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Video Editor Essay
Director Of Photography Essay
Director Of Photography Essay
A ‘Director Of Photography’ or ‘Cinematographer’ works closely with the Director in having a decision on how the movie will look and what the feel of the movie will be. There are a lot of elements that a Director Of Photography has to look at to be able to create the type of movie that they want. The elements that the DOP decides on will contribute to the atmosphere of the movie and the emotions that the audience will feel as they watch it and also be able to convey to the type of genre the movie is. Some of these elements are lighting, framing, location, colour schemes, camera movement, camera angles and how the movie will be filmed.
The Director Of Photography that I will be looking at in this essay is Jeff Cronenweth. Jeff Cronenweth is an American cinematographer who is most known for working on films such as Fight Club, The Social Network, The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo and Gone Girl. For all four of these films, he has collaborated with director David Flincher. There are many technical and symbolic elements that both Cronenweth and Flincher work on in all of these films to express the emotion and atmosphere that they want to get across to the audience and to create a film that is visually interesting.
One of the recent films that Cronenweth and Flincher have worked on together is Gone Girl. This film is a psychological thriller about a man named Nick, whose wife, Amy, goes missing, so the cinematography that has been used reflects the genre and the feel of the film. As the storyline develops, the mood of the film changes as does the way in which the camera moves, the lighting and colour change and the locations change. For example, there are flashbacks throughout the film of Nick and Amy’s relationship, from when they first met to how their relationship developed as time went by. In these flashbacks, especially towards the beginning of their relationship, the lighting and colours seem to be brighter to show their happiness and positive feelings towards each other. Also, in a lot of the flashbacks from the beginning of their relationship, there is always red flowers or red coloured objects around them which connote their love for each other and shows the audience that they were in love. When the film is brought back to the present time, when Amy has gone missing and as the mystery of her absence is unravelling, the colours seem to be darker and duller, to show the sad and tense atmosphere of the film. This shows that Cronenweth has thought deeply about the colours he has used throughout the film to symbolise the feelings and atmosphere he wants to get across which really helps the audience to understand how the characters are feeling emotionally.
As I was watching the film, I also noticed that Cronenweth has used lighting to express the emotions that he wants to get across to the audience to help them to really understand the film and the characters. As this film is a mystery to finding out where Amy is, the police suspect that Nick has something to do with her disappearance; which also makes the audience start to think this also, so from the beginning of the film Nick is lit in very dull light and in a lot of the film half his face is covered by a shadow. This suggests that there is something not quite right about Nick and there is an element of mystery to him; which shows that Cronenweth didn’t want the audience to trust Nick and to make the audience question if Nick has something to do with his wife’s disappearance. This also contributes to the twist in the film where the audience find out that Amy is actually alive and has planned to frame Nick for her murder, so this shocks the audience as they where suspecting that Amy’s disappearance was down to Nick because of the way he is shown throughout the film.
The tone of the colours that Cronenweth uses seem to be similar in a lot of the films that he has done. The colours all seem to be of a greenish and yellowish tone, instead of white colours and bright colours. The tone of the colours all have something to do with the way the film is represented to the audience, so there is a meaning to why Cronenweth uses these colours for a lot of the films. The meaning of the colours all have something to do with the characters emotions and the way that the director wants the audience to feel whilst watching the films.
Whilst researching Jeff Cronenweth, I have found that he shoots on digital. He prefers to shoot on digital as he finds it less problematic and more reliable as, with shooting on film, if it was to get scratched it could mess up the whole thing. Also, he finds that shooting on digital gets a better result in terms of performance. For example, with film, as a scene can only be shot once, the director has to make sure that their actors performance is exactly what they want. However, with shooting on digital, they can re-take a scene three or four times until they get the best performance out of the actors.
Also, I have found that Jeff Cronenweth uses RED camera systems in a lot of the films he has shot. For his latest film, which is Gone Girl, he used an Epic-M Red Dragon which meant that the entire film was shot in 6k. Shooting in 6k allowed Cronenweth to frame for 5k which allowed space for stabilization and repositioning. The cameras sensors also improved the colours of the footage so that Cronenweth could get richer colours out of the details from the highlights and shadows, which helps him to create a more cinematic visual for the audience and express the emotions that he wants to audience to experience when watching the film.
Overall, I have noticed that lighting and colour is very important to Jeff Cronenweth in a lot of films that he has worked on as he uses these elements to create emotion and atmosphere and he uses this as a subtle way so that the audience understand how the characters are feeling.
