This is really whatâs interesting to me about the framework because its right in my wheelhouse as a sociology student. I do hate the framework storyline but putting that aside I do like how its thinking about nature vs. nurture.
We know the answer to this question because we know that human behaviour is completely socialised. Locke was 100% right about this. Descartes and Jemma are wrong.
Hereâs how we know this: feral children.
You know the jungle book? That was based on an actual real story about two sister who were found living with Wolves in a forest somewhere. They were called Amala and Kamala. They couldnât talk. They couldnât learn to talk either because they were about 10 and 12 by the time they were found. They behaved like Wolves because they were socialised by Wolves. They even had physical characteristics like Wolves. Their eyes shown yellow in the dark like a dogâs does, they had sharp jaws and sharper teeth than normal kids. They also both died very young for no apparent reason. They just lived as long as canines do.
Although very rare, there are a handful of cases like this. I remember reading another one about a girl who had been raised completely in isolation because her mother was very mentally unwell. She had basically just kept her in a room since she was born. Iâve forgotten this girlâs name, but anyway, something really remarkable was observed in her - she didnât know how to chew her food. She had just never seen anyone else eat, so she had never learned to chew. That blew my mind when I read that. You would think weâd just know that right? We donât. We learn it. She also had quite a number of other things she would do - like smear her âhuman wasteâ all over herself, and she had no concept of personal space, and she would masterbate with everything and in front of people. Again, I donât think she could talk. She was discovered too late, in her tweens I think. If these kids are found young enough then they can grow up fairly normally but after a certain age its too late.
These are the two cases I can best recall without looking it up but you should have a read cause its so interesting. This is what we would all be like without socialisation.
Plus, you only have to look at different cultures to see how much of what we are is because of what we learn from around us.
That said, there is some evidence of innate nature in case studies of identical twins who were raised apart. Its remarkable how often they turn out to be almost replicas of each other. They make the same choices, often have the same occupations, like the same things. Marry people with the same name etc. Its another one to look up. I remember seeing something about two firefighter brothers in the US who had a crazy story like this.
Also, there is obviously some kind of temperaments we just have through nature. Just to use a personal example, my sister and I were raised by a single mother, however my sister is so like my father in the way she acts sometimes. She couldnât have learned that, really, because he wasnât around. It has to have been innate to some extent.
As a sociology student, I really tend to favour the nurture explanation and frankly the evidence there is far more compelling and if I had to put a number on it iâd say people are 90% nurture and 10% nature.
But I do not except that as an excuse to say weâre not responsible. Socialisation is ubiquitous, it comes from everywhere and its lifelong. We might be dealt a crappy hand during our primary socialisation (family) like Ward was or possibly framework Fitz was but thatâs no excuse. Millions of people go through much worse and donât turn into sociopaths. We still make choices. If having a shit upbring made you into a killer than that would have to be universally true, but just look at Wardâs brother Thomas - he was no bad guy.
Just to complicate this even further, I believe there is some recent neurological findings that really call into question the extent to which anyone can be said to be responsible for their behaviour. Iâm too dumb to understand this (and iâm cynical about it) but basically scientists have somehow mapped that your brain sends a signal for you to do something before youâve decided to do it - or before you send a signal to it. There is a Tedtalks about it. Now if I understood it right, that really would mean that none of us can be legitimately said to be making our own choices - which carries huge implications for responsibility. Iâve simplified it right down, and like I said, iâm too dumb to get it but the Tedtalks explains it well. Sorry, to say iâve also forgotten the name of that.