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[qacraft2016]

How to deploy an IOS app for testing?

An essential step in the creation of any IOS app is testing. Make sure your software functions flawlessly on all devices and in all situations before submitting it to the Software Store. To assist developers in deploying their apps for testing, Apple offers a number of platforms and tools. We'll walk you through the process of deploying an IOS app for testing in this blog post, including both direct installation (using ad hoc distribution or development provisioning) and internal testing (using TestFlight). 

1. Testing with TestFlight 

Step 1: Join the Apple Developer Program 

In order to upload your app for testing, you are required to join the Apple Developer Program. This program allows you to use TestFlight as well as provision the necessary profiles. 

Step 2: Archive Your App 

Launch the Xcode application and load your project. 

Click the app target and check if the deployment target and signing certificates are correct. 

From Xcode, select the menu and choose Product > Archive, so as to create an archive of the app. 

When the build is archived, Xcode will open the Organizer automatically. 

Step 3: Upload the App to App Store Connect 

Select the app in the organizer, click your app archive and click Distribute App. 

When prompted, choose App Store Connect as the distribution method and click Upload. 

Complete the validation and upload process of your app as guided by the prompts that appear on the screen. 

Step 4: Set Up TestFlight for Testing 

Access App Store Connect. 

Locate your app under My Apps. 

Click the TestFlight tab. 

Create groups or send individual email invitations and add testers. 

Once the app build is through the process, it will be possible to send it to the testing group. 

Step 5: Inform Testers  

Testers will get a notification by email which has an invite link to go and test your app using the TestFlight app. The app can be downloaded and the testers can give feedback. 

2. Direct Installation via Ad Hoc or Development Provisioning 

If TestFlight does not support your use case, then you can share your app directly via ad hoc distribution or development provisioning profiles. 

Step 1: Configure a Provisioning Profile 

Sign in to the Apple Developer Portal. 

Go to Certificates, Identifiers & Profiles. 

Create an ad-hoc or development provisioning profile. And in doing so for ad hoc, please ensure that you register the devices on which you wish to perform testing. 

Download the provisioning profile and add it to Xcode. 

Step 2: Export Your App 

Open your project in Xcode and perform the archiving action on your app. 

Select Distribute App from the window of Organizer, then Ad Hoc (or Development). 

Follow whatever steps it asks of you, including the provisioning profile and leaving you with an .ipa file at the end of the exercise. 

Step 3: Share the App 

Use any Diawi or Firebase App Distribution to share .ipa file. 

Testers can also install the app via iTunes or Finder by dragging the .ipa file onto their connected devices. 

3. Tips for a Great Test  

Gather Feedback: Collect feedback using the built-in feedback provided by TestFlight or allow an SDK integration option such as Instabug to do so.  

Test on All Devices: Do remember to check on all models of iPhones and iPads so that you don’t miss a bug that is specific to one model.  

Keep It Fresh: Keep updating, keep fixing, and keep deploying new builds.  

Check Logs: Monitor logs in Xcode or use tools like Console to debug crashes. 

Conclusion: 

Testing an iOS app deployment is quite simple if one uses the tools Apple gives. Whether it is TestFlight for distribution streamlined or direct installation for very small teams, both methods prove efficient at collecting feedback and making your app shine. Do follow the above steps and there you are with a successful app release. 

[qacraft2016]

Is integration testing White box testing_

In the previous month's blog I wrote about integration testing….so now we are very clear about Integration testing….  In this blog, I am having a blog about Integration testing with White box testing…  So let’s learn ‘White Box’ testing….  Basically in  Integration Testing, there are 2 types of Testing :  1. White Box Testing  2. Black box Testing  —-----------------  Let’s  take description note for White box testing:  In White Box testing tester is having deep knowledge of source code, technology and architecture used in system…    So while doing Integration testing with white box methodology..tester test the system with combining source code of 1-2-3 module and try to track occurred error…   

Black Box Testing :   Where as in black box testing tester do not having knowledge about system and he/she test  system as end user….    Conclusion : Yes Integration Testing is White Box Testing. 

[qacraft2016]

How to Do Cross-Browser Testing Manually: A Step-by-Step Guide

Ensuring your website or application functions flawlessly across several browsers is essential in today's digital environment. The practice of confirming that your web content works correctly across various web browsers and provides a consistent user experience is known as cross-browser testing. Even though automated testing methods can greatly expedite this process, manual testing is still necessary to identify subtleties that automation could overlook. This is a thorough explanation of how to successfully conduct manual cross-browser testing. 

Teams can manually run test scripts on other clients or perform cross-browser testing, noting changes in functionality on other web clients. Although small websites and applications are the ideal candidates for this kind of browser testing, the amount of human involvement needed to test every feature, as precise as almost 100%, is still prohibitive. 

Installing multiple browsers and operating systems on different computers and mobile devices is necessary to manually test a website. The identical test cases must then be carried out by hand in each selected setting. For testers, this is time-consuming and draining, and the entire testing period is, therefore, very long. Moreover, it is not feasible to conduct manual testing in a range of scenarios. To swiftly finish testing tasks, cross-browser testing automation is therefore necessary. 

1. Understand Your Target Browsers: 

Decide the browsers and versions you wish to target before you start testing. This could consist of: 

Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge, and Internet Explorer are popular browsers. 

Mobile browsers: iOS Safari, Android Chrome, etc. 

Previous Versions: If your audience may still be using previous versions, it may be vital to test the 

2. Set Up Your Testing Environment: 

Equipment and Configuration: 

Devices: Verify that you have access to a range of gadgets, including smartphones, tablets, and PCs. 

Install the target browsers and the versions that correspond to them. 

Network situations: To understand performance under varied situations, test under varying network speeds. 