Props,
Beer
Balaclava
Gun
Brown sack
Crowbar
Broken Bottle
Pipe
ACTORS
Uncle Steve
Uncle Mike
Crowd of people
Mother
Tom Harlow (main Actor)
Pre production
Proposal (scriptwriter) x
Treatment (scriptwriter) x
Location recce (director, prod manger) Samir, Samuel. I
Casting...
Corporate Essay
A corporate video is made to promote a business and make people aware of it. It can be used to target a certain audience and can be watched by anyone, or it can be used within the business. For this assignment, we had to create a corporate video of our own. My group and I decided to create our corporate video on Kismet Kebab Shop in Gravesend, as this kebab shop is owned by Samir’s dad, Suat Belet, so we thought that this was a good idea as it would help promote the business.
As I worked in a group, our job roles were shared and we all had a go at everything, so as well as the other people in my team, my job role was filming, editing and planning. As we shared the job roles, it allowed us all to get experience in everything, instead of just one of us doing the filming, one of us doing the editing and one of us doing the planning.
Firstly, in terms of location scouting, this was simple for us as we knew that we wanted to film our interviews and cover shots in the kebab shop. After speaking with Suat and confirming that filming at Kismet Kebab Shop would be possible, we had a meeting to look in to what should be included in the video to make it as interesting as possible. We decided that we would be including an interview with the owner of Kismet, which was Suat, and possibly one of the employees that worked in the shop. We decided that the interviews should include the history of the shop, the kind of food that they provide customers, what makes the shop appealing to the customers and any elements that makes the shop unique and different from the other kebab shops in the area.
We also thought that it would be a good idea, if it was possible, to include some of the customers opinions on the kebab shop in a section of the video as this would attract other potential customers who have not been to the shop and do not already know what the shop is like, as they would be seeing regular customers who enjoy going to the shop.
As for the cover shots, we wanted to make them look as interesting and as good as possible so that the video would not be visually boring to watch. We decided that we would include cover shots of the shop itself, so establishing shots of the outside of the shop, shots of the inside of the shop, close up shots of the food, shots of the kitchen and where the food is made, shots of food being prepared and cooked, shots of the menu, shots of customers ordering food and shots of the employees working.
Secondly, we had to start the pre – production paperwork. This helped us to plan out our video properly so that we knew what we were doing when it came to shooting the video. We made a treatment that included the idea of our corporate and what we were planning to include in it. This was useful for us to plan our idea properly and was also useful so that we could show our client what was going to be in the video so that they could get an understanding of it as well, and they could make any changes that they wanted if they were not happy with something.
We also made a location recce and a risk assessment. We knew that this was important, especially since we were filming in a small kebab shop, as there is loads of their cooking equipment, as well as our filming equipment, so it could be dangerous if we were not careful and didn’t check before filming.
Whilst we were planning our video, we had to think about the type of demographic we were aiming our video at. As kebabs are enjoyed by all ages, we thought we would aim our video at people aged from 18 – 50 both males and females. This covers a lot of people, but there is nothing in the video that would either attract younger or older people to watch it, it is just made for everyone, so we thought this would be the best target audience.
After we had planned what we wanted to include in the video, we stared the production. We had to decide on what equipment we would be using to film this corporate video and what equipment would be best to use to make the video as interesting as possible. For the interview we needed sound equipment as well as filming equipment. We decided to use the boom pole to record the sound as this is the equipment that we were most confident on and knew how to use, so we thought that this would be the best option. For the interview shots, we used a canon with a 50mm lens as we just wanted a normal interview shot. However, for the cover shots, we decided to use a macro lens as we thought that these would make the cover shots look more visually good.
For the location of the interviews, we decided that we wanted to film them in the kebab shop so that the background of the interviews related to what the video was about. We also thought that we would film the interviews in the morning, as this was when the shop was closed, so there would be no noise from customers or food being cooked. When we got to the location on the day of filming, we looked around the shop and decided that the best place to film this interview was in the actual kebab shop, with Suat standing behind the counter, as he would be when he is serving customers. Ideally, we did want the interview to be in a kitchen with all the kitchen equipment in the background, but after looking at the location the kitchen was too small for all the equipment that we needed, especially all the lights, so we had to pick a different spot. After recording the interview and watching it over when we had got back to the college, we found that we did not have all the right information that we needed and we wanted the interview to include more details about the kebab shop, so we decided to film again.
