Aranya sarkar

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Eggs and Health Unveiling the Surprising Benefits

Eggs are a common food item that is consumed by humans and many other animals.

Here are some reasons why people include eggs in their diet:

Excellent Nutritional Profile:

Eggs are packed with essential nutrients, making them a highly nutritious food choice. They contain high-quality proteins, healthy fats, vitamins (A, D, E, B vitamins), minerals (iron, zinc, phosphorus), and antioxidants. This nutrient density makes eggs a valuable addition to a well-rounded diet.

Protein Source:

Eggs are considered a complete protein source as they provide all the essential amino acids our bodies need. Protein is crucial for building and repairing tissues, supporting muscle health, and maintaining a strong immune system.

Weight Management:

Protein in eggs helps promote satiety, which can reduce appetite and calorie intake, leading to better weight control.

Heart Health:

Eggs contain unsaturated fats, including omega-3 fatty acids, which are beneficial for heart health. However, it's still important to maintain a balanced diet and consider individual health factors.

Eye Health:

Eggs are valuable in antioxidants such as lutein and zeaxanthin, which are favourable for eye health.

Brain Function:

Eggs are a reliable source of choline, a nutrient that plays a vital role in brain development and function. Choline is involved in memory, cognitive function, and the formation of neurotransmitters.

Versatility in Cooking:

Eggs are incredibly versatile in the kitchen, making them a popular ingredient. They can be cooked in many ways (boiled, fried, scrambled), used in baking, added to soups or salads, or included in a wide range of dishes, enhancing flavors, texture, and nutritional value.

Cost-Effective:

Eggs are inexpensive compared to many other protein sources, making them an affordable option for individuals on a budget.

Easy to Prepare:

Eggs are quick and easy to prepare, making them a convenient choice for meals and snacks, especially for those with a busy lifestyle.

Here are some popular foods that can be made with eggs:

Breakfast Dishes:

Scrambled eggs

Fried eggs

Omelettes

Egg sandwiches or wraps

Baked Goods:

Cakes (sponge cakes, pound cakes)

Cookies (chocolate chip cookies, oatmeal cookies)

Muffins and quick bread

Pancakes and waffles

Main Dishes:

Egg-fried rice

Shakshuka (a Middle Eastern dish with poached eggs in a tomato and pepper sauce)

Egg salad or devilled eggs

Soufflés and soups

Sauces and Dressings:

Mayonnaise

Caesar dressing (contains raw eggs, so caution is advised)

Hollandaise sauce (commonly used in Eggs Benedict)

Aioli (garlic-flavoured mayo)

Desserts:

Custards and puddings

Ice cream and frozen custard

Tiramisu

Egg-based pastries (e.g., eclairs, cream puffs)

Binding and Coating:

Meatballs and meatloaf

Crab cakes

Quinoa or rice patties

Stuffed vegetables (e.g., stuffed bell peppers)

Benefits of eating eggs:

Nutritional Value:

Eggs are highly beneficial and contain a collection of key nutrients. A large chicken egg (approximately 50 grams) typically provides:

Calories: Around 70-80 calories.

Protein: Approximately 6 grams, including all the essential amino acids.

Fat: Around 5 grams, primarily found in the egg yolk.

Cholesterol: The egg yolk contains about 186 milligrams of cholesterol, but it does not significantly impact blood cholesterol levels for most people.

Vitamins: Eggs are a reliable source of vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folate.

Minerals: They contain minerals like iron, zinc, phosphorus, and selenium.

Types of Eggs:

There are several types of eggs available, depending on the animal species:

Chicken Eggs:

These are the most commonly consumed eggs and are available in varied sizes (small, medium, large, and extra-large).

Duck Eggs:

Duck eggs are bigger than chicken eggs and have a good flavour. They are commonly used in baking.

Goose Eggs:

Goose eggs are larger than chicken eggs and have a higher yolk-to-white ratio.

Ostrich Eggs:

Ostrich eggs are the larger eggs produced by any living bird. They are around 20 times bigger than chicken eggs.

Egg Production:

Eggs are produced by female animals through a process called oviposition. In the case of chickens, hens lay eggs after reaching sexual maturity, usually around 5-6 months of age. They can continue laying eggs for several years, with peak production occurring in the first 2 years.

Eggs are a handy ingredient used in various cooking preparations, such as:

Cooking:

Eggs can be boiled, fried, scrambled, or baked.

Baking:

They are commonly used in baking cakes, cookies, bread, and pastries, as they contribute to the structure, texture, and moisture of the final product.

Binding Agent:

Eggs act as a binding agent in recipes like meatballs, meatloaf, and patties.

Emulsifier:

The proteins in eggs help to emulsify ingredients, allowing oil and water to mix in recipes like mayonnaise and salad dressings.

Safety and Storage:

To ensure safety, it is important to handle and store eggs properly:

Freshness:

Check the date on the egg carton to ensure freshness. Fresh eggs will be submerged in water, while older eggs will swim.

Storage:

Store eggs in their original carton in the refrigerator, as it helps to maintain freshness and prevent absorption of odours from other foods.

Handling:

Wash your hands before and after handling eggs to avoid the risk of contamination.

Cooking:

It is recommended to cook eggs thoroughly to minimize the risk of foodborne illnesses.

Here are some cons of eggs:

Cholesterol Content:

Although dietary cholesterol doesn't have as significant an impact on blood cholesterol levels for most people as previously believed, individuals with certain health conditions, such as familial hypercholesterolemia, may need to limit their intake.

Food Allergies and Sensitivities:

Some individuals may have allergies or sensitivities to eggs, experiencing symptoms such as hives, digestive issues, or respiratory difficulties.

Salmonella Risk:

It's essential to cook eggs thoroughly to reduce the risk of bacterial infection. Individuals with compromised immune systems, pregnant women, young children, and older adults are particularly vulnerable and should exercise caution when consuming eggs.

Environmental Considerations:

Factory farming practices can contribute to issues such as deforestation, water pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. Choosing eggs from sustainable and ethically produced sources, such as organic or free-range eggs, can help mitigate these concerns.

Ethical Considerations:

The intensive farming practices associated with egg production, particularly in industrial systems, can involve cramped conditions and the removal of beaks or other practices that may be considered inhumane.

Individual Dietary Restrictions:

Eggs are not suitable for individuals following certain dietary patterns or with specific dietary restrictions.

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Walking The Simple Exercise with Big Rewards

Walking is a form of movement that involves the use of legs. It’s a wonderful way to maintain your health good. The best part is walking doesn’t require any payment nor you need any equipment for training. Unless you are walking in some other’s private garden lol. Most people learn to walk right from their childhood days. Read on to get more knowledge about walking, it’s benefits and necessary.

