Do you have a definitive list of verbs that use the indirect object in place of the subject (verbs like gustar, e.g.)? Thanks in advance
It's not a definitive list - and I will also say that there are sometimes when the verbs could go either way but I'll include the ones I know that usually take indirect objects
I also did want to quickly correct something in your explanation - it's not that the indirect object takes the place of the subject; it's that the subject is the object of the sentence, which affects someone else - thus it's an indirect object
In other words; me gusta la película is translated as "I like the movie" but the literal translation is "the movie pleases me"... the subject is actually la película, but the yo is the one who is the object, so it's me
Please again keep in mind that this list is specifically in reference to indirect objects:
gustar = to like
encantar = to really like
doler = to hurt [body parts or your soul etc; your own personal body usually - hurting someone else is lastimar and it uses direct objects]
molestar = to annoy
importar = to be important to, to matter
preocupar = to worry
fascinar = to be intrigued by / to be obsessed with / "to really like"
quedar = to remain / to be left
quedar = to fit [as in no me queda bien "it doesn't fit well" when talking about clothing, or "it doesn't suit me"... the verb caber is "to fit" as in physical spaces, related to "capacity"]
costar = to be difficult
faltar = to not have enough, to be lacking
hacer falta = to not have enough, to be lacking
sobrar = to have too much, to have left over
bastar = to be enough, to have enough
convenir = to be in someone's interest, to be convenient, to suit someone, "to feel like" [as in si me conviene "if I feel like it" or "if it suits me"]
caer bien = to get along with, to have a good feeling about
caer mal = to not get along with, to have a bad feeling about
interesar = to be interested in/by
divertir = to amuse
dar miedo = to be scary, to scare
dar asco = to disgust, to gross someone out
dar vergüenza = to be ashamed [the other verb is avergonzar "to shame"]
dar rabia = to anger, to piss off
enojar = to anger
enfadar / enfurecer = to anger (someone)
entristecer = to sadden (someone)
hacer feliz = to be happy / to be glad
alegrar = to delight (someone), to make someone happy
inspirar = to inspire
impactar = to impact, to have an impact
impresionar = to impress
inquietar = to make uneasy, to worry
asustar = to scare, to make someone jump
dar un susto = to give someone a fright
apetecer = to appeal to, to feel like
decepcionar = to disappoint
hacer reír = to make someone laugh
ofender = to offend
sugerir = to suggest (to)
recomendar = to recommend (to)
jurar = to swear (to)
prometer = to promise (to)
mentir = to lie (to)
sorprender = to surprise / to come as a shock
recordar = to remind
sonar = "to ring a bell"
parecer = to seem
aburrir = to bore
fastidiar = to annoy, to get in the way
picar = to itch [usually body parts; can also be "to burn" in the sense of a rash or a bug bite]
incordiar = to annoy, to bother
halagar = to flatter
entusiasmar = to be very interested in, to be enthused by
tocar(le) = to be someone's turn [specifically only if tocar uses indirect objects that's what it means]
cabrear = to piss off [somewhat vulgar in translation]
joder = to fuck with, to annoy [vulgar]
echar de menos = to miss (someone) [Spain]
extrañar = to miss (someone) [Latin America]
Again, this is in reference to indirect objects only. There are times when verbs can take direct objects and/or indirect objects, or sometimes even reflexives
For an example; and probably the easiest one to understand the difference between direct objects and indirect objects - jurar or prometer
jurar algo = to swear something [like an oath]
jurarle a alguien = to swear to someone
You can also see indirect and direct objects together - te lo juro "I swear (it) to you", or te lo prometo "I promise it to you"
These also apply to verbs of speech; decir "to say", mencionar "to mention", sugerir "to suggest", recomendar "to recommend", gritar "to scream", susurrar "to whisper" etc.