After deciding to film again, we had planned to film in the same location as we quite liked the interview shot we had before and wanted to create the same one, however, for a number of reasons, it was not possible to film there again, so we had to think of another location. After discussing it as a group, we thought the best place to film would be in a kitchen, as even though it isn’t the kebab shop’s kitchen, we thought that we could create a background that would be similar to it. Also, as we did not get all the detailed information that we wanted from the first interview, we thought it would be best to create a script for Suat to read before, so he had an idea of how to answer the questions in detail and full sentences, so that the audience could get an idea of what question had been asked without including it.
After filming the second interview, we got more information that we had done in the previous interview and we were happy with the answers that we given. This time around, we made sure that we included a code of action at the end of the interview so that potential customers would know how to contact the kebab shop or where to go to the kebab shop if they were interested, which we had not included in the first interview.
However, a few days after we had put the footage on to the computer, we came back to check it. We realised that we had only put the cover shots from that day on to the computer, and not the interview shots, and by then the footage on the SD had been deleted, so the interview shots were lost. So, we then had to arrange another day to film a third interview.
As we also had to edit our corporate video, we wanted a allow a few weeks to do this, so we had to get our interview shots filmed as soon as possible to allow time for editing. So we decided that it would be best to film the interview shots in the college, so that we could get the interview done and start editing that same day so we didn’t lose any time. When we were deciding on locations to film our interview, we realised that there was nowhere in the college that we could use that would create a kebab shop in any way, so we decided to use a room with a plain white background.
After we had filmed and got everything we didn’t, it was then time to start the post production stage. When it came to editing, Samir and I worked as a team. We used Final Cut Pro to edit our corporate. Firstly, we renamed all the cover shots whilst going through them all to check over them and see which ones we would like to keep. We then started to edit the interview. We decided it was best to delete any parts of the interview that we did not want to keep and we thought would not need to be included in the video. After we were happy with all the answers that we had from the interview, we then built the story by moving bits of the interview around and rearranging them to make the interview as interesting as possible. After we were happy with the order of the answers, we then had to decide which cover shots we would be using to hide any jump cuts or any long gaps between the answers to keep it interesting for the audience, we also used cover shots in between some of the answers so that the video would be slightly longer. We wanted to use shots that were relevant to what was being said on screen. After we were happy with the edit that we made, we then had to find the right music that would fit with it. We found traditional turkish music, that was upbeat and fast. This created a nice and happy atmosphere for the video which kept it interesting to watch. We also added some animation at the beginning of the video using after effects. We would have really liked to use a logo, but the kebab shop did not have one, so we couldn’t. So instead we just wrote the title of our corporate and put a simple effect on it to go with the style of the video. We chose the effect that faded out at the end and kind of looked like flames as we were going with the theme of the cooking.
Overall, I think that our corporate video came out well and we have included the basic information that someone would want to know about a kebab shop. I think that we did include the key elements that a corporate video would include, like interesting cover shots and interviews, as well as a code of action and the unique selling point of the company. However, I would have liked to use a few more different cover shots just to make it a bit more interesting. Also, I would have liked to include another interview with one of the employees in the kebab shop, to get a bit more information on it and also their opinion. I think it would have been good to use customers opinions also, as this would attract even more people after hearing the good reviews that regular customers would be giving.
We should have also focused more the kebab shops unique selling point, which was that the food is prepared fresh every day, and got more cover shots of it being prepared, as this would be what attracts customers the most. I think it would have also been better to have a more interesting background in the interviews.
http://youtu.be/EHZ90tuGinc
Budget for music video by Samir Belet and Samantha Langley
My final storyboard
Animation
Today in animation I created the rabbit that I will be using in my animation. Firstly, I removed the background by using the 'magic wand' tool. I then used the fill tool to make the black lines more thicker, and I also filled in the bottoms of the rabbits feet with a pink colour. I think used the paint tool, and painted white over the rabbits mouth. I then got the paint tool and created a circle shape for the mouth. I then made the paint tool smaller and created the tongue in its mouth with a red colour.
Animation
Today in animation I created the background for my animation. Firstly, I created a square and used the 'fill' tool to fill it with the colour blue. I then used the 'paintbrush' tool, and enlarged it so it was the right circle size and then dotted it in different places to make the clouds.
This is my final animation
Music Video Essay One
Music videos are short films that are produced by a production company that work with the artist for one or many of their songs. They are usually created to promote the artist and their song and also produced for creative and visual purposes. They can be narrative and show a visual story to the audience that could show the meaning of the song lyrics, or could be a story that has nothing to do with the actual song. Music videos can be created in many different styles and ways, some of these are:
> 'as live' - this style of music video is real video footage from a live gig or concert that the artist has had. It shows the artist performing the song and also shows the audience watching it at the show. It reflects the atmosphere at the live show by the way in which it is edited, depending on the song. For example, if the song is a rock song, the music video would be edited fast paced and in time with the music, which would give the audience an idea of what it would be like at one of their shows, so in a way it is promoting their gigs also. An example of this would be You Me At Six - The Swarm.