Walking Key Points:

Walking Benefits:

It’s a simple yet accessible form of exercise that offers many health benefits. It includes weight management, reducing the risk of chronic diseases, strengthens bones and muscles and overall improves your health bring.

Walking Technique:

Walking involves alternating steps with each foot. The arms swing in coordination with the opposite leg to maintain balance and efficiency. The heel strikes the ground first, followed by the rolling of the foot from heel to toe. The push-off from the toes propels the body forward into the next step.

Walking Speed:

The average walking speed of humans is between 4km/hr and 6km/hr. However, that could vary from person to person — depending on factors such as fitness level, age, terrain, and purpose of walking.

Health Recommendations:

Health organisations such as W.H.O (World Health Organisation) Suggests that adults should engage at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity that includes walking per week.

Walking Aids:

Few people may need walking aid or support for assist. Examples are crutches, canes, walkers, and other devices like prosthetic limbs. These aids provide support and stability as well, and also help to balance.

Walking for Transportation:

It’s one of the most common nodes of transportation for commuting, short distance travel, commuting, or for leisure. Environmentally friendly as well as cost — effective to walk around and less dependency on vehicles and promoting more physical activity.

Long-Distance Walking:

Walking is also possible for long distances. Activities like long distance trials, hiking, trekking etc are popular among people.

Competitive Walking:

There exist other types of walking, such as race and power walking. While race walking comes under Olympic sport with strict rules, Power walking is a less formal activity that aims on speed and fitness and is regularly practised in non — competitive settings.

Remember to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new exercise routine, including walking, especially if you have any underlying health conditions or concerns.

Why do we need to walk?

Walking is an essential activity for several reasons:

Physical Health:

Walking helps to improve cardiovascular health. Also, it improves heart, increase of lung capacity, and boosts blood circulation. Regular walking lowers risk of heart disease, reduces blood pressure, improves cholesterol levels, maintaining healthy weight, and improving bones and joints.

Mental Health Benefits:

Walking release endorphins, a hormone that gives feelings of happiness and well-being. A walk-in nature or green spaces ensures reduce stress and anxiety along with depression.

Weight Management:

Walking is one of the best ways to burn calories and manage weight. It helps to create a deficit of calories and helps to decrease weight loss.

Disease Prevention:

Regular walking reduces risk of chronic diseases. Also helps to prevent conditions like type 2 diabetes, cancer, and age-related issues. Walking reduces the risk of infection as well and also improves health and immune function.

Longevity:

Studies have shown that walking could increase longevity. A walk of 150 minutes per week ensures long lifespan and low chance of premature death.

Accessibility and Sustainability:

Walking is easy and is accessible to all kinds of people. No special equipment required, one can walk anywhere, suitable for people for different age groups. Also, by walking instead of dependency on vehicles, it leads to environmental benefits and reduces air pollution.

Social Connection:

Walking is also a social activity, one can walk with their family, friends etc. Also, it gets a chance for conversations, interactions. Promoting the sense of community.

In summary, walking is not only a basic mode of transportation but also a simple and effective way to improve physical and mental health, prevent diseases, manage weight, and enhance overall well-being. Incorporating regular walks into your routine can bring about significant health benefits and contribute to a healthier and more active lifestyle.

What is the best time for walking??

The best time for walking depends on individual preferences, lifestyle, and goals. Here are some considerations for various times of the day:

Morning:

Walking in morning helps to boost your energy. Morning walks are a fantastic way to enjoy fresh air, peace, and quiet before the day begins.

Midday:

For those who have flexibility on their schedules or having break up on their workday for physical activity, midday walking is best. You will get some sunlight and offers a chance to stretch your legs. However, midday temperatures can be hot in parts of the regions, so stay hydrated and protect yourself from hot temperatures.

Evening:

Evening walks is also good after a hectic day as it allows you to clear mind, encourage relaxation and realising stress. Also, it gets a chance to spend some time with friends or family.

Personal Preference:

It’s upon you at what time works best for you and that fit’s your schedule. Some people may prefer to walk in morning, while others prefer to walk in evening,

It’s important to note that any time of the day can be suitable for walking, and the most important thing is to prioritize regular physical activity. Consistency and finding a time that works for you are key to reaping the benefits of walking.

Which shoes and clothes should be preferred for walking?

When it comes to choosing shoes and clothes for walking, comfort, support, and functionality are key factors to consider. Here are some recommendations:

Walking Shoes

Comfortable Fit:

Choose walking shoes that provides you a comfortable wear to fit.

Cushioning and Shock Absorption:

Look for shoes with enough cushion to absorb impact and provide support of feet. This helps reduce the risk of injuries and provides a comfortable walking experience.

Arch Support:

Get walking shoes with proper arch support to maintain foot alignment and reduce strain on the arches. Different shoes have unique needs.

Breathability:

Look for shoes, usually made up from mesh or lightweight synthetic fabrics as they help to keep your feet cool and dry during longer walks.

Flexibility and Stability:

Walking shoes should be flexible enough to allow natural foot movement while providing stability.

Walking Clothes:

Moisture-Wicking Fabrics:

Choose moisture-wicking and breathable fabrics for your clothing as they are made of polyester or blends with moisture-wicking technology, which will help to keep you cool and dry.

Layering:

Dress in layers, especially in colder weather, so that you can adjust your clothing to your comfort level as your body temperature changes during your walk.

Comfortable and Flexible:

Go for clothing that allows freedom of movement and is comfortable to walk in.

Reflective Elements:

If you plan to walk during low-light conditions or in areas with traffic, consider wearing clothing with reflective accents and its related items to enhance your visibility and safety.

Weather Protection:

Wear appropriate outerwear, such as a waterproof or windproof jacket, to protect yourself from rain, wind, or cold temperatures. Also, consider a hat or sunglasses for sun protection.

Proper Socks:

Look for socks made from synthetic or wool materials that offer breathability and moisture management.

Remember, individual preferences and specific needs may vary. It’s always recommended to try on different shoes and clothing options to find the ones that fit you well, provide comfort and support, and suit your walking style and environment.

Which one is better — walking alone or with groups?

Whether walking alone or in groups is better depends on personal preferences and individual goals. Both options have their advantages, so it’s important to consider what works best for you.

Walking Alone:

Flexibility:

Walking alone allows you the freedom to choose your own pace, route, and duration.

Solitude and Reflection:

Walking alone can provide a peaceful and meditative experience. It gives you time for introspection, relaxation, and the opportunity to clear your mind.

Personal Focus:

Walking alone allows you to focus on your own fitness goals and progress. You can set your own targets, push yourself if desired, and concentrate on self-improvement without distractions.

Flexibility with Time and Location:

Walking alone gives you the flexibility to walk whenever and wherever you choose. You can explore new areas, try different routes, or incorporate walking into your daily routine.

