Why Was "Avatar" Translated as Jiang Shi Shen Tong (降世神通)?
The word "Avatar" originates from the Sanskrit Avatāra, which in Hinduism represents the "incarnation of a deity descending to the human world." It typically refers specifically to the supreme god Vishnu, who, in order to save the world, manifests into various human or animal forms (such as a fish, a man-lion, Rama, Krishna, etc.) to descend into the mortal realm. James Cameron’s sci-fi movie Avatar also draws from this same Sanskrit root.
The Chinese translation "降世神通" (Jiàng Shì Shén Tōng) was coined by Dr. Siu-Leung Lee, a Hong Kong-American cultural consultant. (I’ll find some time to share my evaluation of him later).
Breaking Down the Translation:
"降世" (Jiang Shi): 1. Akin to descending to the mortal realm; 2. To be born. In Buddhism, Jiang Shi refers to Buddhas and Bodhisattvas descending from a higher realm of existence to be born into the human world in order to save all sentient beings.
"神通" (Shen Tong): (Sanskrit: Abhijñā, Punjabi: Abhiññā), also translated as divine power, supernatural power, or simply Tong. It is a Buddhist term referring to the "Tong" in the "Three Insights and Six Supernatural Powers" (三明六通). It denotes the mysterious, superhuman powers attained through the power of meditative concentration (Dhyana), though it can sometimes just refer to ordinary illusions. This term appears in numerous Buddhist scriptures, such as the Mahasatyatrnirgrantha-sutra and the Shurangama Sutra.
Originally, it was styled as 「降卋神通」 (卋 is pronounced shì, with the radical "十", originally serving as an archaic variant of "世", meaning thirty years). However, when the series was imported into Taiwan, it was simplified to 「降世神通」 to make it easier to memorize and pronounce.
The "Korra Fandom" Paradox
In Mainland China, whenever people mention Jiang Shi Shen Tong, they almost exclusively refer to the first series: Avatar: The Legend of Aang / Avatar: The Last Airbender.
Consequently, many completely overlook the fact that Avatar: The Legend of Korra (TLOK) belongs to the exact same IP. It has reached a point of absolute absurdity where some "well-meaning" fans have actually tried to dissuade content creators from using the #降世神通 tag when posting about Korra. It truly makes one laugh and cry at the same time.
Korra’s full name is literally Avatar Korra.
Whether you love or hate The Legend of Korra, she is an inseparable part of this IP. You cannot bypass this fact—unless you choose to completely deny the existence of any official canon after Aang.