer” - old French - Not used anymore) which has been found in a 1640 dictionary, and which has been described as a mockery for people who don’t want to admit something. It’s up to you to choose which one you’d rather use. I personally use “au temps pour moi” because I’m more convinced by the Military theory.
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“Réaliser” instead of “Se rendre compte” = To realize, to understand. Anglicism. More and more people use “réaliser” as in “J'ai réalisé que j'étais en retard” (I realized I was late), mimicking the English structure. In “original” French, réaliser means to do, to create.
“J'ai réalisé un gateau au chocolat” “I made a chocolate cake.” “Je réalise une étude sur les taux d'avortement dans le monde.” I’m making a study on worldwide abortion rates.“
Anglicisms are sometimes frowned upon, especially in Québec where the institutions try to preserve French from the English influence, made very easily because of geographical reasons. In France, we’re slightly more “open-minded” about anglicisms. Indeed, if English provides a new word that has no equivalent in French, we’d rather use the original English word than create a new one, unlike Québec. For example, French only “spam” for spams, while some people in Québec (if not all, I don’t know), use “pourriel”, a mix of “poubelle” (garbage) and “courriel” (e-mail, even though we also use “e-mail”, “email”).
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“La même” instead of “Pareil” (Slang) = Same/Me too, as in: “J'ai froid !” “Pareil.” / “I’m cold!” “Me too.”
“La même” is a shortened version of “La même chose” (“the same thing”). This slang idiom sometimes irritates people, because our “consecrated” slang word for that is “pareil”. The detractors say that “la même” doesn’t mean anything at all in this context, and often show their disapprouval by adding “La même quoi ?” (The same what?“), pointing that the "thing” they’re refering to is nonexistent. My personal feelings are quite mixed about this idiom. On one hand, I don’t like it either because the fact it refers to a “silent” object annoys me since we use “pareil” mostly to refer to a state or a condition; and also because it’s a feminine form and my “ear” doesn’t like when it can’t identify what it’s agreeing with. On the other hand, I cannot deny the fact that “pareil” and “la même chose” strictly mean the same. Languages evoluate, and maybe it’s an evolution of slang. Also, “pareil” and “la même” are slang, sheer slang. And exactly because it’s slang and not formal speech, people are free to do whatever they want. If we now start applying rules to slang, I honestly feel we’re like… doomed or some shit like that x)
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“Chocolatine” instead of “Pain au chocolat” to refer to a pastry made of bread and two slices of chocolate.
More than a fight between purists and open-minded grammarians, it’s a fight between Northern and Southern France. Indeed, this pastry is traditionally called “chocolatine”’ in Southern France and this part of France is mocked about it. The other part of France say that “chocolatine” doesn’t make any sense since “Pain au chocolat” (Lit. bread with chocolate) is… bread with Chocolate.
Being born in Toulouse (third region in the blue part), I can say that the French calling it “Pain au chocolat” have absolutely no imagination neither creativity since “Chocolatine” is like the sweetest word to hear, a word full of poetry and childhood memories. And they can go fuck themselves.
Mes livres avaient toujours été mon réconfort et mes plus chers amis.
Julie Kibler, “Les couleurs de l’espoir” (via nirmaeth)
“My books have always been my comfort and my most dear friends.”
(via frenchpoetry)
S'aimer un peu plus, c'est détester un peu moins les autres.
(via une-lueur-dans-la-nuit)
Marc Chagall
“Paris through the Window”
Paris at Night
Around local midnight time on April 8, 2015, astronauts aboard the International Space Station took this photograph of Paris.
Tout peut changer dans la vie, c'est une devinette sans réponse.
Une amie. ( @la-vie-est-faite-pour-vivre )
Everything can change in life, it’s a riddle without an answer
Don’t take life seriously, you won’t get out alive anyway. — Bernard Le Bouyer de Fontenelle, French author
Strasbourg, France (by Yonca Evren)
Ils s’aiment. D’un amour dans le sang. D’une ivresse permanente. Dans l’instant et l’éternité. Et en même temps la peur est partout. La peur du manque. La peur de se retrouver sans oxygène. C’est l’évidence et la confusion. C’est à la fois la foudre et l’anéantissement. Le plus beau des printemps, l’orage le plus violent. Et pourtant, ils s’aiment.