> 'animation (stop motion)' - this style of music video is an animated object or person that moves on its own. All the frames of the video are individually photographed as the object is being moved and then edited together in a sequence. For music videos, if the artist is the one that is going to be in the video, they have to make sure that all the photographs look as if the artist is singing the lyrics, so they have to make sure their mouth is in the right position as if the words are coming out of their mouth.
> 'narrative' - a narrative music video is just a visual story that has been created. It sometimes reflects the lyrics and shows the song meaning, other times it can have nothing to do with the song lyrics. The artist could be in the video and could be acting as one of the characters or an observer watching what is happenng, or sometimes they may not even be in it.
> 'impressionist' - an impressionist music video takes the lyrics literately and the audience is visually shown what the lyrics are saying.
> 'surrealist' - a surrealist music video is unrealistic to life and shows unreal elements in it. They are creative videos that can have nothing to do with what the lyrics mean, and can show any message to the audience.
> 'parody' - a parody music video is a comedic video that is mocking something, which is usually a film. It has to be made in the same style and has to be identical to what it is mocking so the audience can clearly see what is being made fun of.
Director Essay
Tim Mattia
Tim Mattia is a video director that is based between London and Los Angeles. He is signed to Agile Films in London and London Alley in Los Angeles. Some of the videos that he has produced have been shown on a lot of popular music television channels, such as, MTV, 4Music, Kerrang TV, The Hits and The Box.
He has worked with a range of different music artists and different genres, from Pop, Rock and Alternative music. From looking at the artist he has worked with, it looks as if he works more with artist that are of the Rock and Alternative genre, such as, You Me At Six, The 1975, The Pretty Reckless, Fall Out Boy and Slipknot.
The two music videos that have been directed by Tim Mattia that I have chosen to compare are ‘You Me At Six – No One Does It Better’ and ‘The 1975 – Robbers’. The first thing that I have noticed about these two videos is the colour grading in them.
The colour grading that is used in both these videos is quite unrealistic and unique and I have noticed that Tim Mattia uses this kind of colour grading in a lot of his music videos. The colour grading that is used in both the videos creates the atmosphere for them. For example, Robbers is about a couple that rob a shop to get money for their alcohol and drug addiction, so it is quite a dark story and this is reflected in the colour grading that is used. It also makes the video look quite interesting and cinematic and adds to the mood that the director is trying to get across. Also, the shots of the couple in the bedroom have quite a reddish filter to them and also have red lights in the background of the shots, which connotes the love of the couple as red colours are associated with love and affection.
Whereas, in No One Does It Better it is meant to be an emotional song that reflects different peoples stories, some of them show love and some of them show that they have lost someone they love. The colour throughout is quite yellow toned and doesn’t show much colour, which could connote the feelings that the people are feeling in the music video; for example, if it was meant to be happy the colours would be bright and colourful, so as it is quite dull and colourless, so it shows that the feelings in this video are quite sad and emotional and as this is about someone not loving someone else, the colourless affect could connote that there are no feelings there.
Both these video styles are narrative but they also include the artist. In Robbers the lead singer is acting in it, whereas, in No One Does It Better all the band feature in it, but there are actors that are acting out what the video is trying to get across to the audience. I have also noticed that a lot of other music videos that Tim Mattia directs are narrative, so this is the style that he mostly uses. The use of narrative music videos helps to show the meaning of the songs in a creative way that is interesting for the audience to watch.
The composition in both these videos are similar as they are both mostly centre framed throughout the whole of the videos. This kind of framing is used as it makes the audience focus on what is happening in the video. In Robbers, a lot of the shots are medium shots and this is effective to be used in a narrative video as it clearing shows what is happening on screen so the audience can easily follow the video, and it is also close enough to the subjects on screen to show their emotions.
In No One Does It Better, a lot of the shots are close up. This is effective with this video as it shows the emotion on the subjects faces so the audience can easily get an idea of what they feeling and adds to the atmosphere in the video. Also, when the lead singing is performing, a shallow depth of field has been used as he is the only thing that is in focus which makes it easier for the audience just to watch him and focus on him.