BrowserStack and Sauce Labs are helpful resources for virtual testing environments. 

Tools for local testing in server setups, such as MAMP or XAMPP. 

.3. Create a Testing Checklist:  

Using a checklist guarantees that you address every important facet of your website. This is a basic overview: 

Important Things to Test: Layout and Design: Verify space, alignment, and general appearance. 

Functionality: Verify that buttons, forms, and navigation function as intended. 

Performance: Keep an eye on responsiveness and load times. 

Compatibility: Check that media components (pictures, movies) work as intended. 

JavaScript Execution: Examine whether there are any problems with scripts operating in various browsers. 

Accessibility elements, such as screen readers, should be taken into account. 

Responsive design, which adapts to various screen sizes. 

Security features (login procedures, SSL certificates). 

4. Execute Your Tests: 

Launch the Target Browser: Begin by opening each browser individually. 

Open your application or website: After entering the URL, watch for it to load completely. 

Navigate the Site: Check all features, design components, and performance indicators using your checklist. 

Record Findings: Note any problems, along with how to replicate them. 

Methods of Testing: 

Visual Testing: Compare how items look in various browsers by taking screenshots. 

Interaction Testing: Examine buttons and forms for mistakes or broken links. 

5. Log and Report Bugs: 

Documenting problems when you discover them is essential to their resolution. Incorporate: 

An explanation of the problem: Give specifics about the issue. 

Note the browser and version that were affected by the problem. 

How to Reproduce: Give a precise way to replicate the problem. 

Screenshots: Developers can gain a better understanding of the issue by using visual evidence. 

6. Collaborate with Your Development Team: 

After compiling your results, closely collaborate with developers to resolve the issues you found. This cooperation can guarantee that patches are applied effectively and expedite the debugging process. 

Advice for Successful Teamwork: 

To keep track of issues, use project management software such as Jira or Trello. 

Arrange frequent meetings to talk about bugs and how to fix them. 

7. Retest After Fixes: 

Retest all targeted browsers after developers have fixed the issues to make sure they have been fixed and that no new ones have emerged. 

8. Document the Testing Process: 

Record your testing procedure, conclusions, and outcomes after your testing cycle. This will be a useful resource for new team members and help expedite testing efforts in the future. 

Conclusion: 

Although it can take a lot of time, manual cross-browser testing is an essential part of providing a top-notch user experience. You can make sure that your web application runs as efficiently as possible on a variety of devices and browsers by following these steps. You can find problems early and give every user a flawless experience with careful testing and teamwork. Have fun with your tests!

[qacraft2016]

How Many Types of Integration Testing Are There?

So, What kinds of integration testing? 

Integration test is significant as it validates if all the individual components/modules of a software application function correctly together. It refers to the testing technique which is used for detecting defects between integrated units and though their interfaces or communication. If a team understands the different types of integration tests, it will enable them to write more solid end-to-end application that catches bugs earlier and improves software quality. 

In this article, we will also discuss the primary forms of Integration tests and explain when they might be used with examples on how each one can contribute tothe SDLC. 

Types of Integration Testing 

Three most common integration tests mentioned below:- 

Big Bang Integration: It is the type of testing where all modules are integrated simultaneously, then tested. This is a highly undesirable approach, as it can create defects that are very hard to identify and solve. 

Bottom-Up Integration: This way of integration testing first adds the smallest modules and then continues adding higher level modules to integrate. It also allows defects to be more easily isolated and solved (or at least one would hope so). 

Top-Down Integration: In top-down integration, the uppermost level modules are connected initially and then lower-level modules will be attached subsequently.  

When should I use Various Integration Testing techniques? 

There is a reason we have different types of integration tests and they serve their own purpose, so you can choose to use a specific type based on your requirement. 

Big Bang: Used when either all components are developed at same time or for small systems. 

Incremental (Top-Down and Bottom-Up): This works best when you have a multi-faceted solution where specific parts reach completion first. 

Hybrid: large applications with independent development teams. 

System Integration Testing (SIT) —Used for large systems which have to be integrated with multiple subsystem assemblies or even applications. 

System Integration Testing 

System Integration Testing — System integration testing is a type of integration test that tests the software application in its entirety with larger systems like databases, and other applications to confirm whether they function well together as an integrated whole. We conduct this kind of testing as it verifies whether the software application can be implemented in real time environment or not. 

Selecting the Appropriate Integration Testing Types 

The hybrid model was always good, but the evolution of software applications has made an extreme form of integration testing through a years-long conference treadmill not only impractical (how many people remember Sapphire'04? 

Conclusion 

How important is the integration test in a software development process? As long as organizations are ready to invest the time and resources necessary to carefully choose the type of integration tests they need, they will go a long way in covering their bases. 

[qacraft2016]

Selenium Testing and  Automation Testing :

Selenium Testing : 

Definition : Selenium testing specifically refers to the use of the Selenium framework for automating web applications. It is an open-source tool designed for web application testing. 

Automation testing 

Definition : Automation testing is a broad term that refers to the use of software tools to execute tests automatically, manage test data, and utilize results to improve software quality. 

Difference between Selenium and Automation testing :  

Domain:  

Automation Testing : This can apply to various types of software. 

Selenium Testing : This specifically for web applications. 

Flexibility:  

Automation Testing  : It encompasses a wide range of tools and technologies. 

Selenium Testing : It is just one option among many. 

Language Support:  

Automation Testing : This  frameworks may have specific language requirements depending on the tool. 

Selenium Testing : This supports multiple programming languages (Java, C#, Python, etc.).  

Scope: 

Automation Testing: Encompasses various applications, including web, mobile, desktop, and APIs. 

Selenium Testing: Limited to automating web applications only. 

