Biology and Geology

An educative blog discussing about the natural history about Biology and Geology. Made by Philippine Normal University-Manila's 2nd year students majoring in Physics, AY 2015-2016.

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500 BC Biology

Alcmaeon discovered the optic nerves and Eustachian tubes.

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384-332 BC Biology

Aristotle classify all living things. Like the vertebrates and the invertebrate which he called, animals with blood and without blood.

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370-285 BC Biology

Theophratus, the student of Aristotle and Platon, wwrote a classification of all known plants: De Historia Plantarum which contained 480 species. He classified them based on growth form.

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490 BC Biology

Empedocles discovered that heart distributes heat to the body. He discovered pneuma which flows through the blood vessels.

Hippocrates, father of medicine. First to document nail clubbing.

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335 BC Biology

Herophilus, “The Father of Anatomy” alongside Erasistratusperformed the first human dissection He is the first to distinguish nerves from tendons.

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304 BC Biology

Erasistratus performed the first human dissection with Herophilus. He considered plethora (hyperemia) to be the primary cause of disease.

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4th Century BC Geology

Aristotle made some critical observations of the slow rate of geological change. He observed the composition of land and formulated a theory. This theory is one of the first evidentially based concepts connected to the geological realm that the Earth is physically changing.

Following Aristotle’s successor, Theophrastus, who made the greatest progress in geology through his work, On Stones.  He described many minerals and ores from Laurium near Athens. Also, he studied about the classification of minerals based on its hardness.

Piny the Elder produced a very extensive discussion of many minerals and metals that later on became widely used. He was among the first to correctly identify the origin of amber as fossilized resin from trees.

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110 BC Biology

Hua Tuois the first surgeon in the world to first use general anesthesia.

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23-79 AD

Plinius wrote many books but the one that survived was the Naturalis Historia in which he described several plants and gave them latin names.

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40-90 AD

Dioscorides was a greek physician who travelled to Roman and Greek to collect knowledge about medicinal plants.

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50-70 AD

Dioscorides wrote De Materia Medica, which contained around 600 species. His classification was based on medicinal properties of the species.

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158 AD

Claudius Galen, by dissecting animals, discovered that living arteries contains blood and the blood goes back and forth from the heart in anebb-and-flow motion.

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973–1048 AD Geology

Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni was one of the earliest Muslim geologists that proposed that the Indian subcontinent was once a sea.

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1031-1095 Geology

Shen Kou formulated a theory of geomorphology based on his observations of sedimentary uplift, soil erosion, deposition of silt, and marine fossils found in the Taihang Mountains. He also formulated atheory of gradual climate change, after his observation of ancient petrified bamboos found in a preserved state underground near Yan'an, in the Shaanxi province. Also, Shen Kou formulated another hypothesis about the land formations that is formed through soil erosion of mountains and deposition of silt.

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1275 Biology

Mondino de Luzzi, the “Restorer of Anatomy”, staged public dissections. He wrote the book Anathomia Mundini which was deemed as the first European book since the classical antiquity that was fully devoted to anatomy.

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16th and 17th century Geology

The debate of naturalist intensified.

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1510 Biology

Leonardo da Vinci produced his most precisely drawn dissections of the human body