It can be "what you say" vs. "who you say it to"
And in that same vein there are verbs of "giving" I guess? - dar "to give" you can give a thing, or "give to" someone; dar "to give", lanzar "to throw", tirar "to throw", mandar "to send", enviar "to send", regalar "to give as a gift / to gift" ... things like that
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Others:
picar is sometimes the verb for "to cut (into smaller pieces)" but it's also the verb for insects to "bite" or "sting" - like bees and ants. Thus in an indirect object, it's "to itch" as if a bug had bitten or stung you
Or, encantar is literally "to enchant" so it can be "to cast a spell" or "enchant an object" in fantasy; but encantarle is "to really like" - it's kind of like "to be bewitched by" but similar to how fascinar is "to take great interest in" aka "I really like it"
Then there's sonar which is normally "to make a sound" or when electronics "ring"... but with indirect objects something like no me suena "I don't remember" or "it doesn't ring a bell"; and parecer "to look like" or parecerse "to resemble", then becomes parecerle "to seem like" as in no le parece bien "it doesn't seem like a good idea (to him/her)"
The other big one is extrañar which in some situations can be "to find strange"; no me extraña "it doesn't surprise me" or "I'm not surprised"... but it is also the verb for "to miss someone" in Latin America. The root word here is "estrange", so it can be "to be distant from" or "to find odd"
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Another is valer where normally valer is "to be worth", but valer(le) can be "to care about" or "to be worth", in some situations it can be "to suit someone" or "to be fine (for someone)"
...... then you have some more vulgar idiomatic expressions [as in me vale mierda "it's useless as shit (to me)", or just "it's not worth shit", or me vale verga is "it's worth dick to me" simply can be translated like "I don't give a fuck"]
...but then valerse (de) can often be "to take advantage of" - literally "to avail oneself of"
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Ones to be the most aware of are the ones that can change meaning:
costar = to cost
costarle = to be difficult
cuesta mucho "it costs a lot"... and then me cuesta "it is hard for me"
tocar = to touch / to play (an instrument)
tocar a alguien = to touch someone
tocarle (a alguien) = to be someone's turn
If you see something like me toca hablar it can be "it's my turn to speak" or "it's up to me to speak"; generally any time it doesn't seem like "touch
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Most verbs with emotion have an indirect object and a reflexive form; one where you can elicit the emotion in someone else, or have it come from you [reflexive - where subject and object are the same; so it's you doing it to yourself, or you feeling it yourself]
entristecer = to sadden (someone)
entristecerse / ponerse triste = to get sad, to be saddened
enojar = to anger (someone)
enojarse / ponerse enojado/a = to get angry, to be angered
preocupar = to worry (someone)
preocuparse (de) = to worry about
There are also some verbs that people debate whether they should be direct or indirect objects, and some regional variation - it's not usually a problem, but just something to keep in mind that there is a bit of leeway with some verbs
As in engañar "to deceive"; you can see it as engañar(le) "to deceive someone" or in passing you can see lo engañó or la engañó which can be "he/she cheated on them" or "he/she deceived them"
There's some debate over whether direct objects or indirect objects are better, depending on "agency" [the ability to act] of the object... the argument can also be related to personhood. In other words, a person had no agency in being tricked or cheated on so it could be direct object; but it is a person not a thing, so out of politeness you might use indirect object
It's a linguistic debate sometimes......... though I will say the majority of the verbs on that list need the indirect object rather than direct objects
"Ireland invites you" poster from 1953 created for Fógra Fáilte who did publicity for Bord Fáilte Éireann (Irish tourist board). Made by Dutch artist Guus Melai.
It shows a man from the Aran Islands weaving a crios which is a traditional Irish belt that makes up part of the folk dress of the Aran Islands. This is one way a crios can be woven using a circular warp with the tension kept with a stick held by the feet. It is likely this image is missing the sting heddles that would be used in weaving. Most commonly images show criosanna being woven tied to the foot or a stool without a circular warp so this picture is very interesting!