Walking in Groups:

Social Interaction:

Walking with a group allows you to engage in social interaction, conversation and also could be an opportunity to connect with friends, family, or meet new people who have a common interest in walking.

Motivation and Accountability:

When walking with others, you may feel more inclined to stick to your walking routine and push yourself further. The encouragement and support from fellow walkers help you to stay committed and motivated.

Safety and Security:

Walking in a group can provide a sense of safety and security, especially in new or isolated areas.

Variety and Learning:

Group walks may also provide an opportunity to gain experience from others, share experiences, and exchange tips and advice about walking techniques, equipment, and destinations.

Enjoyment:

Walking allows for shared experiences, laughter, and the opportunity to build relationships and strengthen social connections.

The choice between walking alone or in groups depends on your personal preferences, goals, and the specific benefits you seek. You may find a balance between both approaches, incorporating solo walks for introspection and group walks for social interaction. Experiment with different options and find what brings you the most joy and fulfilment in your walking routine.

Additional tips for walking

Warm Up and Cool Down:

Before you start for walking, warm up your muscles with some light stretching. After your walk, slow down by gradually slowing your pace and incorporating static stretches to help prevent muscle soreness.

Proper Posture:

Maintain good posture while walking. Keep your head up, shoulders relaxed, and spine aligned.

Increase Intensity:

If you want to challenge yourself or burn more calories, consider incorporating intervals of faster-paced walking or inclines.

Use a Pedometer or Fitness Tracker:

Consider using a pedometer or fitness tracker to monitor your steps, distance, and progress and achievements.

Stay Hydrated:

Remember to drink water before, during, and after your walk, especially on longer walks or in hot weather. Also carry water bottle.

Pay Attention to Your Feet:

Regularly check your feet for any signs of discomfort, blisters, or irritation, and address them promptly to prevent further issues.

Vary Your Routes:

Explore different routes and environments to keep your walks interesting and prevent monotony.

Listen to Your Body:

Pay attention to any signs of fatigue, pain, or discomfort during your walk. If you feel discomfort, consult doctor.

Dress for the Weather:

Check weather before leaving and wear clothing w.r.t temperature changes.

Stay Safe:

Be safe and stay aware around you while walking.

Remember to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new exercise program, especially if you have any underlying health concerns or medical conditions. Enjoy your walks and make them a regular part of your healthy lifestyle.

Overall conclusion:

· Walking is a wonderful activity that offers numerous physical and mental health benefits.

· In addition to the physical benefits, walking also promotes mental well-being. Walking outdoors in nature provides an extra boost to mental and emotional health.

· Whether you choose to walk alone or in groups depends on personal preferences and goals.

· When it comes to walking, it’s important to wear comfortable shoes and clothing that provide support, flexibility, and breathability.

Walking is a simple yet powerful activity that can improve your overall well-being. So put on clothes and shoes, explore new routes, and make walking a regular part of your healthy lifestyle. Enjoy the benefits of this accessible and enjoyable form of exercise!

Aranya Sarkar

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The benefits of having a good sleep and its impact on work

While you work or you study — you all feel tired at some point in a day, there are many factors behind this and one of them is not getting an enough sleep.

A good sleep-in night ensures you feel refreshed and stay alert when you wake up early in the morning. You must be able to fall asleep easily and then wake up after 7–8 hours of sleep without feeling uneasiness. However, if you are not getting enough sleep, it can affect your — mood, concentration at work, energy levels and ability to focus.

We will discuss here about the reason of not getting good sleep, it’s factors and what can we do from our side for a good sleep.

Why do we need a good sleep?

Physical Health:

Sleep plays an important role in supporting physical health. While you sleep, the body repairs and rejuvenates tissues, gives strength to your immune system, and regulates many physiological processes. It is importance for maintaining a healthy cardiovascular system, metabolism, hormone balance, and optimal functioning of main organs.

Mental and Cognitive Function:

Sleep is closely connected to brain function and cognitive processes. A good night’s sleep ensures concentration, attention, and memory formation, learning and problem-solving abilities. It also supports creativity and emotional regulation, improving overall mental well-being.

Energy and Productivity:

Quality sleep gives the necessary rest and energy to tackle daily activities and with focus. Good sleep ensures productivity, alertness, and decision-making abilities, allowing individuals to perform their best in both professional and personal life.

Emotional Well-being:

Sufficient sleep promotes emotional stability, and a positive mind, contributing to overall mental health and emotional well-being.

Physical Performance and Exercise Recovery:

Athletes and individuals in physical activities require sleep for good performance and recovery. Sleep helps repair muscle tissue, regulate their hormones involved in the muscle growth and repair, and consolidate motor skills and coordination.

Disease Prevention:

A good sleep can reduce the risk of developing various health conditions, that includes obesity, diabetes, certain mental health issues and cardiovascular diseases.

Immune System Function:

Sleep plays an important role for strengthening immune system. Sufficient and quality sleep helps the body fight off infections, viruses, and diseases more effectively, reducing the likelihood of falling ill and promoting faster recovery.

Reasons for not getting enough sleep:

Stress and Anxiety:

High levels of stress or tension can make it tough to relax and fall asleep. Random thoughts and overthinking can keep the mind active, thereby preventing a restful sleep.

Poor Sleep Habits:

Not maintaining sleep schedules, bedtime routines and not following proper sleep hygiene guidelines can affect body’s natural sleep and quality.

Electronic Devices and Screen Time:

This is one of the most common causes of not getting a good sleep. Use of mobile phones, computers or tablets may result in getting a poor sleep. Those blue lights emitted by devices, suppresses melatonin production, and stimulates the brain, thereby making it harder to sleep.

Environmental Factors:

Noise from traffic, high volume tv sounds from neighbours, or snoring partners can disturb your sleep, while bright lights or an uncomfortable mattress along with pillows could make harder for a good sleep.

Medical Conditions:

Sleep disorders like insomnia, restless legs syndrome, or chronic pain conditions can disrupt sleep patterns and prevent good sleep.

Medications and Substances:

Certain medicines or tablets, such as those for allergies, asthma, hypertension, or depression, can affect sleep. Additionally, substances like caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol can disrupt sleep patterns and impair sleep quality.

Hormonal Changes:

Hormonal fluctuations, such as during pregnancy, menopause, puberty, or menstrual cycles, can disturb sleep patterns and make it harder to stay asleep.

Mental Health Disorders:

If you are having Stress, anxiety, hypertension, post-traumatic stress disorder or if you are having bipolar disorder, they can impact sleep quality and may lead to insomnia or extra sleepiness.

Lifestyle Factors:

Unhealthy lifestyle habits, such as excessive caffeine intake, irregular eating patterns, lack of physical activity, or irregular work shifts, can disrupt sleep and negatively affect sleep quality.