Tools: 

Automation Testing: Includes a variety of tools (e.g., QTP, TestComplete, Appium). 

 Selenium Testing: Primarily utilizes the Selenium suite (WebDriver, IDE, Grid).               

User Interface: 

Automation Testing: Some tools provide GUI interfaces, while others may require scripting. 

Selenium Testing: Primarily code-based, requiring programming knowledge to write tests. 

Test Types: 

 Automation Testing: Can be used for functional, regression, performance, and load testing. 

Selenium Testing: Mainly used for functional and regression testing of web applications.             

Integration: 

Automation Testing: Can be integrated with various CI/CD tools and frameworks. 

  Selenium Testing: Easily integrates with tools like Jenkins, TestNG, and JUnit for continuous testing.               

Execution Environment: 

Automation Testing: Can be executed in diverse environments (cloud, local, virtual). 

Selenium Testing: Requires a web browser environment to run tests.                                              

Community and Support: 

Automation Testing: Varies by tool; some have large user communities. 

Selenium Testing: Has a strong, active community and extensive documentation. 

Cost: 

Automation Testing: Some tools are commercial and require licensing fees. 

Selenium Testing: Open-source and free to use, making it accessible for many users.

[qacraft2016]

Benefits of selenium automation testing

Automation testing is now essential for producing high-quality apps in the fast-paced world of software development. The top automation testing framework, Selenium, has many benefits that make it the go-to option for QA teams around. 

1. Cost-Effectiveness 

eliminates the need for repeated manual testing cycles. 

minimizes the need for human resources for repeated testing 

Early issue detection reduces the cost of bug repairs. 

uses reusable test scripts to get a high return on investment. 

Free and open-source eliminates licensing costs. 

2. Cross-Browser Compatibility 

All popular browsers are supported, including Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. 

Guarantees uniform application performance across various browsers 

Facilitates simultaneous testing on multiple browsers 

Validates features and rendering specific to each browser 

Allows for a unified test suite to cover all browser testing requirements 

3. Language Flexibility 

supports Java, Python, C#, and JavaScript, among other programming languages. 

enables teams to choose their preferred programming language. 

allows for compatibility with current development frameworks. 

offers comprehensive community assistance for every language it supports. 

makes it simple for developers from a variety of backgrounds to onboard 

4. Enhanced Test Coverage 

enables full testing of complicated scenarios. 

enables testing of dynamic web elements. 

allows web applications to be tested from beginning to end. 

facilitates data-driven testing with numerous datasets. 

Allows testing of responsive design elements. 

5. Improved Accuracy 

minimizes human error in procedures involving repeated testing 

guarantees that tests are carried out consistently each time. 

provides thorough test records and reports. 

Captures screenshots and videos for analyzing failures 

keeps performance-related evaluations on schedule. 

6. Time Efficiency 

Executes tests much faster than manual methods 

enables test runs to be conducted overnight. 

Supports parallel test execution 

reduces the time it takes to launch new features. 

accelerates the rounds of regression testing 

7. Integration Capabilities 

Integrates seamlessly with continuous integration and delivery pipelines. 

Compatible with popular test frameworks (TestNG, JUnit) 

allows for version control system integration. 

Excellent with build tools (Gradle, Maven) 

Supports integration with test management tools. 

8. Reusability and Maintenance 

promotes modular test script development 

Allows the construction of reusable test components. 

makes test case management simple. 

supports the design pattern for page object models. 

Allows sharing of test assets across projects. 

9. Scalability 

Effectively manages the expansion of test suites 

Allows for distributed test execution. 

Adapts to the complexity of applications 

Scales according to application complexity 

accommodates the growing need for test coverage 

10. Detailed Reporting and Analysis 

Creates detailed reports on test execution. 

provides a thorough examination of failures 

facilitates the creation of personalized reports 

makes it possible to examine patterns in test findings. 

Promotes data-driven decision-making.  

11. Support for Modern Web Technologies 

Effectively manages dynamic web elements 

Accommodates AJAX-driven applications 

Suitable for modern JavaScript frameworks 

Effectively manages shadow DOM elements. 

Supports the testing of responsive web designs. 

12. Community and Ecosystem 

Support is offered by a sizable and vibrant community. 

Regular improvements and updates are available. 

Detailed documentation is available. 

There is a thriving ecosystem of extensions and plugins. 

There are a lot of tutorials and educational materials available. 

Conclusion 

One particularly effective way to meet the testing requirements of contemporary web applications is with Selenium automation testing. Its extensive feature set, adaptability, and strong community support make it a priceless tool for businesses looking to increase the effectiveness of their software testing and quality. Teams may greatly improve their testing procedures and produce better applications more quickly by utilizing these advantages.

[qacraft2016]

When to stop testing in software testing?

Software testing is essential part of Software Development Life Cycle. Without testing, software deployment in the market is not possible. So that we have two criteria to check software in software testing that is – Entry Criteria also called start testing and Exit Criteria also called end testing. 

In entry criteria, we start testing as soon as possible when development starts, find the bugs in early stage of development so that it will be easy to fix. In exit criteria, there are some metrics which we follow to decide when to stop testing or how much testing we required. 

 When is it enough testing? 

Deciding how much testing we need to do is very critical task. As long as continuous development is going on , we required testing also , so that we can say that our product is stable and reliable .But still there are some factors where we decide that enough testing has been done or not. 

The main aim of testing is not mean to find out many defects in the software but to make sure that the application should be work as per client expectation without any disturbance. No one can give us assurance that the software is totally bug free or testing has been done completely. 

Every software is not easy to test, some are complex too so that they may have unlimited bugs to detect and hence it’s impractical to test it. 