Emil Nava
The video that I have chosen to analyse that Emil Nava has directed is Ed Sheeran – Thinking Out Loud. The first thing I have noticed about this music video is the lighting that has been used throughout. There are two spotlights pointing on Ed Sheeran and the actress, which instantly draws the audiences attention towards them and makes the audience focus on their dancing and what is happening on screen. Also, the lighting that has been used to light the room is quite subtle, but as the dancers move around, the audience get a glimpse of it behind them and they can see it reflecting of the stage, so it creates quite a romantic feeling for the music video which reflects the song.
At the beginning of the music video, the women is dancing in front of a red curtain. The red in the curtain connotes romance and love, so it sets the atmosphere of the video and straight away the audience get a romantic feeling from the video.
Also, both Ed Sheeran and the actress are wearing smart clothing that almost looks as if they are dressed for a wedding as the bride and groom. This connotes love as well and this also helps to get the feeling of romance across to the audience.
The shots that have been used in the video are a variety of medium shots, long shots and close ups. The long shots have been used so that the audience can clearly see the dancing that is taking place on screen and they do not miss anything. Whereas, the medium shots have been used for this also, but the audience can also see the emotion of the couples faces which help them to feel the emotion that is being shown in the video. The close up shots have also been used to express the emotion on the couples faces, but it is more intimate for the audience and they get a real understanding that this music video is about love and they can see the happiness of them when a close up is shown.
The music video was shot on a steady cam and it follows the dancers as they move around the ballroom. Not only does this makes the music video more interesting to watch, it also creates a more intimate feel for the audience as it feels like you are in the room with them as they dance. This is affective as it also adds to the romantic feeling that the director is trying to get across in the video.
Throughout the video, the couple are mostly always centre frame. This is because the director wants the audience to focus on them dancing and as they are centre frame, the audience are automatically drawn to watch them. Also, the couple stay in focus throughout the video, so this is also because the audience are meant to be paying attention to them dancing as it is the only important thing that is going on in the music video.
Joseph Khan
The video that I have chosen to analyse that Joseph Khan has directed is Taylor Swift – Blank Space. The shots in this video are very cinematic and interesting for the audience to watch and the way in which they are shot reflects the mood in which the director is trying to get across in each scene of the video. For example, when Taylor Swift and the actor are arguing, the camera moves very fast and unsteady, and follows the way in which they are moving, so it creates the angry atmosphere and the audience can really see what both the actors are feeling.
There are many different shots that have been used in this video which also keeps it interesting to watch. Extreme close up shots have been used to show emotion, for example, when the man first arrives, an extreme close up is used on him; this makes the audience instantly drawn to him and want to keep watching to find out what happens as he looks quite mysterious. Also, extreme close ups have been used when Taylor Swift is performing the song, this is so the audience are focused on her performing, and as she is the artist, all attention is on her. As she is acting in the video, extreme close ups have also been used to show her emotion, as well as her performing, and they have been mixed together to create the narrative.
Long shots have been used throughout the video to show the location. They have been used in the beginning of the video to show the house that Taylor Swift is in, the rooms in it and the garden which gives the audience an idea about the character that Taylor Swift is playing and straight away shows the audience that this character is quite rich.
Also, medium close ups have been used when something is happening on screen so that the audience can see it clearly. For example, it has been used when the couple are arguing, and this shows their emotion on their faces, as well as their actions towards each other. As well as this, centre of frame has also been used throughout the video, this makes it interesting for the audience to watch and makes it look cinematic.
The colours that have been used throughout the video are quite plain colours, like blacks and whites, however, the colour red is seen throughout the video. Taylor Swift is wearing red lipstick all through the video, and in some parts of the video she is wearing red clothes. The colour red stands out even more as all the other colours in the video are plain. The red throughout the video could connote love in the beginning, however, as the video goes on, more red is shown and this could connote the anger and evil that the audience find out about in the end as she turns crazy.
To conclude, I think that all directors have produced interesting videos by using techniques like lighting, the way in which the video has been shot, the colours in the video and the styles of the videos. For my music video, I would like to include some of the things that these directors have included in their videos, such as centre of frame as I think it is very interesting to watch and makes the videos look cinematic. I also think that the lighting that is used is very important to create the kind of mood you want to get across to the audience, so I would like to include this is my music video. The colours, like the reds used, are also important to subtly hint the message or the true meaning of the song that you are trying to get across to the audience, without making it too obvious to them, is something that I would also like to include in my video.
This is what I have completed so far in my animation. I have used the same font as the one in the London Farmers Market slogan so that it matches with it. I have used the fruit that I created in Photoshop over the 'O's' and the 'A' so that it slowly grows and gets bigger to cover the letters. To do this, I used the scale tool in the transformation section of the graphic. I still need to create a background and add more effects.