My utter contempt for neo-reactionaries like Curtis or Thiel (who have been mentioned by Žižek) stems from the fact that they are poor readers of Saint-Just: they use his maxims—such as "He who makes a revolution by halves only digs his own grave"—stripped of all human conviction. Reading Saint-Just as a mere instrument to destabilize power, without grasping his core intentions, strikes me as aberrant and utterly repugnant.
Revolutionaries’ activities on the day of the Champ-de-Mars massacre
Pauline Léon took part in the demonstration. On her way home from there, she used her fists to defend a friend against the family of a national guard. This is the first conserved trace of any militant activities from her side. (Pauline Léon, une républicaine révolutionnaire (2006) by Claude Guillon).
Manon Roland wrote in her memoirs that she on the day in question had been at the jacobins ”where I had witnessed the agitations caused by the sad events on Champ-de-Mars.” Manon remembers walking home eleven o’clock in the evening and bumping into François and Louise Robert. Louise (who it might be worth mentioning would have been seven months pregnant at this point) explains that ”my husband was writing the petition on the altar of the homeland, I was at his side. We escaped the slaughter without daring to retire neither to our house nor that of one of friends.” She therefore asks if they can take shelter at Manon’s place. Manon happily agrees, and brings them over to hôtel Britannique, rue Guénégaud. The next morning, the Roberts start talking through the window with an acquaintance by the name of Vachard, whom they invite up. Vachard speaks loudly about yesterday’s events, boasting about having run his sabre through a National Guardsman. Manon finds this conduct to be careless, and asks the Roberts to tell their friend to leave, which they do. The Roberts themselves leave around noon.
Forty years after the fact, Sergent-Marceau claimed that he on the morning of the day in question had been at Danton’s place together with Desmoulins, Fréron, Fabre, Santerre, Brune, Duplain and Momoro, discussing the lynching of two men at the Champ-de-Mars. At nine o’clock, Legendre arrives and tells the group that two men had come home to him and said: We are charged with warning you to get out of Paris, bring Danton, Camille and Fréron, let them not be seen in the city all day, it is Alexandre Lameth who engages this. Camille, Danton and Fréron follow this advice and leave, and were therefore most likely not present for the demonstration and shootings (Revue rétrospective, ou Bibliothèque historique: contenant des mémoires et documens authentiques, inédits et originaux, pour servir à l'histoire proprement dite, à la biographie, à l'histoire de la littérature et des arts (1834),p. 284-285). Desmoulins is nevertheless confirmed to have shown up at the jacobins’ evening session the very same day to talk about the split with the Feuillants and bring to attention the fact that his journal since six weeks back has been unable to reach Marseille. Sergent-Marceau too was there.
Robespierre did, according to the memoirs of his sister Charlotte, see the shootings with his own eyes. He is confirmed to have been at the jacobins’ evening session and there have intervened twice, first asking that commissioners be appointed to find out and report back what exactly is going on in Paris, and then lamenting the sad state of affairs. Both Charlotte, Fréron and Philippe Lebas Jr. write it was on this day Robespierre moved in with the Duplay family on rue Saint-Honoré 398 Charlotte claims that this happened when he was walking away from the massacre following said street. A considerable crowd then showed up, recognized him and started shouting vive Robespierre!, which caused Maurice Duplay to come out and offer Robespierre to rest up in his house. Fréron on the other hand writes that when leaving the jacobins in the evening and crossing its courtyard, which was filled with Lafayette’s soldiers who ”vomit[ed] imprecations and threats against the Jacobins” Robespierre got so scared that he had to grab onto Lecointre and La Poype in order to support himself. Not daring to go home he asked Lecointre if he knew any patriot in the vicinity of the Tuileries who could give him shelter for the night, whereupon the latter brought him to the Duplays. Philippe jr simply writes that on the day in question, a rumor had spread that ”the most influential members of the democratic party, and in particular Robespierre” were going to get arrested, causing his grandfather to offer him asylum. Charlotte claims her brother wanted to leave after an hour or two, but was made to stay for dinner and kept in the house for days.
Pétion too was at the jacobins’ evening session, where he held speech about the founding of the Feuillant club the day before, calling for calm in these ”stormy times” and for a circular to be sent to all the sister clubs.