So the fact is that testing is endless process which continue till the software exists. So we cannot say that we can find all the defects in software and now stop the testing. 

When to stop testing: 

Some are the points which let us know that when to stop testing: 

When test cases are completed with maximum area coverage. 

When the defect ratio drop from the calculated ratio. 

When the budget came to its end. 

When the release deadlines have been reached. 

What are the Completion or Exit Criteria? 

The exit criteria means it is based on the condition in which the test cycle ends. All the test cases which are pass, fail or skip are the factor that decide the exit criteria. 

What are the Completion or Exit Criteria? 

The exit criteria are nothing but the conditions or criteria based on which the test cycle ends. All the Coverage (Pass, Defect) and test completion are factors that decide the exit criteria. 

Below are the points: 

Defect closure rate: This criteria is based on the rate that how many defects are found and how many defects fixed.     

Test case coverage: This criteria based on percent of test cases means how many test cases should be executed and passed successfully before testing can be considered as complete. 

Time-based criteria: When testing is limited for a specific time period such as certain number of days, weeks, or months at that movement time-based criteria used to determine when testing must be stopped. 

What should be present in the Exit Criteria? 

The exit is decided at the beginning of the test cycle means in the Test Planning stage and it also depends on the project and requirements of projects. Below are the points 

Which say that when to stop testing. 

Time and budget constraints 

Stakeholder approval 

Risk-based analysis 

Defect closure rate 

Testing can be Stopped When: 

When all the criteria like pass rate and defect rate should be achieve. 

Defect rate is minimal and manageable. 

The Stockholder review the satisfied result and provide sign-off 

Conclusion   

When to stop testing? Is just a question. As we all know that “Testing is unstoppable process” . While using application suddenly bug found then again testing lifecycle begins.

[qacraft2016]

What is the main purpose of integration testing?

The purpose of integration testing is to make sure different components or modules can work together and can make an entire system that can work successfully end to end…    A beginner who is learning software testing can understand integration testing in a very simple manner :   Take an example of the Demart Ready portal…  Demart Ready portal is divided into 4-5 modules…like Marketing,Inventory management, warehousing , Supply chain of company , Customer service and satisfaction…..  So there are 5-6 modules ... which are developed and tested individually…but the system becomes complete when all modules get done with completion of the development and testing phase also…  After getting done with individual development and testing of each phase…next phase is to merge one by one module with each other as per requirement and specification and at last after getting done with integration of all modules do testing of the end to end system which is known as ‘Integration Testing’ in software testing terms….  The purpose of integration testing is to test that bridges we make between all the modules are connected and functioning properly or not!!!!  If it is working as per requirement then it is good otherwise need to make required modification in system development…. 

Above diagram is very good explanation of integration testing.   Integration testing is core section of Software testing.

[qacraft2016]

What are software testing techniques

Application testing is an important phase in the software development life cycle, whose main goal is to verify the functionality of a piece of software and its compliance with the required specifications. The basic purpose of many techniques is to assess some facet of the software to reveal problems, validate operations, and measure performance. Here’s an overview of the key software testing techniques: 

  1. Black Box Testing  Black box testing is a method of software testing whereby the person testing does not require any information about how the examined application works. In this process, the tester only inputs data into the software and only reads processing results without knowing the program code and its structure. The primary goal here is the usage of the application and its ability to perform in a desired manner. Common black box testing techniques include: 

  Equivalence Partitioning: Partition testing is a technique that checks one element in each of the divisions of the input data where the reaction of the software is supposed to be similar.  Boundary Value Analysis: Checking the edges and the line in between the partitions there most probably would be mistakes.  Decision Table Testing: Develop a decision table that includes all possible input combinations of the problem and decides in advance the outcome that each combination should produce to exhaust all possibilities.  State Transition Testing: Verifying the movement of the software from one state to another to determine its behavior where the system’s behavior is relative to the current state. 

2. White Box Testing 

Clear box, glass box, or white box testing is a kind of testing in which the internal workings of an application are tested. The tester is aware of the internal code and architecture and designs tests to make certain that the inside operations run as they are supposed to. Key techniques under white box testing include: 

Unit Testing: The process of verifying an individual module or portion of the entire software so that that particular section of it works properly. 

Code Coverage Analysis: Calculating the ratio of the code sizes as covered by the tests, to have high coverage, thus getting better tests for most parts of the code. 

Statement Coverage: The need to guarantee that all the statements in the program code are run at least once. 

Branch Coverage: It means checking all the possible branches (true or false) in the code. 

Path Coverage: Making Sure all paths of the code have been covered by the test. 

Control Flow Testing: Controlling the flow of the software through explicit and repetitive tests to identify control structures such as loops and conditions. 

3. Grey Box Testing 

Grey box testing is considered as an infiltration of black box and white box testing. Here, the tester has a limited understanding of the app’s flow and how it is structured, which makes the testing process better. The technique is particularly useful in integration testing where all the internal elements as well as the interfaces are tested. 

4. Static Testing 

Static testing is a software testing method in which the software’s code, documentation, and any other tangible requirements are inspected without the usage of the application. This technique is usually applied to find out different defects at the initial stage of development. Common static testing techniques include: 

Code Reviews: Code reviews by other students or programmers to find problems ranging from pentad logic mistakes or operational errors, violations of guidance for coding practices, or the presence of flaws that are likely to emerge as bugs. 

Static Analysis Tools: Static analysis tools that crawl through the source code looking for issues such as vulnerabilities, code smells, and other defects but do not run the program. 

Walkthroughs and Inspections: Pre-scheduled sessions in which the development team reviews the design of the software, implementation code, or any other entity that has been developed to find faults. 

