The ABC’s of the samba parade
In comparison with the world famous carnival parades in Rio de Janeiro that have been organized since the 18th century, having samba carnival parades in Finland is indeed relatively recent as the tradition started only in the beginning of the 1990’s. During Helsinki Samba Carnaval, the Finnish samba schools compete for the Finnish championship in carnival samba. In this sense it resembles its role model, the Rio carnival, unlike the other carnivals in other parts of the globe.
Modeled according to the Rio carnival parade, the samba parade of in Helsinki has various different elements.
Photo: Mikael Rantalainen
Comissão de frente (forefront) presents the theme of the parade as the first element of the parade. Its purpose is to greet the audience and judges and to introduce the theme of the school in question. In a way it opens up the way for the following revelers.
Photo: Mikael Rantalainen
Very often the Porta Bandeira (flag bearer) and Mestre Sala (escort) are situated in the first half of the parade. They could be seen as the calling card of the samba school in question, and therefore their main duties are to present and protect the school’s most valuable object, which is the official flag, as well as to honor the esteemed quests and notabilities. The position is of high standing and was in Rio at one point so hazardous, that it was common to equip the flag poles with sharp spears, while Mestre Sala carried a knife hidden in a cloth or a feather, and the dance ala Guardiães (“wing” for the protecting the flag) was used to protect the flag from the rival samba schools. Without the flag a samba school would be considered worthless and would be disqualified, so by stealing the flag was seen as the easiest way to get rid of the competition.
Photo: Mikael Rantalainen
First float, the Abre-alas, is usually before the larger dance alas in the parade. The float presents the name of the samba school and the theme of the parade. In varying order after the first float often come destaques (dancers depicting the theme alone or in pairs) and alas (group of dancers dressed in similar and coherent outfits). One very important and traditional element of the parade is Ala das Baianas, the mothers and protectors of the samba school. The most esteemed and elders of the samba school are in the Ala das Baianas.
Photo: Mikael Rantalainen
One of the most visible elements of the parade is the Ala das Passistas; solo dancers who have been chosen to the parade through dance tests. Only they as the most talented dancers wear colorful bikini costumes embellished with sparkling gems and sequence. The purpose of the costumes is to highlight the movements of the gifted dancers and not only to flatter the female form. The best solo dancer chosen through the dance test, Rainha da Bateria, the Queen of Drums, has the honor of dancing in front of the bateria, the group of percussion instruments. In Rio today, a samba school might select a celebrity or another important person as their Rainha da Bateria in order to bring fame and attention for the samba school. For the delight of the female audience, increasingly more male passistas also represent the finest dancers of the samba school.
Photo: Mikael Rantalainen
Directly after the passistas comes the heart of the samba school, its rhythm and tempo, the bateria lead by the Mestre de Bateria. Bateria consists of different percussion instruments, which are played, for example, by hitting the instruments with sticks and hands or shaking the instrument. Bateria is such an important part of the activities of any samba school that I intend to dedicate one post entirely focusing on introducing its instruments. After the bateria naturally comes the melody group consisting of the singers, Puxadors, and, for example, the cavaquinho (traditional Brazilian small guitar) player and the guitarists. The most important task of the melody group is to interpret the samba enredo, which is the song based on the parade’s theme.
Photo: Mikael Rantalainen
Each parade also has a Ala Mirim, dance group of children and youth representing the new generation and the future of the samba school.
The second float goes by the name of alegoria. In Finland samba schools tend to have only one alegoria but in Rio a parade can have even eight floats stacked with luxurious adornments and gorgeous dancers. The purpose of the float is to depict the theme of the parade. While in Finland the size is restricted by the manpowered float model (no motors are allowed) and the tram guide wires, in Rio the floats can be tens of meters long and breathtakingly high.
Photo: Mikael Rantalainen
There can also be parts in the parade that do not depict the theme and one example is the Velha Guarda or the old guard. This group can consist of the friends, supporters and previously active members of the samba school. Foreign guest dancers and drummers are also able to join the excitement of the parade as our samba schools are finding more friends around the world.
Photo: Mikael Rantalainen
More samba key words (in Finnish) can be found through Papagaio’s carnevalesco’s (the person responsible for the design and development of the theme) site founded back in the day.
You can find the site here.