Brissot admitted in a interrogation held October 15 1793 that his ”great occupations” had hindered him from attending the demonstration. He is confirmed to have been at the jacobin club in the evening and there have read aloud the circular to the sister societies regarding the split with the Feuillants Pétion proposed writing. At the very end the circular says the following, apropos of the day’s event on Champ-de-Mars: ”Something has just happened at Champ-de-Mars: the blood of the people has flowed. Brothers and friends, beware of false stories and slander that may be directed at you. We owe you the truth, you know that.” The circular was approved.
Duforney, Régnier and Royer are also confirmed to have been at the Jacobins’ evening session.
UNPOPULAR OPINION: A lot of "mental health issues" disappear when bills are paid, rent is secure, and the fridge is full. Peace is expensive. And pretending money doesn't affect mental health is privilege.
had a dream that I was arguing with someone who insisted that kissing could be platonic but ONLY within a very specific mathematical range of angles and percentages of lip contact. like a level of granularity you'd need a protractor to figure out. this wasn't about personal comfort, it was a universal law. and I was getting really mad and eventually yelled "TONGUE can be platonic!!" and now I understand how ancient philosophers felt when they had revelations of truth revealed to them in a dream
[...la loi pénale doit nécessairement avoir quelque chose de vague, parce que, le caractère actuel des conspirateurs étant la dissimulation et l'hypocrisie, il faut que la justice puisse les saisir sous toutes les formes. Une seule manière de conspirer laissée impunie rendrait illusoire et compromettrait le salut de la patrie. La garantie du patriotisme n'est donc pas dans la lenteur ni dans la faiblesse de la justice nationale, mais dans les principes et dans l'intégrité de ceux à qui elle est confiée...]
Was reading Robespierre's speech on 8 thermidor and personally this passage gave me a sudden more understanding for his mental space on the law of 22 prairial...?
Perhaps he thought it is actually difficult to define what constitutes a patriot vs. conspirator in detailed writing. To some degree i do understand that, because 1) anyone can use and adapt the revolutionary lingos/rhetoric. 2) He certainly wants to distinguish between errors vs. deliberate intentions. 3) Especially in a sensitive time where the Committee of Public Safety could not stand decrease of trust.
4) (sort of, funky reason) If I was going after people like Billaud, Carnot, Vadier, Fouché, etc, what would I even charge them with like......I know mentally some of these people are sus asf, but wtf do I even label them with. At least with Fabre and Danton they had the concrete East Indie company thing/financial corruption to indict them, the Thermidorians don't have that clear trail to pin (and they are very different from each other). Like we can all say in hindsight some of these people committed horrific war crimes, we can define what they did as excess because we know now, but how are the deputies supposed to know that during the revolution beyond the reports they receive from those exact people.
So Robespierre's solution is to make the law in writing vague, and to put his trust in selecting good people, the right people, for the judicial roles. Not gonna lie it's still a very questionable method and I still think the law is quite controversial of a decision...But I can see he really had this focus/hope on the people itself having enough moral basis* and not just the governing structure too.
*(as in, remembering general interest and not just private, the whole definition of virtue etc etc.)
«The mess we are in today compels us again and again to raise the question, especially among (what remains of) the Leftists: what kind of leadership is most appropriate for a Leftist movement? Is it a collective leadership controlled by the movement's popular base? Is it a charismatic Trumpian Leftist able to mobilize ordinary voters like Mamdami? Is it an efficient technocratic organizer? Does the Left need a leader with some features which may appear "authoritarian," to prevent the Left's usual self-destructive factionalism? I am not talking here about the content of a leader's vision (anti-Zionism as a unifying feature; openness to minority groups (gays and trans, etc.); old-fashioned focus on the working class... - I reject all these options). I am talking about the type of subjectivity that will be needed when the catastrophes that are posing a threat to our survival ecology, the spread of AI, etc.) will compel us to introduce some kind of emergency state. Crazy as it may sound, to find a leader that could serve as a model, we should reach back to Jacobins in the French Revolution: not to Robespierre but to Saint Just.»
okay youve made me a little obsessed with all the drama of robespierres personal life kejehrhek all i knew before was the gullotining did his brother gets long with the duplays?
bro he genuinely has the most fascinating personal life from start to finish i could talk about that shit for 600 years
but yeah augustin had no issue with the duplays and im pretty sure he lived in the rooms connected to their house until he died? he was the complete opposite of robespierre (super outgoing, opinionated, lady’s man, etc) which at times led robespierre - who who was always walking a fine line between being a brother and a parent to his siblings - to chide or scold him but they still got along incredibly well. augustin was also a deputy in the convention as well as a rep on mission with the armies.