Age:

Sleep patterns change with age. Older adults may experience more frequent awakenings during the night and find it hard to fall asleep. Hormonal changes, medical conditions, and certain medications associated with aging may also affect sleep quality.

Consult a doctor if you have problem in sleeping:

Talk to your doctor. There could be a medical condition that is intervening with your sleep.

Identifying and addressing these factors can help improve sleep quality. It may involve practicing stress management techniques, establishing a consistent sleep routine, creating a sleep-friendly environment, managing underlying medical conditions, adjusting medication regimens (under medical supervision), and adopting healthy lifestyle habits. If sleep problems persist, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and guidance.

Best practices for getting a good sleep:

Stick to a regular sleep schedule:

Go to bed and wake up between 6.30–7.30 am, even on weekends. This will help to control your body’s natural sleep-wake cycle.

Create a relaxing bedtime routine:

Have a bath with warm water, read books, or listen peaceful songs. Avoid watching TV or using devices an hour before bed, as these devices can interfere with sleep.

Ensure your bedroom is dark and soundproof:

Darkness helps to promote the production of melatonin, a hormone that helps to get sleep. Make the bedroom as dark and noise free as possible. A cool temperature is also a good idea for getting a good sleep.

Avoid caffeine and alcohol before bed:

Caffeine and alcohol can both interfere with sleep. Caffeine is a stimulant that can make it difficult to fall asleep, while alcoholic drinks could disturb sleep later in the night.

Get regular exercise:

Regular Exercise can help to improve sleep quality although you should avoid exercising too close before bedtime.

Extra tips for getting good sleep:

· Make sure your mattress and pillows are having enough comfort.

· Avoid napping during the day. Napping at daytime will make difficult for you having a good sleep at night. However, if you need a nap keep it short of just 30 minutes only.

· Sunlight helps to control your body’s natural sleep-wake cycle. Make sure to get some sunlight exposure during the day, especially in early morning.

· Complete your task before bed. Avoid doing anything an hour before bed. This includes watching TV, working, or using electronic devices.

· If you can’t fall asleep after 20 minutes, get out of bed and do something relaxing until you feel tired. Sources

Effects on our body if we don’t get enough sleep:

Good sleep becomes priority for your physical as well as your mental health. It helps your body repair itself, consolidate your memories, and regulate your emotions. When you don’t get required sleep, you’re more likely to have:

· Irritability,

· Mood swing,

· Trouble concentrating,

· Increased appetite,

· Weight gain,

· Weakened immune system,

· Increased risk of accident

Long term effects can develop more issues, such as:

· Heart disease,

· Stroke,

· Diabetes,

· Depression,

· Alzheimer’s disease.

Conclusion:

Sleep is essential for both — physical and mental health. It allows our body to rest and repair themselves and also to keep our body healthy. If we don’t get enough sleep, we face a lot of health-related issues. In the long term, chronic sleep deprivation can increase our risk of developing serious health problems, such as obesity, heart disease, and diabetes.

Written by Aranya Sarkar

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Vande Bharat Express - The new era of travelling in Indian Railways

There was a time when we used to dream about Bullet Train running in India. Well, as of today the construction of India’s first bullet train is going on a fast pace between Mumbai and Ahmedabad. It’s a long way to go, but there is already a trainset running, equivalent to bullet train, known as the “Vande Bharat Express.” Read on to find out more about this train.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------Introduction About Vande Bharat:

The Vande Bharat Express (Formerly Train18), is an emu (electric multiple – unit) train being managed by Indian Railways. This train comes under semi high-speed category that can achieve speeds up to 160 km/hr. The first train was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on February 17,2019 that is running from New Delhi to Varanasi.

It has become popular among passengers as well as critics. They make sure to click photos of this train, especially near cabin. And the train is being praised for its speed, comfort level, amenities, and other features. This train is also behind the reason for boosting tourism in India.

As per the plan, gradually more Vande Bharat train services would be introduced in the coming years. As per the Indian railway’s expectations, these trains will play a lead role in improving the travelling experience for passengers.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------Additional details about Vande Bharat Express:

The train has 16 coaches in total, 14 ac chair cars and 2 ac executive chair cars.

There are also 8 coacher Vande Bharat trains, Coach composition - 7 ac chair cars and 1 ac executive chair car.

The capacity of carrying passengers in 16 coacher is 1,128 while for 8 coacher it is 530.

Top speed of this train is 160 km/hr.

Vande Bharat has been introduced as to cover the two major cities within a day’s time, a concept similar to Shatabdi express.

For instance, the train journey between Mumbai Central and Gandhi Nagar is 6 hours and 25 minutes.

Ticket fare for ac chair car is ₹1255 and ₹2435 for executive ac chair car.

It is a significant achievement for Indian railways. Vande Bharat is a symbol of India’s upgrading technology and is committed to provide the world class services to its citizens.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------History of Vande Bharat:

It was in 2016 when Indian railways decided to develop a new semi high – speed train. The codename for this project was called as “Train 18”.

Integral Coach Factory (ICF) in Chennai took the responsibility for developing Train18. Manufacturing of train coaches and train sets takes places here, also known as the railway manufacturing unit in India. This coach factory has developed and designed several trains, some of them are – Rajdhani, Durunto, Shatabdi etc.

It took around 2 years to develop Train18. Thereafter a number of trials was performed by Train18, and the trials was successful. Later, the train was cleared for commercial runs and the first Vande Bharat express ran on February 2019 by prime minister Narendra Modi.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------Vande Bharat 2.0:

Vande Bharat 2.0 is the upgraded version of Vande Bharat express – the semi high speed train that was introduced in India in the year 2019. The new trains have good number of improvements such as: -

A lighter design, making the train faster and fuel – efficient.

The train is equipped with Train Collision Avoidance System (Also known as KAVACH), and other new safety features.

Improvement in passenger amenities that includes – large seats, more legroom and better air conditioning.

The first “Vande Bharat 2.0” was flagged off by Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi on September 30th, 2022, Between Gandhinagar and Mumbai Central. The introduction of Vande Bharat 2.0 is a major step forward for Indian Railways, and it is expected to provide a much-needed boost to the country's transportation sector.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------Design of Vande Bharat:

Each coach has its own motor and is powered by distribution traction power technology. This allows the train to accelerate and decelerate quickly and to reach the maximum speed.

It is the aerodynamic design that makes it famous among people. The Vande Bharat is shaped like a bullet with a smooth and rounded front that will help to reduce the air resistance. This makes train to run with more efficient and will also help to reduce the noise pollution.