5. Dynamic Testing 

In dynamic testing, one runs the software and looks for problems, and ensures that the software operates correctly. It applies to all levels of testing which includes unit testing, integrated testing, system testing, and even acceptance testing. Key dynamic testing techniques include: 

Functional Testing: Mainly, the testing is done to ensure that the software operates as it is required to do as per the specifications provided. 

Non-Functional Testing: This is the exercise of the software to check on its non-functional features like speed, ease of use, and insecurity. 

Performance Testing: Evaluating the performance of the software: The ability of software to respond to various situations, its stability, and how it utilizes the available resources. 

Load Testing: Benchmarking of the application to check how the software works when a high amount of load is applied. 

Stress Testing: The process of putting the software through pressure to determine its ability to deal with stress or overloading. 

Regression Testing: Performing regression testing where an application is run again to confirm that the changes that have been made do not introduce new faults. 

6. Exploratory Testing 

Exploratory testing is an informal, ad-hoc testing technique in which the tester tends to test the application without any prior prepared scripts. The tester is experienced and applies his/her logic to determine situations that may likely have defects and then creates and runs tests on the spot. This technique is very helpful in finding unknown problems and getting better insight into the software system when it is used in the real environment. 

7. Acceptance Testing 

Acceptance testing is done with the purpose of testing the software to its business requirements and its suitability for deployment. This testing is mostly done by the customers or the end-users to ascertain that the software offers the required value. Key types of acceptance testing include: 

User Acceptance Testing (UAT): Verifying the developed software against the requirements of the users, as to whether they have been met. 

Operational Acceptance Testing (OAT): Affirming that all software is ‘production ready’, that is, backup/restore disaster recovery, and maintenance. 

Conclusion 

Software testing is a vital and integral component of the whole software development life cycle as it helps to determine that the delivered product is both safe to use and operator-friendly. Using methods like black box, white box, grey box, static and dynamic, exploratory and acceptance tests, testers can be sure in the product quality determination and in early defects’ detection for contributing to the product success solely. All the technique has specific uses and altogether they build a comprehensive coverage of the software testing. 

[qacraft2016]

What is the best time to perform regression testing?

 Determining the Optimal Timing for Regression Testing 

Regression testing plays a vital role in software quality assurance, ensuring that modifications or new features do not adversely affect existing functionalities. So, when is the most suitable time to conduct regression testing? This article delves into the best practices for timing regression testing and offers strategies to enhance its effectiveness. 

Grasping the Concept of Regression Testing 

Before we discuss timing, it is important to clarify what regression testing involves. This process consists of re-evaluating both functional and non-functional tests to confirm that previously developed and validated software continues to operate correctly following any changes. Such changes may include: 

 Fixes for bugs 

Additions of new features 

Enhancements in performance 

Modifications in the environment (such as new hardware, operating systems, or databases) 

 Optimal Timing for Regression Testing 

Following Each Code Modification 

The most effective practice is to conduct regression testing after every code modification, regardless of its size. This method, known as continuous regression testing, allows for the early identification of issues during the development phase. 

 The advantages include: 

 Prompt detection of bugs 

Lower costs for fixes 

Sustained code stability 

Nonetheless, this level of frequency may not be practical for all organizations due to limitations in time and resources. 

   2. Prior to Major Releases 

In cases where continuous regression testing is not feasible, it is essential to carry out thorough regression tests before significant releases. This ensures that all components function harmoniously and that new features do not interfere with existing functionalities. 

 3. Throughout Sprint Cycles in Agile Development 

In Agile frameworks, regression testing should be incorporated into each sprint cycle. This generally involves: 

 Executing regression tests for new features developed during the current sprint 

 Performing more extensive regression tests on core functionalities 

This strategy aids in preserving software quality throughout the development lifecycle. 

 4. After Significant Changes 

 After Major Bug Resolutions 

Following the resolution of significant bugs, it is crucial to conduct regression testing to confirm: 

The bug has been effectively addressed. 

 The implemented fix has not led to the emergence of new problems. 

 Associated functionalities continue to operate as expected. 

5. During Performance Enhancement 

In the process of enhancing software performance, regression testing serves to validate that: 

The performance enhancements are yielding the desired results. 

The existing functionalities remain unaffected. 

6. Prior to and Following Database Migration 

Modifications to the database can significantly impact software functionality. Conducting regression testing both before and after database migrations is vital to ensure data integrity and the stability of the application. 

Factors Affecting the Timing of Regression TestingVarious elements can determine the appropriate timing for regression testing: 

- Project Size and Complexity: More extensive and intricate projects may necessitate more frequent regression testing. 

Development Methodology: In Agile environments, regression testing may be integrated into sprints, whereas in waterfall methodologies, it may be scheduled at specific project milestones. 

 Release Frequency: Products that are released frequently may require regular regression testing. 

 Available Resources: The size and expertise of the team, along with the tools at their disposal, can influence the frequency of testing. 

 Risk Assessment: Changes that are deemed high-risk or involve critical system components may require more frequent testing. 

Best Practices for Timing Regression Testing 

To enhance the timing of regression testing: 

 Automate When Feasible: Automation facilitates more frequent testing without overburdening resources. 

 Prioritize Test Cases: Concentrate on essential functionalities and areas impacted by recent modifications. 

 Integrate with CI/CD: Embed regression testing within your Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment framework. 

 Balance Frequency and Depth: More frequent, targeted tests can complement less frequent, thorough tests. 

Monitor and Adapt: Continuously evaluate your regression testing strategy and modify the timing based on outcomes and team input. 

 Conclusion 

Determining the optimal timing for regression testing is influenced by several factors, such as the nature of the project, the development methodologies in use, and the resources at hand. While the ideal scenario involves continuous regression testing with every modification, this may not always be feasible. At the very least, thorough regression testing should occur prior to major releases and following significant changes. 

