Record Group 306: Records of the U.S. Information AgencySeries: Photographic File of the Paris Bureau of the New York Times
Original Caption: Toledo, Ohio – An aerial view of the Inverness Club course in Toledo, Ohio, where the competition for the title relinquished by Bobby Jones will begin on July 2nd. June 12, 1931.
Rear Admiral Joel T. Boone, on inspection trip of Southern Illinois and Indiana mines, watches loading of coal into shuttle cars by conveyor belt. Consolidated Coal Company, Lake Creek Mine, Johnson City, Williamson County, Illinois.
Record Group 245: Records of the Solid Fuels Administration for WarSeries: Photographs of the Medical Survey of the Bituminous Coal Industry
Several men in coveralls and hardhats observe mining equipment at work.
Patent Drawing for T. A. Edison's Incandescent Electric Lamp
Record Group 241: Records of the Patent and Trademark OfficeSeries: Utility Patent Drawings
Div. XVI, 176 Electric Lighting.
Lights, Incandescent.
(No Model.)
T. A. Edison.
Incandescent Electric Lamp.
No. 242,897 Patented June 14, 1881
[two illustrations of the incandescent light bulb]
[242],987 Incandescent Electric Lamp. Thos. A. Edison, Menlo Park, N. J. Filed Dec. 15, 1880 (No model.)
Claim - 1. The combination, with the incandescing conductor of an electric lamp and the key for controlling the circuit thereof, of an adjustable resistance located within the base of the lamp and cut in or out of the circuit in any desired proportion by the key, so that the lamp may be used at any desired power less than its normal capacity, substantially as set forth.
2. A carbon resistance made substantially as described, and provided with a series of metallic contacts, in combination with a key having an arm for completing circuit at any desired contact, substantially as set forth.
Detail Shots Taken in the Rotunda of the National Archives Building in Washington, D.C.
Record Group 64: Records of the National Archives and Records AdministrationSeries: Photographs of Events, Officials, Facilities, and OperationsFile Unit: Rotunda Details
Original Caption: Detail shots taken in the Rotunda of the National Archives building in Washington. DC. on June 10. 2016. The photograph shows a sculpture of an eagle.
Letter, R. W. Leonard to Adjutant General offering to raise regiment of volunteers to fight the Sioux Indians.
Record Group 94: Records of the Adjutant General's OfficeSeries: Letters Received
3868 AGO 1876
Mt Kisco N.Y.
July 10.76.
File with 3830 AGO 1878
R.W. Leonard
late Major + Bt Lt. Col. Vols
Offers a regiment of volunteers for service against the Indians
File
A.G.O. EDL
July 14/76 A.G.
Recd. A.G.O. July 12.76.
July 10th 1876
Mt Kisco West Chester N.Y.
Sir
If the government should desire to employ any volunteers in this Indian War I should be glad to raise a regiment of infantry (or cavalry) to be enlisted for the war unless sooner discharged
In the present state of public feeling and depression in labor I could raise a regiment of excellent material in ten days and officered by young gentlemen who can pass an examination in Uptown tactics- In thirty days after organization I could have the regiment very well drilled and in a condition to make a creditable appearance in the field.
I suppose it would be cheaper to enlist the necessary men in the west but I think the cost of transportation
First Lady Michelle Obama with President Nelson Mandela of South Africa
Collection BHO-WHPO: Records of the White House Photo Office (Obama Administration)Series: Presidential Photographs
First Lady Michelle Obama meets with former President Nelson Mandela of South Africa at Mandela's home in Houghton, South Africa, June 21, 2011. They are looking at a book together on comfortable chairs before some large, bright windows.
President Nixon, Speaker of the House Carl Albert, Chief Justice Warren Burger, and David Mahoney, Chairman of the Bicentennial Commission at the National Archives
Collection RN-WHPO: White House Photo Office Collection (Nixon Administration)Series: Nixon White House Photographs
The four men stand in front of the display of the Declaration of Independence and Constitution.
France’s Fire: The Revolution That Changed the World
The French Revolution (1789–1799) shattered France’s monarchy, birthed a republic, and ignited a global shift toward modern democracy. Led by ordinary citizens and Enlightenment thinkers, it replaced feudal privilege with the rallying cry of Liberté, égalité, fraternité. Though it ended in Napoleon’s dictatorship, its ideals reshaped politics, human rights, and nationhood forever.
What Sparked the Revolution?
France was drowning in financial crisis and social inequality under King Louis XVI. The Ancien Régime locked power in the hands of clergy and nobility while commoners suffered. When the Estates-General of 1789 failed to fix things, the Third Estate broke away, forming the National Assembly and swearing to write a new constitution [9][4].
Key turning points included:
Storming of the Bastille (July 14, 1789): Lower-class sans-culottes attacked the prison symbolizing royal tyranny, marking the Revolution’s violent start [3].