The interior of Vande Bharat is designed to provide passengers more comfort. The seats are made of leather and are arranged in 3 + 2 seat configuration for ac chair car and 2 + 2 seat configuration for ac executive chair car. Plenty of legroom is provided and the seats are reclined to provide more comfortable ride.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------Amenities / Services provided in Vande Bharat Express:

Automatic doors: This train has automatic sliding doors that opens and closes at each station. This makes easy for passengers to enter and exit the train, and also helps to reduce risk of accidents.

Power outlets: Each seat has power outlet so that passengers can charge their devices on the train during journey.

LED lighting: The train is equipped with LED lights that provide a comfort atmosphere for passengers.

Bio – vacuum toilets: The train has bio vacuum toilets that uses less water and are more friendly than traditional toilets.

Revolving seats: The executive ac chair seat can be rotated to 180 degrees, and passengers can face each other during the journey.

Wi – Fi connectivity: The train is equipped with Wi – Fi.

Food: Food services are avaible.

The Indian government is working to improve the track conditions, signalling system, and weather conditions in India. This will help to increase the speed of trains, including the Vande Bharat Express. The train has been a major success, and the Indian government is planning to upgrade the train in the future.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------Future upgrades of Vande Bharat:

Increased speed: The government is planning to increase the speed of the Vande Bharat Express to 200 kmph. This will make the train the fastest train in India.

Improved safety features: The Indian government is planning to improve the safety features of the Vande Bharat Express. This includes installing a Train Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) and a Driverless Train Operation (DTO) system.

New amenities: The Indian government is planning to add new amenities to the Vande Bharat Express. This will include installing Wi-Fi, power outlets, and entertainment systems in all coaches.

Use of lighter materials: The use of lighter materials, such as aluminium, could make the train even faster and more fuel-efficient.

Installation of solar panels: This could help to reduce the train's reliance on fossil fuels.

Integration with other modes of transportation: The train could be integrated with other modes of transportation, such as buses and metro systems, to provide a memorable travel experience for passengers.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------The future of the Vande Bharat Express is bright. The train has the potential to revolutionize India's transportation sector and make it easier and more convenient for people to travel around the country.

-Aranya sarkar

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Five places one should visit this monsoon season

Pic credit to owner.

Summer season is almost over, and monsoon season is about to arrive by June 2023. Many people love to travel during rainy season, such as hill stations, waterfalls, or any other places. Here are top 5 places that you would love to travel during monsoon time in India.

Here we go!

  Lonavala, Maharashtra

Lonavala is one of the popular tourist spot among mumbaikars. It is a hill station located in Sahyadri mountains, Maharashta, India. The place is known for its greenery and scenic beauty, which gets enhanced during the monsoon, making it one of the famous tourist spots.

Best time to visit: June – September

How to reach lonavala?

By Road:

Lonavala can be accessed easily by road as it is situated on Mumbai Pune Expressway that connects Mumbai and Pune. You can reach lonavala by taking private car, taxis, or buses. State transportation buses are also available for travelling. To reach lonavala, the distance from Mumbai is 83 kms(approximately) and from pune it is 66 kms(approximately).

By Train:

Lonavala has its own railway station and several long-distance trains halt here. There is also a local train (emu) service between lonavala and pune. The journey from mumbai-lonavala takes 2 hours, while pune-lonavala takes almost one hour.

By Air:

Nearest airport to lonavala is from pune almost 65 kms away. From pune, one can hire taxis or buses to reach lonavala.

Once you arrive - local taxis, buses, auto rickshaws etc... are available to explore town and nearby attractions.

Hotels in lonavala:

There are many hotels and accommodations available n lonavala, depending on your budget.

Here are some of the hotels as per google maps:

·      The lagoona resort

·      Rajdhani Resort

·      Le Papillon

·      Riverdale resort

·      Hotel metropark

Visit this link to get more information about hotels in lonavala:  https://rb.gy/pt9gb

Places to explore in lonavala:

There are many places to explore, top places to visit include:

1.    Bhushi dam: It is a popular tourist spot known for cascading waterfalls and picturesque surroundings.

2.    Tigers/Lions point: These vantage points provide wonderful views of the surrounding valleys, hills, and lush green landscapes.

3.    Kune Falls: One of the highest waterfalls in Maharashtra, with a three-tiered drop. During the monsoon, the waterfall is at its full pace, with water coming down from a height amidst lush greenery.

4.     Rajmachi Point: Located near the Rajmachi Fort, this point offers panoramic view of Sahyadri mountain range, valleys, and waterfalls.

5.    Lonavala lake: This lake in Lonavala becomes even more serene and charming during the monsoon season.

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2.  Munnar, Kerala

It is a hill station located in the Western Ghats of Kerala, South India. Known for its scenic beauty, tea plantations, and landscapes, Munnar is a popular destination among tourists, nature lovers, and those seeking a calm place.

Best time to visit: July – September

How to reach Munnar?

By Road: Munnar is connected to various cities in kerala and nearby states. Take a bus, hire taxi, or even you can drive your own private vehicle to reach Munnar. State transportation and private buses operate their fleets from cities like Kochi, Trivandrum, Bengaluru (Bangalore) to Munnar. However, do note that roads to Munnar have steep climbs and curves, so do drive cautiously.

By Train: Aluva is the nearest railway station to reach Munnar, approximately 110 kms away. From station, take a taxi or bus to Munnar. The journey by road may take 3 – 4 hours.

By Air: The nearest airport is Cochin international airport to reach Munnar. Hire taxi or catch a bus, journey time will be around 3-4 hours, depending on the traffic or road conditions.

By tourist bus: Many tour operators and travel agencies provide package tours to Munnar. This includes – transportation, accommodation, sightseeing activities etc.

It is advisable that once you reach here – Arrange a local vehicle such as taxi or take a local bus to explore in and around Munnar.

Hotels in Munnar

Here are some hotels in Munnar you could consider for stay:

·      Clouds valley leisure hotel

·      Grand plaza Munnar

·      Hotel Emerald Inn

·      Edens Resort Munnar

·      Bellmount resorts

Visit this link to get more information about hotels  in munnar: -  https://rb.gy/kglm6

Places to explore in Munnar:

The must-see places in Munnar include:

1.    Tea plantations: Munnar is known for its vast tea plantations. The tea gardens provide stunning views, and you can learn here about tea making process.

2.    Mattupetty Dam and Lake: Mattupetty Dam is a popular tourist destination in Munnar. Built on Mattupetty late, this dam shows jaw dropping views of surrounding hills, valleys, and lake itself. Boat rides are available.

3.    Attukad Waterfalls: It is a scenic waterfall that is located between Munnar and pallivasal. Water cascades down from the height of the rocky cliffs, and lush greenery. The monsoon season adds more scenery on it.

4.    Echo point: A tourist spot in Munnar where you can experience echo sound. Shout out any word, and you will hear it back.

5.    Blossom international park: This park offers a variety of activities such as boating, cycling, nature walks etc. Also provides a peaceful atmosphere for relaxation.

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3.    Meghalaya, India

It is a state located in the northeast region of India. Known as the "Abode of Clouds," The state is known for landscapes, hills, waterfalls, and vibrant culture.

Best time to visit: June – November

How to reach:

By Road:

Meghalaya is well-connected by road to nearby states like Assam, Tripura, and Mizoram. National as well as state highways connect Meghalaya to various cities and towns. You can travel by bus, hire a taxi, or drive your own vehicle to reach Meghalaya. State-transport and private buses operate regular services to Meghalaya from neighbouring states like Assam and other nearby destinations. Shared cabs, also known as shared taxis or Sumos, are a popular mode of transport in the region.

By Train:

 The nearest railway station to reach Meghalaya is Guwahati Railway Station in Assam and is well-connected to major cities in India. You can hire a taxi or take a shared cab to reach various parts of Meghalaya. Journey by road takes 3 – 4 hours.

By Air:

The nearest airport to Meghalaya is Lok Priya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport in Guwahati, Assam. From airport take a taxi or cab to reach Meghalaya. Shillong in Meghalaya has its own domestic airport, Umroi Airport and is connected to some cities in India.

Hotels in Shillong, Meghalaya:

Depending on your budget, here are few options:

·      Hoel Barbareek

·      Zostel Shillong

·      The Habitat Shillong

·      The Shillong Hills Guest House

·      Hotel Abode Shillong- The Residency

Visit this link for more information about hotels in and around Shillong: - https://rb.gy/ytikq

Places to explore:

Meghalaya offers various places to explore.

1.    Shillong: Visit attractions like Ward's Lake, Shillong Peak, Don Bosco Museum, and explore the markets of Police Bazaar.

2.    Cherrapunjee (Sohra): Cherrapunjee offers attractions like the living root bridges, Nohkalikai Waterfall (India's tallest plunge waterfall), Seven Sisters Falls, and the panoramic views from the Eco Park.

3.    Dawki and Umngot River: Dawki is known for the crystal-clear waters of the Umngot River. It is located on India-Bangladesh border.

4.    Nongriat Village and Living Root Bridges: Trek to the remote village of Nongriat to witness the awe-inspiring living root bridges.

5.    Balpakram National Park: Located in the South Garo Hills district, This Park is known for its diverse wildlife, including elephants, tigers, giraffes, and rare species like the golden cat and red panda.

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4.   Valley of flowers, Uttarakhand

Valley of Flowers is a scenic national park located in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand, India. Famous for its flora and fauna, a must visit for nature lovers and botany enthusiasts.

Best time to visit: July – August

How to reach:

By Road:

Govindghat is the base camp for trekking to the Valley of Flowers and is well-connected by road to major cities in Uttarakhand. You can reach Govindghat by taking a bus or hiring a taxi from cities like Rishikesh, Haridwar, Dehradun, or Joshimath. Regular bus services are available from Rishikesh and Joshimath to Govindghat.

By Train:

The nearest railway station to reach Valley of Flowers is Rishikesh Railway Station, which is well-connected to major cities in India. You can take taxi or take shared cab to visit Govindghat. The distance between Rishikesh and Govindghat is approximately 275 kilometres   and by road the journey time will be 9 – 10 hours.

By Air:

The nearest airport to visit Valley of Flowers is Jolly Grant Airport in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. You can hire a taxi or take a shared cab to reach Govindghat, the starting point for the trek to the valley. The distance between Dehradun and Govindghat is approximately 295 kilometres, and it takes around 12 hours by road to cover the distance.

Trek to the Valley of Flowers

Once you reach Govindghat, you need to start the trek to the Valley of Flowers. The trek is approximately 17 kilometres long and takes around 4-6 hours, depending on your pace. As you pass by, you can see landscapes, river crossings, and villages like Ghangaria.

Hotels in Valley of Flowers:

Here are some hotels you can consider:

·      The Tattva - A Boutique Resort

·      Ganga Resort Govindghat

·      Himalayan Abode Luxurious Homestay, Joshimath

·      Camp valley of flowers Ghanghria

·      Bhajan Ashram Badrinath

Visit here for more information about hotels in valley of flower: - https://rb.gy/iu9bg

Advisory tips before going to valley of flowers:

Entry Permit: You need to obtain an entry permit from the Forest Department at the time of  entry point in Govindghat. The permit is valid for specific time, usually few days, and is subject to rules and regulations to protect the fragile ecosystem.

Best Time to Visit: It is open to visitors from June to October, with the peak blooming season occurring in July and August. It is advisable to plan your visit during this time to witness the maximum floral display. The weather conditions are pleasant during this period, with clear skies and mild temperatures.

Accommodation: The base camp at Govindghat offers various accommodation options, like guest houses, hotels, and campsites. Ghangaria, which falls along the valley, also provides lodging facilities for trekkers. It is recommended to make advance reservations, especially during peak season, as the number of accommodations are limited.

Places to explore:

1.    Valley of Flowers National Park: This main attraction is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Explore the vast area carpeted with a colourful array of alpine flowers, enjoy the panoramic views of snow-capped mountains, and enjoy yourself in the serene ambiance of this valley.

2.    Hemkund Sahib: Hemkund Sahib is a Sikh pilgrimage site known for its gurudwara (Sikh temple) and a glacial lake. The lake is surrounded by towering peaks offers a spiritual experience. The trek to Hemkund Sahib is considered a significant pilgrimage for Sikhs and is an enriching experience for all visitors.

3.    Ghangaria: It is a small village located on the way to the Valley of Flowers. It serves as a base camp for trekkers and offers accommodation options, restaurants, and shops. Spend some time exploring the village and interacting with the friendly locals, experiencing the local culture and hospitality.

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5.  Udaipur, Rajasthan

Udaipur, often referred to as the "City of Lakes" or the "Venice of the East," is a popular tourist destination located in the state of Rajasthan, India. Known for its rich history, architectural marvels, beautiful lakes, and royal heritage, Udaipur offers a captivating blend of culture, art, and natural beauty.

Best time to visit: July – August

How to reach Udaipur:

By Road:

Udaipur is well-connected to nearby cities and towns via a network of well-maintained roads. You can reach Udaipur by buses or taxis from cities like Jaipur, Ahmedabad, Jodhpur, and Delhi. The journey by road offers picturesque views of the Aravalli hills and the countryside. Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation (RSRTC) operates regular bus services to Udaipur from major cities within the state and neighbouring states. Deluxe and semi-deluxe buses are available for a comfortable and affordable transportation journey. The city can be easily reached by car from nearby cities and states. National Highways connect Udaipur to major cities like Jaipur, Ahmedabad, and Mumbai. You can either drive your own private car or hire a taxi or cab for a convenient and comfortable journey

By Train:

Udaipur City Railway Station is well-connected to major cities in India, including Delhi, Mumbai, Jaipur, Ahmedabad, and more. There are several trains, including express and superfast trains, that serve Udaipur. Once you arrive at the railway station, you can hire a taxi or take a rickshaw to reach your accommodation or desired location in the city.

By Air:

The Maharana Pratap Airport, also known as Udaipur Airport, is well-connected to major cities in India. Several domestic airlines operate regular flights to and from Udaipur. From the airport, you can hire a taxi or take a pre-paid cab to reach your desired destination within the city.

Hotels in Udaipur:

Depending on your days of stay and budget, here are few hotels:

·      Radisson Udaipur

·      Hotel Hilltop Palace

·      Hotel Candlewood

·      The Lake View Hotel, On Lake Pichola

·      Dreamyard Udaipur

Visit here for more information about hotels in udaipur: - https://rb.gy/g1b7a

Places to explore:

1.    City Palace: A magnificent palace complex located on the banks of Lake Pichola, It is a splendid blend of Rajasthani and Mughal architectural styles. It offers stunning views of the lake and surrounding areas and houses museums, courtyards, gardens, and opulent rooms highlighting royal artifacts.

2.    Lake Pichola: One of the most picturesque lakes in Udaipur, this lake offers boat rides that allow you to admire the stunning landscape and visit the iconic Lake Palace (Jag Niwas) situated in the middle of the lake. Sunset boat rides on Lake Pichola are particularly enchanting.

3.    Jag Mandir: It is a beautiful place that offers a pleasant view of the lake. It is a perfect place to relax, enjoy the tranquil surroundings, and explore the ornate architecture.

4.    Fateh Sagar Lake: This Lake is famous for its beautiful surroundings and three small islands. You can enjoy boat rides, visit the Nehru Park on one of the islands, and capture stunning views of the lake and the Aravalli hills.

5.    Jagdish Temple: It is a large and beautifully carved temple dedicated to Lord Vishnu. Known for its intricate architecture and spiritual significance, attracting devotees and visitors alike.

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Monsoon travel tips:

·       Check weather forecasts.

·      Pack appropriate clothing.

·      Protect your belongings.

·      Stay hydrated.

·      Be cautious of waterborne diseases.

·      Stay away from flooded areas.

·      Stay informed about transportation disruptions.

·      Drive with caution.

·      Respect nature and local advice.

·      Lookout for travel alternatives.

-    Aranya Sarkar

   Note: All pic credits to owners used in above blog.

[sarkarvibes007]

Keeping up with technology — Biometric attendance system

In the era of business evolution, time is money and in the present scenario, it is important for the businesses to find ways of reducing the wastage of time. Not just businesses, but even also the corporate offices, startups have their priorities to increase their revenue and to provide the best services to the clients, they need their employees to work effectively and efficiently. That’s where the biometric attendance system comes to the point, a proven technology to enhance the productivity of the employees. Today, we are going to learn about how biometric works and why it is important for each organization to use it.

Introduction:

Let us first understand what biometric attendance system is. It is a technology that is used to gather information about the employee entry time and exit time. Every organization needs to have it as it ensures the verification of each employee working on the desk. The system uses the sensor technology by asking the employee to scan their fingerprints, eyes, iris, or hands etc. Managers can collect data by using for various reasons such as to create attendance records, salary pay, leave pay etc… (Depends on organization to organization).

They are used commonly and much better than the traditional attendance systems like attendance book, badges etc. With biometric attendance system in place, employees can work on positive note, and in turn, would increase work productivity. It also saves money and time when many people work in different times and in multiple shifts.

With this system in place, it is also possible to give access to those employees working in restricted areas or places, thereby putting the system safe and secure. In the process, it also confirms the identity of the employee.

Features and advantages of using biometric attendance system:

1)Elimination of ghost punching:

Biometric attendance systems will only accept registered employees to punch. When an employee tries to punch for another employee, the system will detect it and will show as fraud. Also, one cannot duplicate the biometric data of employee, bringing down the fraud cases in the organization.

2)Enrolment of new employees:

When a new employee joins, he/she gets registered for using biometric attendance system. The software identifies each employee using the face, iris, or fingerprints. This makes easier to manage attendance records, thereby reducing the fraud risks.

3)Employee/Users load capacity:

When the organization has large numbers of employees working, managing them can be a bit challenge. The biometric attendance system ensures that it can store their information and can authenticate many employees.

4)Accurate payment:

With the records of employee’s arrival and departure gets generated in biometric attendance system, the employer can get to know which employee has worked how much, overpayment dues etc. and can pay them accordingly.

5)Mobile app for attendance:

With the advancement of technology, employees can download mobile application to manage their attendance. Makes it easier for employees to apply for leaves, emergency leave requests, check in/out logs etc.

6)Increase in productivity and employee accountability:

When employees save time and feel overwhelmed, he/she will work with increase in productivity, thereby creating a healthy work environment. It will also help businesses to increase their revenue.

Also, an employee can be held accountable in case of unscheduled breaks, too much taking gap, buddy punching etc… thereby ensuring employees to follow rules.

Factors:

1)Always look for durability:

Look for those devices which are long lasting and can work in hot or cool temperatures, depending on your surroundings. There may be too many dust and dirt particles in case your organization is working near road or a under construction building. Keep these factors in mind before purchasing the software so that the biometric system can work properly.

2)Have Support:

In some cases, you may need assistance in case the device isn’t working properly, or there are some software issues. Lookout for those companies which would provide online as well as offline support.

3)Internet connectivity and system updates:

A common scenario, internet connection is required for biometric machines to work. Updating the system regularly and removing bugs in future updates is crucial for biometric attendance system to work efficiently, hence internet connectivity is required for the same.

4)Data backup: Hr or senior manger may want data about the past data of employee data arrival and departure time, maybe for appraisal and promotions. In such a scenario, data backup is necessary in the form of hard drive, through external cables like usb.

Conclusion:

Biometric attendance system is beneficial in many ways and is much better than the old systems. It reduces the manpower and saves a lot of time, thereby increasing the employee’s productivity. Find which biometric attendance system suits your organization and go for it.

-Aranya sarkar

[sarkarvibes007]

Simple guide of how to invest in stock market

Whether you work as a freelancer, in a company or you have a business - there is one goal that is to make money. We all want to save money and we keep our hard-earned money to banks - mostly in Fixed Deposits (FD). However, most of the banks gives low return w.r.t interest rate and hence your money isn't likely to grow more as per your expectations. However, you may have heard about "stocks', "mutual funds", "shares", etc and other related terms quite a bit in news, YouTube etc. today we are going to learn about these all-in details. Although I will try my best to keep in short for your better understanding.

Investment:

In simple terms, investment is an asset or to buy something with an aim to generate income or to expect more returns. For example, if Vikram invests purchase a plot of Rs just 1 lakh today, that same plot price will be increased in near future due to increased demand. However, it depends on various factors such as where the plot is located, population, infrastructure etc.

It depends upon which form of medium you choose to invest - it could be stocks, bonds, mutual funds, etc. or any other type of investments. However, you must also know that there can be risk too, i.e., you could lose your money if you don't invest it properly. So, study the market regularly and invest only if you can afford to lose.

Stocks:

Stocks are basically shares of ownership in company/organisation. A share on the other hand, can be defined as a portion of ownership or a percentage in a company. For example, let's say tcs is listed on stock market and it's each share cost is Rs 2000/. So, if you buy 3 shares, u automatically become a shareholder or own a portion of tcs company.

Equity:

Simply put, equity means how much stake an investor is having in the company. Generally, it’s the owner that has the largest stake. It can be also defined the capital amount invested overall or how much share is owned by the owner.

Stock market:

It’s the place where many companies trade. Both the players – the buyers and sellers come together under one platform and trade in share market. The market gives the detailed information that investors require post purchasing a share from a company.

Initial Public Offering:

It is a process wherein a company becomes public from private company. Reason companies launch an ipo is to generate capital for the company to further expand its business. Once ipo session ends, shares get listed on exchange companies. After listing, one can buy and sell shares.

Exchange companies:

In India, National stock exchange and the Bombay stock exchange are the two exchanges wherein buying and selling of shares takes place. When a new company get’s listed, they become public companies.

Indices

There are two major Indices in India.

Sensex (Comprising top 30 companies of India according to their market cap) 

and Nifty 50 (Comprising top 50 companies of India according to their market cap).

In both the indices top 30 companies are common. 

So mostly both the indices move in the same direction.

There are also some other indices like, BANK NIFTY (comprising top private and psu banks), 

FINNIFTY (comprising Top private and psu banks and financial institutions) 

Nifty IT (comprising Top IT companies) 

Nifty metal index( comprising Top metal companies)

Nifty India consumption (comprising FMCG and other consumption related companies)  

Nifty Pharma index (comprising Top Pharma companies)

Nifty Auto

(Comprising top Auto mobile and auto anicilliary companies)

Nifty Realty, Nifty Infra, Nifty Energy,

Nifty next 50, nifty midcap index, Nifty small cap index and so on..

Please remember each company has different weightage in every indices 

For example, the reliance in india or macbook in usa have  majority of weight thanks to highest float shares. This method will be considered as one of the best method for traders because they know the value of liquidity in stocks.

where as HDFC Bank  is 2nd with 9.23% weightage where as BPCL with 0.43% and Hero Motocorp with 0.42% are the 2 lowest weightage nifty constituent.

Same logic is applied for other indices too.

SEBI:

Security and exchange board of India was established in 1988 to protect investors from frauds, to promote development and regulate trading market, recognising brokers and agents etc...

Working of stock market:

When you want to buy a public listed stock from stockholders, transactions happen on stock exchanges. They find buyers and then matches with seller, and for each trade they charge commission.

Steps to invest in stock market:

Now that have you got basic idea how stock market works, investing here is quite simple. Follow these steps:

Step 1: Open a demat account and get it linked to your bank account for carrying out transactions. This account is used to hold shares and securities in an electronic form, just like bank accounts.

Step 2:  Register your demat account either through mobile based apps or through web platform.

Step 3: After successfully registering and providing necessary documents, you can start trading. (See which documents are needed after step no 5)

Step 4: Pick a stock of your choice you want to invest. Just make sure you have enough money to buy those shares you want to buy.

Step 5: Buy the stock as per the listed price and specify the number of shares.

Documents needed while opening demat account:

·      PAN card

·      Aadhaar card

·      Bank account

·      Passport

·      Driving license

·      Any other documents issued by state/central government.

Note: - Your Aadhaar card and pan card must be linked together as per the central government’s rule.

Trading apps in India:

There are many apps in India you can choose. Groww, Zerodha and Upstox are some of the examples trading platforms. I use Groww app for trading.  However, I would recommend doing your own research before going for these apps.

 I use groww app and if you want to use kindly refer this link: -https://app.groww.in/v3cO/d4ffpd9i 

Taxes on investing in stocks:

There are 2 types of capital gains:

1)Short term capital gain (STCG):

It can be termed as a profit earned from shares or investment, that has been held for just one year or less.

2)Long term capital gain (LTCG):

If your investment holding period is more than one year, it will come under LTCG. If selling price of your shares is more than purchase price, that will be counted as long term capital gains. When the shareholder earns more than 1 lakh after selling shares, a tax of 10% will be levied depending on the income slab.

Intraday:

Simply put, intraday means buying and selling stocks on same trading day. Also known as day trading. If you are confident enough, you can go for it.

Factors before going for stock market investment:

1)Objectives:

Everybody has aim, so does you. Identify your financial goals and then buy stocks, depending on your needs.

2)Risk bearing ability:

Buy only those stocks you can afford to lose. Study that company properly you are going to buy their shares. Afterall, you are the owner of money.

3)Diversification:

Don’t put all stocks in one basket, meaning you should not invest in just one industry. Buy stocks in different areas such as technology, food companies, steel companies etc... to avoid the stock market volatility.

4)Managing your portfolio

Performance matters in every field. Don’t just invest and then forget about them. Keep an eye on performance of your portfolio/stock. When you are close to retirement age, try to move maximum share to safe options.

5)Investment horizon

To get the best return in stock market, you should be invested for longer period (Minimum 5 to 10 years, the more the better)

It takes out the risk of market volatility and economic ups & downs.

Instead of timing the market you should give time in the market to maximize your return. 

Nobody knows when The market it will go peak or will reach bottom.

You should invest regularly in a disciplined manner to take care out the market ups and downs.

This is called "Rupee cost averaging".

In share market, portfolio may go up or go down , But you should not get panicked when your portfolio becomes negative.

In every dip in the market, that is an opportunity to invest more and get better return 

You should stay invested for longer period and continue with your investment regularly.

Conclusion:

The market is fragile and volatile. Like our life, the market also sees ups and downs. Hence it is advisable to regularly check news and updates regularly. Make sure to invest your money regularly to lead a stable life in coming days. The stock market is huge and there are many more factors while investing, so study them property.

You can gain more information here: - https://www.tickertape.in/blog/how-to-invest-in-the-stock-market-beginners-guide/

The investments are always are having risk. So do it carefully.

It is my first blog so feel free to comment. 😊