RashM

Be limitless

[soy-celeste-deactivated20230905]

Her name is Katalin Karikó. Hungarian. Daughter of a butcher. Her thesis work became the basis of the mRNA vaccine technology. Read the article here.

[luxscientiae-deactivated2024092]

• Her parent's profession is irrelevant to her work.

• Don't say immigrant like Dr Karikó is a rags to riches, "good immigrant", pitiable story of overcoming insurmountable obstacles. Be respectful. She is a brilliant scientist and her research is not determined by her nationality.

•She had earned a PhD in Hungary by the time she was 30.

• Her work is in no way underappreciated, she is the Senior Vice President at BioNTech, the company that came out with the first Covid-19 RNA vaccine. Her work is not just the basis for the Pfizer vaccine, she worked on it too.

• Dr Karikó holds the patents to a large chunk of our Covid-19 mRNA vaccine technology.

USPTO patent applications submitted by and patents granted to Katalin Kariko

•Please acknowledge Dr Karikó's many prestigious awards.

Do not diminish the incredible work of an amazing, dedicated and passionate scientist because you enjoy the idea of a rags-to-riches "success story". Use articles like these as launching pads for your own research.

[studyfor-achange]

^^ reblogging again with these very important additions from @luxscientiae so that Dr. Karikó’s work is properly acknowledged.

[rashm29]

Inspiring ❤️

[rashm29]

Shigella, the most important cause of Bacillary dysentery, that is bloody diarrhea,I repeat BLOODY diarrhea with mucus and all caused by a bacilli which is..shigella. Next time you find dark, almost bloody poo poo in the toilet after a few days of watery diarrhea, severe abdominal cramps and fever, you might guess the cause to be Shigellosis.

Coming to the classification of strains of Shigella, thank the holy God that it is short and sweet ; they can all be differentiated by biochemical reactions as described below or by Slide agglutination test which is basically reacting the sample with antisera which contains antibodies against the peculiar antigens of each serogroup or simply strains.

1. Shigella dysenteriae- the most deadly of all

2. Shigella flexneri- the most common of all

3. Shigella boydii- causes mild disease

4. Shigella sonnei- found in DEVELOPED countries and quite different from the others

Briefly, the pathogenesis of Bacillary dysentery is such that the bacilli cause damage to the submucosal cells, produce deadly toxins both endotoxins and exotoxins, which can affect as far as your brain, which is quite far...from your gut.

Your doctor might suggest to take a sample of your poo poo and not just rectal swabs to make a diagnosis of the disturbing pathogen.

And if you notice and guess correctly that you are suffering from shigellosis, do yourself a favour and drink ORS which is basically water, salt and sugar and go to your doc to get appropriate antibiotics to get rid of them nasty bacilli.

Mind you that there are other causes of bacillary dysentery such as entero-invasive E. coli, Vibrio parahemolyticus, Campylobacter.

Happy studying ❤️

[rashm29]

Salmonella as you may know, causes typhoid fever or otherwise known as enteric fever. Quite the naughty bacilli, it is known to be transmitted from contaminated food and water.

From a medical student's point of view, the various antigens present on the bacteria such as somatic O antigen, H antigen (flagellar antigen), surface envelope antigen (Vi antigen) is used to group different strains of Salmonella, which is also known as the Kauffman White antigenic classification.

Widal's test which is used to detect the antibodies formed against the nasty antigens of Salmonella, is performed specifically after first or second week of infection..since obviously antibodies are produced over the span of 1-2 weeks.

To conclude, typhoid fever is treatable with appropriate antibiotics- ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin or azithromycin. Vaccines are available but provide short time protection and is therefore used for travelers going to endemic area or household contacts to name a few examples.

Happy studying ❤️

[rashm29]

Medical student life made beautiful ✨