By thoughtfully evaluating the elements that affect the timing of regression testing and adhering to best practices, development teams can achieve a harmonious balance between software quality, development efficiency, and resource management. The primary objective is to identify issues early, uphold software stability, and ensure that new modifications do not adversely affect existing functionalities. 

In the end, the success of regression testing hinges not only on its timing but also on its integration into the software development lifecycle. This approach enables teams to consistently produce high-quality software that aligns with user needs and business goals. 

[qacraft2016]

How to do cross browser testing?

One of the most important things in web development is to test : testing that our site works correctly on different Browsers and Device, this process is called cross-browser testing. Through comprehensive testing, you may improve user experience, address proper site performance and catch any issues pro-actively before they affect your audience. 

Importance of Cross-Browser Testing 

The Diverse User Base: This is fairly obvious, but people use different browsers and devices to access websites. Supporting different platforms allows the user experience to be seamless across all of them. 

User Experience: A Browser Compatible Website ensures the best user experience by working perfectly fine in all browsers. 

Your Brand Reputation: Compatibility issues can give a negative message to users regarding your brand. 

Business Expansion: Cross browser testing broadens reach and ensures business expansion. 

Manual Testing 

Simulate Browsers: You can use virtual machines or browser emulators to try your site on different browsers and operating systems. 

Real Device Testing: The results are much more accurate when you use genuine devices such as smartphones, tablets and desktops for testing your website. 

Popular Browsers: Any website should be tested in most popular browsers to serve the largest audience. 

Automated Testing: 

Selenium WebDriver — A well known open source automation testing tool. It helps in different programming languages, and user can even create the test script for cross browser testing. 

Selenium Grid: It is a test execution platform which allows parallel testing and superfast response. 

Cypress ,Playwright ,TestCafe etc. Other tools can be used to identify more efficient automation frameworks and their characteristics as well. 

Tips For Widespread Cross-Browser Testing 

Test the High-Priority Features First: It means to test those functionalities first which are more important and check if some basic features are working as expected. 

Testing Matrix:Develop a testing matrix to keep a track of the issues faced and browsers/devices tested 

Check Browser Compatibility Matrices : Refer to some browser compatibility matrices of web development frameworks or libraries for potential issues. 

Constantly Test: When you are doing changes to your website, keep testing on a regular basis. 

Let me show how you can do cross browser testing with selenium. 

Selenium is one of the most popular tools when it comes to cross browser testing. Multiple programming languages, it can run on Browser chrome, firefox or edge or safari at least. This is how you do Cross Browser Testing with Selenium 

Environment Setup: Initial you need to set up the selenium webdriver and install required browser drivers (example, Chromedriver,Geckodriver for firefox etc.). Selenium WebDrivers are built so as to act as a bridge between Selenium and the browser you want to test. 

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();  // For Chrome 

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();  // For Firefox 

Cross Browser Tests: After setting up your environment, you will write tests that can be ran against different browsers. For elements like buttons, forms, links and page layouts you can create test cases to make sure their behaviour is the same across browsers. 

public class CrossBrowserTest { 

    WebDriver driver; 

    @Before 

    public void setup() { 

        String browser = System.getProperty("browser"); 

        if(browser.equals("chrome")) { 

            driver = new ChromeDriver(); 

        } else if(browser.equals("firefox")) { 

            driver = new FirefoxDriver(); 

        } 

    } 

    @Test 

    public void testHomePage() { 

        driver.get("https://example.com"); 

        Assert.assertEquals("Title of the page", driver.getTitle()); 

    } 

    @After 

    public void teardown() { 

        driver.quit(); 

    } 

} 

Cross Browser Testing Best Practices 

Test with the browsers people use: Test on the most popular browsers for your users. These are Chrome, Safari, Firefox and Edge (global usage stats). 

Testing across Multiple Devices: You also want to make sure that your application is responsive and user friendly on both desktop and mobile browsers. Mobile testing — Selenium that use the same scripts and run it with Appium. 

Test Browser Versions: Only testing on the latest browser version. As there may be even users that are using older versions, you should for sure check compatibility with various versions. 

Automate Repetitive Tasks: No matter how exciting might Chrome DevTools sound to you but it's necessary to minimise the repetitive tasks that you do in order to make browsing easier, and test bibrowsers faster. Selenium: — it is a perfect tool to automate these tests and run them regularly in the process of. 

Use Cloud Testing Platforms: Cloud-based cross browser testing platforms offer hundreds of browsers and devices which save your time and infrastructure costs. 

Conclusion 

Cross browser testing is the key to provide user-friendly experience in all browsers and devices. Cloud-based testing platforms allow you to perform cross browser testing with tools such as Selenium, to catch issues early and maintain that your web application behaves exactly the way a user would expect it to. This way you do not only remain alien to users who prefer other browsers or devices but also cross device compatibility issues to steal the joy of a seamless experience.

[qacraft2016]

How Many Types of Software Testing Are There?

Software testing is a necessary process to ensure that a program or an application works properly. Different testing methods are used to test various aspects of software. View all the types of software testing in detail: 

1. Manual Testing 

When testing by hand, testers look at the software instead of those automated technologies. They mock users clicking through, replacing test cases, and watching what the application is doing. Manual testing is often used early in the development process or when verifying some user interactions or behaviours. 

2. Automation Testing 

In automation testing, we use software tools to execute test cases. Develop scripts that can run tests automatically, and testers do not need to perform all manual steps. Automation testing is faster and offers more productivity benefits when performing tests for larger projects or regular procedures. 