Guillaume Musso (via soul-and-blues)
“They love eachother. A love in the blood. A permanent intoxication. In an instant and an eternity. And at the same time the fear is everywhere. The fear of missing one another. The fear of finding themselves without oxygen. This is the obvious and the confusing. It’s at the same time the lightning and the frustration. The most beautiful of springs, the most violent storm. However, they love eachother.”
(via frenchpoetry)
Éradiquer le symptôme n'est pas vaincre la maladie.
Antoine Mouton,
Le metteur en scène polonais
(via
artdelivre
)
“Eradicating the symptom is not overcoming the illness.”
(via frenchpoetry)
The Painstaking Process of Bringing The Little Prince to Life
casual french phrases 🐶
♡ Ça roule? -Comme d’hab!
means “everything’s great and life’s going well.” In the form of a question, it simply means “How’s life? Good?” Otherwise, the more standard question used to express this same idea is Ça va? “Comme d’hab” can be used in place of “comme d’habitude” (as usual) in any informal setting.
♡ N’importe quoi!
means “whatever,” and is commonly used in French when someone is exasperated and wishes to openly display their disagreement in a simple, informal way. It can also mean “anything” like in this example: J’aurais donné tout et n’importe quoi ! (I would have given anything and everything!)
♡ C’est n’importe quoi!
This phrase means “That’s nonsense!”
♡ Laisse tomber…
means “just forget it,” or “never mind that.” It literally means “drop it,” but doesn’t have quite the same snappy tone behind it as “just drop it!” does in English.
♡ Ça te dit?/Ça vous dit?
“You up for it?,” this casual French expression is great for suggesting outings with friends or restaurant choices. It can also mean “Sound good?”
♡ Tiens-moi au courant!
“Keep me up to date!” This is the perfect French phrase to use as you’re waiting to see how things play out in a friend’s life.
♡ Allez savoir pourquoi !/Va savoir pourquoi !
“for whatever reason”/”God knows why”/ “your guess is as good as mine!” This is a useful phrase that perfectly expresses one’s befuddled state of mind.
♡ Bref.
“in brief”. Other synonyms would be “all in all” or “in short.”
♡ T’sais?
means “Ya know?” and is oftentimes tacked onto the end of a sentence to emphasize whatever the speaker is saying.
♡ Ouais, enfin…
“Yeah, well…” For example: Ouais, enfin…faut vivre avec! (Yeah, well…gotta live with it!)
♡ Allez !
“Oh C’mon!” This interjection is the best way to communicate impatience with someone. It also means “Let’s go!” (Note that it is common to hear this word in the bleachers of a sports event: C’mon! Let’s go! Allez, allez !)
♡ C’est naze/c’est nul/c’est pourri !
means “that sucks!” or “that’s stupid!” or “that’s terrible!” The general implication is that whatever is being discussed is either a total bore or totally ridiculous.
♡ J’ai le cafard…
means “I’m feeling a little down” or “I’m feeling blue,” this is an informal way of expressing your sadness. It literally means, “I have the cockroach,” but to use the verb phrase avoir le cafard simply means to be depressed or to feel do
♡ Ça te changera les idées…
“It’ll take your mind off things…” Use this French phrase when consoling a friend who’s down.
♡ Revenons à nos moutons !
used after the conversation has strayed from the original topic, and literally means “let’s get back to our sheep!” It actually means “Let’s get back to the point!”
♡ Je n’en crois pas mes yeux !
“I can’t believe my eyes!” This is a perfect informal French phrase to let loose when you’re pleasantly surprised or dumbfounded by something you are witnessing.
♡ Tu t’en sors ?
used while observing a friend who appears to be having difficulty doing something. It’s the equivalent of asking “Doing okay there? You managing there?”
♡ J’en mettrais ma main au feu !
“I’d bet my life on it!”, literally means “I’d put my hand in the fire!” It simply means that you are certain of something, and is usually used as a statement to try and convince others that you are right about something.
♡ Il ne faut pas mettre tout dans le même sac !
“You can’t just group it all into the same category!” This is your go-to casual French expression for when one of your friends is generalizing, and it literally means, “you can’t put everything in the same bag!”
♡ Tu fais quoi ?
The phrase “What’s up?” would be the best way to portray the laid-back style of this French phrase. It is highly informal, and not recommended that you use it with anyone other than family or close friends.
Kütüphane, Aix en Provence, Fransa