On this day in history, 3d of May 1415, birth of Cecily Neville in Raby Castle,Durham. The location of her arrival, and the family into which she was born, immediately marked her above the majority of her fifteenth-century contemporaries. The impressive towers and setting of Raby, its very size and scale, were a suitable location for the birth of a woman who would come to consider herself ‘queen by rights’, whose family would come to conquer and rule the land. It was a bloodline that derived from Norman France, where significant years of Cecily’s life would be passed, as the duchess of the realm’s lieutenant.
Cecily was the youngest child of a very significant dynasty. Her ancestors had been based at Neuville-sur-Touques, just over 100 miles to the immediate west of Paris -;while other sources cite a village named Calle de Neu Ville as their home. They derived their surname from the place of their birth as far back as the ninth century.Nevilles were among those thousands of men who crossed the Channel to England in 1066. Occupying a heavily wooded site, with marshland surrounding them, they fought from morning until dusk until the English King Harold was killed. William the Conqueror rewarded his men; many received lands and titles, so they settled and married into local families. Cecily’s ancestors came from one such eleventh-century success story, starting with a Richard de Novavilla,whose mother was a cousin of the Conqueror and whose uncle, Foulk d’Anjou, provided forty ships for the fleet of 1066. Cecily’s maternal grandparents were John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster and Katherine Swynford. John of Gaunt was the thrid survivng son of Edward III of England and queen Philippa of Hainault. By her mother, Cecily was the niece of king Henry IV of England
When Cecily was born on 3 May 1415, her mother, Joan, was thirty-six. Married for the first time at the age of twelve, she had borne her first child two years later and gone on to deliver fifteen more over the next twenty-two years.The baby girl arrived into a sprawling family, a network of children multiplied by second marriages. She had ten half-brothers and sisters and nine surviving full siblings.
Cecily would marry Richard Plantagenet, 3d Duke of York, a great-grandson of King Edward III. She was mother to most notable Margaret Duchess of Burgundy, Edmund Earl of Rutland, George Duke of Clarence, Elizabeth Duchess of Suffolk, Anne Duchess of Exeter and the Kings Edward IV and Richard III.
Pictured: Joan Beaufort Neville with her daughters, from the illumination in the Neville Book of Hours (Bibliothèque Nationale de Paris, Paris: MS Latin 1158, f. 34v, c. 1425-1432