3. Functional Testing 

Why would you write code that does not work as intended? Functional testing tests whether a program behaves as expected. It mainly focuses on certain features or the system's functionality to ensure they work according to requirements. For example, testing a login form using valid and invalid data to see whether it fulfilled its purpose may be part of functional testing. 

4. Non-Functional Testing 

Unlike functional testing, non-functional testing does not test the functionalities of the software; instead, it decides how well the function works. Amongst this is how you test whether or not the software functions and how quickly it does. Some common types of non-functional testing are load testing, performance testing, security testing, etc. 

5. Unit Testing 

Unit testing may also refer to the testing of an individual software module or component. Normally, developers have to write some codes to maintain a code base that is working well, as we are explaining our wish for the code. Similar to testing the individual parts of a building before turning it online. 

6. Integration Testing 

It also talks about how different components/units interact with each other and is specifically referred to as integration testing. When each component has been properly tested, the integration testing then verifies that they run accurately together. 

7. System Testing 

System testing involves doing it for the entire software system to check whether the system meets all specified requirements or not. It takes place after integration testing and is involved in testing the overall working of the system. 

8. Acceptance Testing 

Acceptance testing is conducted to determine whether the software is good for production. It proves that the app can be accepted and adheres to the consumer or end-user requirements. A well-known example of this type of testing is User Acceptance Testing (UAT). 

9. Regression Testing 

For those of you who are unfamiliar, regression testing serves to verify that modifications or enhancements to the code do not adversely impact functionality that already exists. You just know the developers must come in and touch things, so perform regression tests afterward to make sure everything still works as is. 

10. Smoke Testing 

Smoke Testing: A quick way to find out whether the base functionalities of your software are working appropriately. It is commonly performed after a new build to verify that there are no serious problems, which could prevent it from functioning properly. 

11. Performance Testing 

Performance testing assesses the performance of an application over various conditions, i.e., heavy loads or critical data volumes. It simply ensures that it can be run in the real world and identifies any operational choke points. 

12. Load Testing 

Load testing This is what checks how your application works under heavy load. It makes certain that the program won't crash during the processing of millions of users and records. 

13. Security Testing 

The purpose of security testing is to identify the software vulnerabilities that can be maliciously exploited. It is the aim to protect the software in all aspects as well as attacks. Testers check whether passwords are strong enough and data is properly protected. 

14. Usability Testing 

Usability testing offers the satisfaction of software users. They watch real users navigate the software and ask for their opinion on usability. 

15. Compatibility Testing 

Software compatibility is tested to determine whether your software works effectively with any type of hardware, operating system, browser, and version, as well as different configurations. Its access makes it an easy chore for users across all who can use the software. 

Conclusion 

Software testing is a vast field, having numerous types in it and functioning uniquely as well. These tests, on the one hand, aimed at the software's realisation, and on the other, they were about its usability, security, or performance. With the help of these multiple testing techniques, a tester can make sure that the program is reliable, secure, and easy to use even before it hits the market.You should have an understanding of all these types of testing if you are hoping to develop good-quality software meeting user and consumer expectations.

[qacraft2016]

What is Automation Testing?

The automation testing depends on automation tools and scripts, to run test cases on a software application. It will increase the testing coverage and efficiency. Time-consuming and repetitive tasks can be automated which helps to identify errors early on. The process of automation testing includes writing test scripts and run repeatedly without human assistance. On the other hand, it also helps in Regression testing, load testing, and performance testing. The tools utilized for automation testing are Selenium, QTP, and JUnit. By removing human mistakes, automation testing improves test accuracy. 

Overview of Automation Testing:-   

Automation testing plays a vital role in contemporary software development, enabling teams to effectively verify the functionality and performance of their applications. By automating repetitive test scenarios, developers and quality assurance professionals can conserve time, enhance test coverage, and identify bugs earlier in the development process. 

Increased Productivity:- As compared to manual testing, automated testing can be completed more speedily. The tester may regularly run large test suites. 

Greater Accuracy:- Automation ensures uniform and repeatable results by reducing human error and variability. 

Broader Test Coverage:- The tester can run more types of test scenarios with automation, including complex workflows and edge situations that would be hard or impossible to test manually.  

Quicker Feedback Loops:- The development pipeline can benefit from the inclusion of automated tests, that offer real-time feedback on the effect of modifications to code. 

Lower Maintenance Costs:- As well-structured automated tests can adjust to changes in the application's codebase, they require less maintenance than manual testing.   

The Process of Automation Testing   

The automation testing procedure generally consists of the following stages:   

Test Planning:- Determine which test cases, capturing variables like complexity, frequency of execution, and reusability, are suitable for automation. 

Test Script Development:- Based on the application's technology stack, create automated test scripts using specialized testing frameworks or tools like Appium, Cypress, or Selenium.   

Test Execution:- The tester can execute the automated tests in response to code changes or on a schedule, and you can run many test cases at once.  

Results Reporting:- Inclusive reports and describing test results, if these cases fail, the tester needs to do more research and troubleshooting produced by automated testing systems. 

Continuous Integration and Deployment:- Connect the development workflow to the automation process.

[qacraft2016]

Does software testing require coding?

es, But not always, software testing may or may not require coding, here’s the breakdown: 

Manual Testing: Manual testing is a type of testing that is done by the tester who executes test cases manually without going deep into code, or writing any coding script. The tester will follow only the test plan and check for defects based on the functionality of the software, and also check usability and other criteria. 

Automation Testing: Automation testing involves a tester coding, This involves writing code to create a test script that automatically executes a test case based on functionality, this requires coding skills to develop and maintain test script, which helps the tester to test large applications efficiently and thoroughly. 

Test Design and planning: Manual and automation coding is not always necessary. Test design, planning, and execution can be done with the help of test scenarios, which will define test cases and ensure test coverages, without delving into code. 

Tools and Framework: Automated testing uses different tools and frameworks for testing software like cucumber, selenium, JUnit, TestNG, etc, and familiarity with such tools requires coding knowledge. 

Software testing services encompass a wide range of activities that ensure us the quality and functionality of software applications. 

These services are categorized into several types : 

1. Manual Testing:  

Functional Testing: Functional testing mainly verifies the functionality of applications with specified requirements. 

Usability Testing: Assess how user-friendly applications interact with users, 

Exploratory Testing: With the help of a predefined test tester will explore the software application. 

2. Automated Testing: 

Unit testing: Test individual units to find bugs in the application. 

Integration Testing: verifies that when different modules are tested together, to check the functionality of the application. 

System Testing: System testing verifies the complete system as part of the software application and works as per as client's requirements. 

Performance Testing: This testing assesses how the software performs under different conditions. 

3. Security Testing:  

Vulnerability Testing: This type of testing identifies various vulnerabilities in software applications. 

Penetration Testing: This testing will identify security vulnerabilities in software applications. 

Compliance Testing: This testing ensures that software meets regulatory requirements. 

4. Compatibility Testing: 

Cross-Browser Testing: Cross-Browser Testing ensures the tester that our application is working fine on different browsers and does not break the pages. 

Cross-Platform Testing: cross-platform testing ensures that our application is working as expected on different operating systems and does not crash. 

In conclusion, one should have must knowledge when doing automation testing of any application, the tester should have a certain level of knowledge when performing any automation testing, also Manual testing does not require much knowledge of coding it depends on requirements.

[qacraft2016]

Is Cypress a tool or framework?

Cypress is a framework. It supports JavaScipt and TypeScipt. It helps the automation engineer write, run, and debug the test script for web Applications. 

          Cypress is a modern open-source framework designed for end-to-end testing, it is popular for easy-to-use, reliable, fast and interactive. It supports  Chrome, Edge and Firefox. Users can do mobile web app testing also in Cypress. It runs in the same run-loop as your product(application), and it has native access to everything. It also automatically retries failed tests to help avoid irregular tests from failing entire test runs. Cypress can work with any front-end website, Like React, Angular, etc. You can install Cypress by NPM. 

[qacraft2016]

Why is regression testing important?

The Importance of Regression Testing in SDLC:- 

In SDLC, where updates, CI, and rapid deployment are accepted practices, maintaining the stability and reliability of software is an important issue. One fundamental method for addressing that issue is regression testing. Regression testing is the procedure of executing already finished tests to make sure that recently added or modified software isn't hampered by earlier deployed features. Although it might seem difficult, regression testing is an essential element of software quality assurance. It can affect the overall stability of a software application. 

Ensuring Assured Stability and Reliability:- 

Software systems often consist of lots of highly coupled parts that interact in complex ways. A change to one system element that seems minor could result in troubles with another, unrelated component. Regression testing ensures that the changes made or fixed, do not give expression to any new problems in regression testing. 

Identifying Unintended Side Effects:- 

Iterative change to code is an essential component of software development, where developers add new features, increase performance, and fix problems. But there may be a chance that a code update will have unexpected issues, which affect the application. These effects could show up as performance, faulty features of application, or even security weaknesses. To identify these effects before they are introduced into production, regression testing is necessary. 

Regression testing is a powerful tool that development teams can use to identify issues that might not be apparent at first sight. One feature's bug fix may, for example, inadvertently break another, seemingly unrelated feature. By ensuring that these kinds of problems are discovered early in the development process, regression testing helps to avoid later, expensive, and time-consuming solutions. 

Cost-effective bug detection:- 

The cost of regression testing is one of the common reasons, for the benefits of its use by the users. It is much cheaper to identify and solve imperfections early in the development process to tackle errors after the program has been deployed. An issue that finds its way into production could lead to revenue losses, downtime, and ethical harm to the organization. Post-release fixes sometimes call for urgent patches likewise, which can be costly as well as disruptive. 

By identifying flaws before they are put into production, regression testing helps to reduce these risks. 

Assurance in Refactoring Code:- 

Refactoring is the method that helps programmers to modify their existing code without modifying its exterior operation. It is essential for improving code's readability, performance, and maintainability. Run with the risk, though, of causing new issues or harming current processes. 

Regression testing provides the security that we require for starting refactoring. Before and after refactoring, developers can make sure that the refactored code behaves as intended and doesn't cause new problems by doing a series of regression tests. As a result, teams can raise the codebase's internal quality without endangering the program's stability. 

Conclusion:- 

Regression testing is an important part of software development strategy that ensures the quality of life, reliability, and quality of software systems. Regression testing is necessary for present development processes like continuous integration and deployment because it can discover unwanted side effects, maintain software quality, and provide inexpensive issue detection. It provides teams assurance that they need to rework their code, optimizing it and reducing the risk of creating new issues. Regression testing is essential for producing dependable, high-quality solutions that satisfy client expectations. 

[qacraft2016]

Which types of integration testing use stub?

Software testing is a procedure to test software fitment as per requirement. To understand integration testing on stubs, we need to get clear about what a stub is first of all. 

What is stub?  A stub is a piece of code that is used for other programming functionality.  It is used in top-down integration testing. It is used to simulate the behavior of lower-level modules that are not integrated yet. 

UI Layer 

Service Layer: 

Data Access Layer:    1. Start testing with the UI layer:       The UI layer is tested first, then it will get integrated with the service layer.      And we need to create a stub that simulates the behaviour of the data access layer.  2. Testing using stub:       If the data access layer is not implemented yet, we can use stub to simulate the access layer.  

So to conclude,  stub is used in top-down integration Testing process.