Poster is currently in storage at the National Museum of Ireland.
learning another language is always beautiful, no matter how long it takes. like, what do you mean you are crying because you had to read a sentence twice to get it, when at the beginning you had to do it five times? kicking yourself because you had to listen to an audio at .75x to understand it fully, when two months ago you could barely understand one or two words, even at your second try? getting mad because you had to research how to spell a word, when a few days back you didn't even know how to pronounce it? hell, that's amazing. keep going. you'll get there.
Ba mhaith liom a bheith ag postáil níos mó anseo, mar tá na daoine anseo i (d?)Tumblr an chuma orthu go raibh siad deas agus cabhrach. Ceapaim go bhfuil feabhsóidh sé mo chuid Gaeilge. Is cailín Éireannach mé agus is aoibhinn liom mo tír agus mo chultúr. Táim ag iarraidh an teanga seo a fhoghlaim in aon bealach is féidir. (cgl, b'fhéidir nach aon bealach is féidir ach táim ag triail) Níl a fhios agam, táim ag yapáil [focal nua ann (;] Aon foinsí maith amuigh? Inis dom más é bhur dtoil é :)
Agus sruthaígí éasca le imlé agus róisín seoighe <3
Me voy a las Canarias en dos dias pero he olvidado TODO el español que había conocido antes. ughhhh. ¿Alguién sabe cómo reaprender todo en español en dos dias? Sería muy apreciado!
Tá mo Ghaeilge an-bhriste ach táim ag streachailt fheabhsú é. Triailim gach acmhainn gur is féidir liom a fáil ar líne ach níl rudaí ag cliceáil liomsa. Tá a fhios agam go bhfuil mo ghramadach bhriste agus mo chomhréir mícheart ach níl a fhios agam conas a dheisiú iad. Mothaíonn sé amhail is an bealach go labhraím Gaeilge mar róbat nó IS. Mion-bladhmann. B'éigean dom ligean mo fhrustrachas asam. Ar aon nós, oíche mhaith a dhaoine <3
language resources on the internet i love you. i cannot believe i can just start learning a language like that. i can lookup any word in seconds. i can find grammar explanations. there are teachers who put out whole videos for me to learn. amazing. i am so lucky.
Níl Gaza ar díol agus ní bheidh Gaza ná an Phalaistín ag na Stáit Aontaithe go deo.
Aréir, bhí mé ag agóid i DC toisc go raibh Netanyahu sa Teach Bán. Aréir freisin, dúirt Trump go nglacfadh na Stáit Aontaithe seilbh ar Gaza. Ach ní stopfaidh muid ag troid ar son Gaza, agus beidh Gaza saor. Saoirse don Phalaistín 🇵🇸
Not my usual post but I felt I needed to put this out there + it does relate to how Irish institutions refuse to promote our culture.
I don't know if anyone reading this was watching Eurosong tonight. It's the selection of Ireland's Eurovision entry. During it, after a folk and traditional inspired song, the panel basically lambasted it. The consensus was that because Ireland did poorly at Eurovision 2007 (18 years ago btw) with a culturally Irish song that Europe does not like Ireland or its culture and that we shouldn't send a culturally Irish song to Eurovision because we need to modernise (what they actually mean is pander) to their idea of modern European standards. These comments made me quite furious and devastated (clearly evident by the fact I'm posting this). RTE has always come across to me not actually caring about our language or culture when it comes to promoting it to a younger audience. They don't seem to realise that branding Gaeilge and its culture as "an old persons thing" is going to cause detrimental damage to our already endangered heritage, since young people should be the ones you focus on, they're the ones who would be able to bring it down to future generations. Now, back to Eurosong, the way those comments were delivered gave me a sense that we shouldn't even bother sending something remotely Irish to Eurovision. Our culture is clearly embarrassing and something we should be ashamed of because of one bad result 18 years ago and as a result we should hide our heritage and erase it, there can and will not be anything identifyably Irish. It goes without saying that this is a disgusting approach to a dying culture. We hate to admit it, but Gaeilge is dying and we can't even blame the Brits anymore for this. It is the Irish institutions, our government, our broadcaster, everything around us is doing nothing to preserve our heritage. Oh but don't worry guys because that road sign's in Irish so its fine. And don't worry RTE love trad just look at Samantha Mumba doing a lil jig (all