one of the coolest fucking things about augustin is that he dated this (married lmao) creole woman named madame de la saudraye who was extremely politically active to the point where she’d piss off a lot of the racist and misogynist jacobins by showing up to give speeches at the provincial clubs. in his letters to robespierre, augustin brings her up a bunch, asking robespierre to meet up with her in paris to get her opinions on the rev. at another point he wrote to robespierre:
“i wish that you would see citoyenne la saudraie [sic]; she will give you true information on all the plots which it is interesting to know in these circumstances.”
we don’t know if robespierre ever took augustin up on this offer but it would be cool as fucking hell if he did
The only thing I'd change here is that, unfortunately, he didn't send multiple letters to Maximilien about her, but really only one, the one you quote from. It is, however, a very interesting story.
It took me days of research to find anything about her and, to begin with, her full name: Jeanne-Rosalie Guillodon de Tillet.
Ernest Hamel says she was the wife of "an academician named La Saudraye", most likely Charles-Joseph Lohier de la Saudraye.
Henriette Simon-Viennot, a 19th century woman historian, wrote an annex about her in her book about Marie-Antoinette.
She writes:
"Madame de la Saudraye, veuve d'un riche libraire, était une charmante créole de vingt à vingt-cinq ans, qui vouait sa vie à la pratique de ces vertus difficiles qui n'obtinennent que le mépris des hommes. Elle avait quitté ses nonchalantes et chères habitudes des colonies, elle avait compromis sa fortune, sa réputation et répudié un cercle choisi dont elle était l’idole, pour opposer son ardente charité aux fureurs de Robespierre aîné par l’ascendant du jeune Augustin sur cette âme sanguinaire."
She goes off on a weird anecdote about how La Saudraye interceded on Simon-Viennot's father behalf to Augustin in order to save him from the guillotine -- a rather typical anecdote attributed to many women close to French Revolutionary men.
Charles Nodier tells the story of how she was refused at the Jacobins' Club in Besançon:
"Citoyens, les règlements de notre société interdisent l’entrée de son enceinte aux femmes. Je suis marié, je suis père et je n’ai jamais amené ni ma fille, ni ma femme. Robespierre, qui n’est ni marié, ni père, y a amené une femme. Je demande qu’elle sorte, ou que le procès-verbal constate au moins qu’un républicain a protesté contre l’aristocratie de Robespierre."
Some people, like Albert Mathiez, have argued against the accuracy of the anecdote (because Nodier is, well, always weird when he recounts things which he reportedly witnessed at 13-14 years old), but it's a verified fact that Augustin had trouble in Besançon with Bernard de Saintes, a fellow representative on mission, and the man who denounced her at the club was one of his partisans.
Also, interesting to note: créole doesn't necessarily mean mixed, but their reaction can still be somewhat racist-adjacent. Even if they were born of white European parents, people born in the colonies were seen as "exotic". It fits well with the Robespierre brothers' habit of mingling with people outside of Artois, much to Charlotte's and Guffroy's affront. At that time, "race" was provincial as well. (Or it could mean "class", as in "the Aristocratic race".)
Adding more to this, there are at least three pieces of archive available online that give her full identity:
- Pièce 1241: 25 thermidor an III, Documents relatifs à la vente des biens nationaux dans le district de Sens (département de l'Yonne), tome II, published by Charles Porée, p. 22-23.
- Transport de créance par M. Guyenot à Jeanne-Rosalie Guillodon de Tillet, veuve de Charles-Joseph Lohier de Lasaudraye (19 germinal an XI)
- Guillodon de Tillet, Jeanne. – Réponses pour Jeanne Guillodon de Tillet, veuve de Charles Lohier de la Saudraye contre Michel Poupet, négociant à La Rochelle (1800-1801)
People with left-wing beliefs are “enemies of civilization,” said Miller in a speech with numerous McCarthyist echoes.
In a set of fascistic speeches on Thursday, Secretary of State Marco Rubio, White House power broker Stephen Miller, and other top Trump administration officials labelled the political left as a “terrorist” threat and vowed to use all of the tools at their disposal to systematically destroy left-wing groups.
Representatives from 67 countries gathered in the U.S. on Thursday for a meeting called Rubio on the supposed “Resurgence of Political Terrorism.” In addition to Rubio and Miller, several U.S. officials spoke, including figures like Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent.