The images and gifs from A Step-by-Step Guide to Drawing Syntax Trees, in a format where you can click to enlarge. See the other post for detailed explanation. (Not the exact kind of syntax trees you’re used to? Here’s why.)

#extradirty

⁂
Jules of Nature
KIROKAZE

Product Placement

oozey mess
cherry valley forever

@theartofmadeline
tumblr dot com
Xuebing Du
sheepfilms
Peter Solarz

pixel skylines
Today's Document
let's talk about Bridgerton tea, my ask is open
Game of Thrones Daily

JVL
styofa doing anything

ellievsbear

if i look back, i am lost

seen from United Kingdom
seen from United Kingdom

seen from Austria

seen from Germany
seen from Malaysia

seen from Hong Kong SAR China
seen from United States
seen from Malaysia
seen from Argentina
seen from Türkiye
seen from United States

seen from United States
seen from Netherlands
seen from Brazil
seen from United States
seen from United Kingdom
seen from Malaysia

seen from Argentina

seen from United States
seen from Greece
@razezar
The images and gifs from A Step-by-Step Guide to Drawing Syntax Trees, in a format where you can click to enlarge. See the other post for detailed explanation. (Not the exact kind of syntax trees you’re used to? Here’s why.)
Happy Pride Month! 🌈
Edit: an anon said that “Game Face” is actually about Fallon Fox, a transgender woman.
The obsolete English -k suffix is my new favourite thing (source). It’s also the same -k that derives “hark, hearken” from “hear”.
Letter and next-letter frequencies in English
by Udzu
The best part of this chart is the pseudowords it generates:
Bastrabot
Forliatitive
Wasions
Felogy
Sonsih
Fourn
Meembege
Prouning
Nown
Abrip
Dithely
Raliket
Ascoult
Quarm
Winferlifterand
Uniso
Hise
Nuouish
Guncelawits
Rectere
Doesium
Whigand
Gamplato
Onal
Foriticent
Thed
Euwit
Gentran
Loubing.
(via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWy3_haeCXI)
Nice going Angelica. He was right, you will never be satisfied.
“Five” and “Punch”
This one is a fairly familiar example in linguistics textbooks, but one that is probably surprising to someone not familiar with Indo-European linguistics.
Punch, in the sense of a fruit beverage, is a borrowing from the Hindi pāñć meaning “five”, from the fact that the original version of punch used five ingredients. Numbers, of course, especially small numbers, tend not to be borrowed, and tend to be pretty stable in meaning as well. They therefore provide a perfect class to look at when figuring out if groups of languages are related. The Hindi pāñć descends from Sanskrit páñcan, in turn from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe. In the course of evolving into Sanskrit, short /e/ /a/ and /o/ all merged as /e/, the labiovelars became plain velars (thus kʷ became k) and (before the /o/-/e/-/a/ merger), /k/ became palatized before front vowels, thus, *kʷe became *ke, became *ce, became *ca.
In an early stage of pre-Proto-Germanic, *pénkʷe became *pémpe, a sporadic form of assimilation. Then, under the normal sound changes, particularly Grimm’s Law, *pémpe became Proto-Germanic *fimf. In the Ingvaeonic languages, a small group of West Germanic languages (made up primarily of English, Frisian, and Low German), nasals before voiceless fricatives were lost, with compensatory lengthening, thus, *fimf became Old English fīf, which became Modern English five.
There were two PIE roots that appear to have been closely related to *penkʷe which have also left descendants in English. *pn̥kʷ-sti-s meaning “fist” and *penkʷ-ró-s meaning “finger” The first is the origin of Modern English “fist” and the second is the origin of “finger”. It is plausible that the original meaning of this root had something to do with “fist” or “hand”. Compare, for example, the Proto-Austronesian *lima, which meant both “hand” and “five”.
The development of “fist” from *pn̥kʷ-sti-s was this way: the syllabic non-vocalic sonorants became -uC-, thus PIE *n̥ became Proto-Germanic *un. /kʷ/ (and /kw/, which merged with /kʷ/ early on) lost its labialization (the /w/ sound) in certain contexts, one of which which was when preceded by /u/, including /uC/ sequences. /k/ before an /s/ or /t/ subsequently became /x/, thus becoming Proto-Germanic *funhstiz, which was simplified to *funstiz. This became Old English fȳst, the result of the /i/ in the last syllable fronting the /u/. The vowel was shortened and unrounded to become Modern English fist. There is, however, another possible etymology of Progo-Germanic *funstiz from the zero-grade of *pewǵ- “punch”, in which case the verbal -n- infix would appear along with the suffix *-sti-s
In *penkʷ-ró-s, Verner’s Law caused /kʷ/ to become /gʷ/. Most cases of /gʷ/, whether derived originally from *gʷʰ via Grimm’s Law or *kʷ via Verner’s Law were subsequently lost, with various reflexes depending on environment. Word-initialy, historic *gʷʰ became *b, most likely after Grimm’s Law happened (thus *gʷʰ → *gʷ → *b), but the opposite order is also possible (thus *gʷʰ → *bʰ → *b), while word-medially it generally became either *g or *w. Unstressed /e/ became /i/, thus creating Proto-Germanic *fingraz.
*pénkʷe is also the origin of Ancient Greek pente (as in pentagon) and Latin quinque (as in quintet), both meaning “five”. This connection is more obvious than the Germanic one because there’s only one sound change each: /kʷ/ to /t/ in Greek and /p/ to /kʷ/ in Latin (”qu” is pronounced /kʷ/).
Science Friday kicks off the fourth annual Cephalopod Week!
That’s right … Cephalopod Week is BACK! Starting today and running through June 23rd, we’ll be celebrating all our favorite smart invertebrates. Tune in, and as always share your amazing cephalopod love with us!
Happy National Tap Dance day!
“Butterfly” by Jason Mraz | Choreography & Danced by Anthony Morigerato
Happy National Tap Dance Day!
“Consequence of Sounds” by Regina Spektor | Tap Dance by Anthony Morigerato
Link to the full video | Be sure to follow on @instagram for more @jeffreyvictor
Joanne’s 4th position on-point 💃
📷: Jenny Loren
couldn't fall asleep because this image was so provocative
Just look at her, isn’t she magnificent?!
Artist Walead Beshty Shipped Glass Boxes Inside FedEx Boxes to Produce Shattered Sculptures
cant tell if pretentious or just petty about their experience with fedex
Given how many artists I’ve seen utterly livid about how FedEx and UPS treat packages marked “fragile”, I’m betting on the latter.
Cactus Packing
You like it?
goals
The People vs. Kinder Morgan
Justin Trudeau has made a grave mistake in approving this new pipeline. The Tsleil-Waututh and other First Nations need our help so they can take this fight to the courts.
You can donate to them here.
We need to make our voices and the voices of future generations heard.
NO MORE PIPELINES!
They are currently at 15% of their goal as of November 29th, 2016.
They are currently at 36% of their goal as of Nov 30
They are currently at 74% of their goal as of December 1st, 2016.
Sadly, I don’t see much that court will do beyond delaying the project. From experience, judicial review doesn’t tend to go anywhere.
The only reason the Northern Gateway pipeline is dead because of Court action. First Nations and Environmentalists took the government to court and won:
Northern Gateway pipeline approval overturned
It like Kinder Morgan’s Pipeline was approved, but court action led to its demise.
So yes, this will matter.