that was /sarc btw). It really struck home especially when; 1. the identifiably Irish song finished last in the televote and 2. The Norwegian song that has nothing to do with Ireland (the artist only came to Ireland for the first time last week) won the whole thing and will represent us in Basel. Now, I'll clarify some things. I have all but respect for Emmy herself. She seems absolutely lovely and I will fully support her as our nation's representative. I also generally don't have an issue with artists from other countries representing their non-native lands (see: Celine Dion). My issue stems from the fact that this song was so clearly (at least in my opinion) originally written with the Norwegian national selection in mind. Norway must've rejected it and Emmy's team just went "hey ireland has their selection still open for applicants let's fob it onto them" (that happens much more than you think it does at Eurovision) That's just my theory. So, what RTE have decided to do is mock and put down anything that remotely feels too-Irish in favour of one of Norway's scraps. They would rather pretend to be Norway than appear too-Irish. Cultural folk inspired entries do well at Eurovision, Kalush Orchestra won the whole thing nearly 3 years ago with a folk-hip hop fusion, it got the highest televote ever seen in eurovision (and no, that was not all war pity votes, people do actually like this stuff).
RTE and other Irish institutions are curating this idea that Irish culture and language is something to be ashamed of, something thats cringe or something thats a novelty. It is particular BS in the context of Eurosong and the whole "we can't do good with something cultural" as Ireland's biggest music acts at the moment are those who embrace their heritage within their music (e.g. Hozier, Kneecap, Fontaines DC) and if Irish culture does end up making a comeback, it'll be because of these guys, not our institutions. We've been a (mostly) independent nation for over 100 years, yet Irish still declines. We can't blame the Brits anymore for this lads. In however many years time when Irish culture is nothing more than a distant memory, we'll look back and know exactly who to blame
Apologies if this is all completely incoherent, it's 1am, i'm on a sleeping tablet but autism brain is going. anyways, oíche mhaith a chairde <3
LangTip: Directional and Positional adverbs (in Irish) (PART 1)
In Irish, we have many a different way of communicating direction and position through adverbs. There are four "classes" of these adverbs, which I'll just give some made-up names: allative, locative, comparative and ablative. Some other people who know this language probably have different names for them, but that's what I'll be sticking with.
This post focuses on the first of these; the allative adverbs - that is, adverbs which indicate direction toward a position. I'll be going how they're used, and how to use them.
As stated above, these allative adverbs are used when specifying that someone/something is moving toward a position or destination. For example:
Beidh Uinseann ag goil soir.
[be.FUT-3SG Vincent PROG go.VN east.ALL]
"Vincent will be going (to the) east."
The adverbs don't only cover compass direction; they cover more. Here are some other examples:
This sample covers altitude.
Ligeas mo bhuidéal uaim agus thit sé síos an fána.
[let.PST-1SG 1SG.POS MUT-bottle from-1SG & fall-PST 3SG.M down.ALL DEF slope]
"I dropped my bottle and it fell down the slope."
This one covers being inside/outside.
Chualamar duine ag teacht isteach tríd an fhuinneoig.
[hear.PST-1PL person PROG come.VN in-ALL through DEF MUT-window.DAT]
"We heard a person come inside through the window."
And lo, since lists of thematically-related words are some of my favourite things to look at, here's all of the allative adverbs:
suas - "upward"
síos - "downward"
soir - "eastbound"
siar - "westbound"
ó thuaidh - "northbound"
ó theas - "southbound"
soir ó thuaidh - "northeast-bound"
soir ó theas - "southeast-bound"
siar ó thuaidh - "northwest-bound"
siar ó theas - "southwest-bound"
sall - "across" or "over to the other side"
isteach - "inward"
amach - "outward"
That's it for allative directions. If I see that people like this, I'll follow up on it with posts regarding the other kinds of directional and positional adverbs.
Go maire sibh an lá, a chairde.
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