Women’s March on Versailles (October 5, 1789): Parisian women marched demanding food and reforms, forcing Louis XVI to return to Paris and stripping him of power [2].
The Reign of Terror
Hope turned to horror during the Reign of Terror (1793–1794). The Committee of Public Safety, led by Maximilien Robespierre, executed 16,594 people legally and killed an estimated 30,000–50,000 total through prisons and massacres [6][7][8]. Former revolutionaries, including Robespierre himself, were guillotined in a frenzy of paranoia.
Napoleon’s Rise and the Revolution’s End
After the Terror, the Revolution stalled until Napoleon Bonaparte seized power in the Coup of 18 Brumaire (1799), ending the Republic and launching the First French Empire [4][5]. Though autocracy returned, the Revolution’s legacy was unstoppable.
Death toll: ~45,000 during the Reign of Terror [6]
Key figure: Robespierre, leader of the Terror [1]
Women’s role: Led the March on Versailles and created political clubs [2][10]
End: Napoleon’s coup in 1799 [4]
Historical Context
The Revolution erupted from economic collapse, war debts, and the Enlightenment’s challenge to absolute monarchy. France’s rigid class system left 98% of people (the Third Estate) with no political power [5][9].
Historical Significance
It toppled absolute monarchy, established the concept of the nation-state, and spread democratic ideals worldwide. Though Napoleon ended the Republic, the Revolution inspired future revolutions and defined modern human rights [1][5].
A year after America’s first spacewalk, Gemini IX-A Eugene Cernan stepped outside his spacecraft for an ambitious extravehicular activity scheduled for 167 minutes. The challenges he faced led NASA to reevaluate plans, equipment, and training for future spacewalks.
Record Group 21: Records of District Courts of the United StatesSeries: Civil Case FilesFile Unit: United States of America v. The New York Times Company, et al.
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff,
-against-
THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY,
et al.,
Defendants.
AFFIDAVIT
71 Civ. 2662
STATE OF NEW YORK
COUNTY OF NEW YORK
SS.:
JAMES L. GREENFIELD, being duly sworn, deposes and says:
1. I am the Foreign Editor of The New York Times ("The Times") and am familiar with the facts of the instant situation.
2. On June 13, 1971, The Times began publishing excerpts from a 47-volume history of the Vietnam War completed in 1968 entitled "History of U. S. Decision-Making Process on Vietnam Policy" and a summary of a document relating to the Tonkin Gulf Incident prepared by the Defense Department in 1965 (the "documents"). This was an exclusive feature of The Times.
3. On June 15, 1971, this Court entered a temporary restraining order effective until 1:00 P. M. on June 19, 1971, restraining The Times from further disclosing any portion of the documents. The Times has complied with this order and has stopped further publication of the documents.
4. I am making this affidavit in support of a motion to vacate this temporary restraining order.
5. Annexed to this affidavit is the Washington Post issue of June 18, 1971, story entitled, "Documents Reveal U. S. Effort in '54 to Delay Viet Election." This story indicated that the Washington Post has possession of some or all of the documents that are the subject of this order. Particularly, I am able to say it contains material that The Times has prepared for publication and would already have been published but for the restraining order. In addition, the Washington Post states clearly that today's article is the first in a series, thus clearly indicating the Washington Post possesses additional material.
6. The Washington Post has a News Service with some 275 subscribers. It is understood that the article referred to in paragraph 5 above was sent over the Washington Post - Los Angeles Times News Service wire to its subscribers. Further, attached hereto are releases with respect to the story of the Associated Press which is distributed to some 8,500 newspaper, television, and other media subscribers about the world.
7. Attached hereto are releases with respect to the story of the United Press International which is distributed to some 6,000 newspaper, television, and other media subscribers about the world.
8. Attached hereto is a copy of The New York Post of June 18, 1971, containing an article obviously taken from the Washington Post News Service.
9. Although we have no further evidence of how many clients of the Washington Post - Los Angeles Times News Service will use the material, its use throughout the world is highly likely by many of the Service's clients.
10. Certain portions similar to The Times' prepared but still unpublished material has from sources unknown also appeared in The New York Daily News, issue of Friday, June 18, 1971.
11. The Washington Post story is also being carried by the British News Agency Reuters for world wide publication.
12. From the aforegoing, it is evident that the very material which is the subject of the restraining order is receiving nation-wide and world wide dissemination from sources other than The Times.
13. If the restraining order continued in effect, The Times will suffer irreparable pecuniary and professional damage in that once the documents are published as aforesaid, they will lose their newsworthy value to The Times as an exclusive story, and will cause The Times to lose all benefit from the large sum of money, time and energy expended by The Times in compiling this story. In fact, if the order continues in effect, The Times alone will be restrained from publishing its own carefully compiled story.
14. Furthermore, any arguable value to be derived from the restraining order is lost by virtue of the aforesaid publication by other sources, and it serves only as a restraint on The Times alone.
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