#1000 ad

[grungletungus]

Fiber arts of the Wari People

Peru, 500-1000 AD

[mahgnib]

Fan Kuan, “Travelers by Streams and Mountains”, c. 1000, is considered one of the greatest Chinese landscapes of all time. Unfortunately, it is a dark panting to begin with. Thus, when the seven-foot-high hanging scroll is squeezed down to a size manageable by the internet, it is often seen as nothing more than a large brown blob. This reproduction is considerably easier to see than most. Even so, it would most likely need to seen in its in-person full glory to be appreciated.

[classicfrunchmisrableice]

1000 a.d

[theoscarsproject]

Pathfinder (1987). A young Sámi man witnesses a band of vicious raiders slay his family and flees to a nearby village, where he learns he must become a Pathfinder.

Watching this for the Oscars Project (it was nommed for Best Foreign Language Film in '88!), I didn't realise until afterwards the film's significance in helping preserve the Sámi language and culture - wonderful! I love the capacity cinema has in sharing history, language and cultural dialogue, particular those which have been silenced by colonialism. 

Also! This is great! A really thrilling adventure, albeit a straightforward one. There's a real warmth between many of the dynamics - a nice contrast to the icy surrounds - and it beautifully folds together folklore and realism to tell just a really good story. Highly recommend it! 8/10.

[historycrack]

Scandinavians in 1000 AD: *finds new land*

Scandinavian 1: what should we call this new found land

Scandinavian 2: what about “Newfoundland”

Scandinavian 1: that perfect

[ltwilliammowett]

Battle of Svolder

In the 11th century an Adam of Bremen/ Adamus Bremensis reported in his Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum, the Hamburg church history of a great battle that was fought between Viking kings. This battle is believed to have taken place in 999 or 1000 AD and changed the balance of power in the Baltic Sea region. So King Olaf Tryggvason of Norway was attacked by Svein Forkbeard, King of Denmark, Olof Skötkonung (also known as Olaf Eiríksson), King of Sweden, and Eirik Hákonarson, Jarl of Lade (there are sources saying that Olaf was the attacker and not the attacked one, but more about that later).

Battle of Svolder by Otto Sinding (1842-1909)

The exact reason can no longer be established completely and with absolute accuracy since the legends mostly date from the 12th and even the 14th century. In Norway the three synoptic stories, Historia de Antiquitate Regum Norwagiensium, Historia Norwegie and Ágrip af Nóregskonungasögum (around 1190), give a short overview of the battle. A much more comprehensive treatment is provided by the Icelandic sagas of kings, beginning with the saga of Oddr Snorrason over Olaf Tryggvason (c. 1190). From Scaldic poetry, oral history, learned European examples and an unrestrained imagination, Oddr constructed a detailed account of the battle, recorded by the later Icelandic sagas Fagrskinna and Heimskringla (ca. 1220), which both add quotations from Scaldic verses. Three Icelandic poems from around 1200 are also of historical interest: Nóregs konungatal, Rekstefja and Óláfs drápa Tryggvasonar. The immense Óláfs Saga Tryggvasonar en mesta (ca. 1300) combines several of the above sources into the last, longest and least reliable saga account.

But what was the reason ?

At that time Norway was still an empire consisting of many small empires and influenced by Denmark and Sweden. So Denmark claimed countries in the south and hoped to buy Norwegian vassals, which succeeded quite well. But now in the 9th century Harald Fairhair began to unite the kingdom slowly. Added to this was the steady spread of Christianity in the 10th century. Especially the new Norwegian king Olaf Tryggvason was a devout Christian and tried to spread it by force if necessary. And so he managed to convert Norway at least nominally in a short time. But King Olaf had acquired several enemies during his meteoric rise to power. The best known were Eirik Jarl, son of Haakon Jarl, and Svein Forkbeard, King of Denmark, who both felt that Olaf had taken their share of Norway from them. But there were also personal conflicts over territories and, according to some legends, the restoration of the honour of Sigrid Storråde to the wife of Sven Gabelbart, who is said to have insulted Olaf for her pagan faith. This is a dowry that Olaf's wife Thyri was promised. Thyri was the sister of Svein Forkbeard, and when Olaf Tryggvason married her, Svein refused to pay her promised dowry. She asked Olaf to get her back, he didn't, and so, according to different legends, the battle ended because two wives, Thyri and her sister in law Sigrid Storråde, were fighting themselves and demanded a war.

King Olaf Tryggvason,s last stand by Angus Mcbride

Contemporary Scaldic poetry relating to the battle includes a work by Hallfredr the annoying poet who served in Olaf Tryggvason's ministry. Hallfredr was not present at the battle, but afterwards collected information about it for an eulogy of Olaf. On Jarl Eirik's side, a series of stanzas by Halldórr the Unchrist are preserved, who speaks of the battle as "last year" and is at the scene where Eirik captures the Long Serpent ( Olaf's ship). Some verses about the battle are also preserved in Þórðr Kolbeinssons Elegie auf Eirik, which was probably written around 1015. Finally Skúli Þórsteinsson fought with Eirik in battle and spoke of it in verses at his old age. The problem is that many of the legends were never written down and were only given orally, which led to a consumption of the facts and so accurate descriptions of the battle are to be considered with caution and not always given as real.  The most likely reasons are the unification of Norway, the conversion to Christianity and the loss of country tribes. To protect this Norwegian Olaf was on his way to Wendland/ Pomerania to search for allies. On his return to Norway he was attacked by a united fleet of Swedes and Danes, but he himself is said to have had only 11 ships ( other sources talk from 100). Exactly where this took place is unknown until today. There are suspicions, according to Adam of Bremen it took place in Öresund. Ágrip and Historia Norwegie also drop them off at Seeland. Theodoricus says it is "near the island called Svöldr; and it is near Slavia". Fagrskinna speaks of "an island off the coast of Vinðland..... Oddr Snorrason and Heimskringla agree on the name of the island, but do not indicate its location. A verse by Skúli Þórsteinsson speaks of "the mouth of the Svolder", suggesting that Svolder was originally the name of a river that the Nordic ignorance of Wendish geography turned into an island. The Danish Annales Ryenses are unique in the placement of the battle in the Schlei. Today's favourites are the German island Rügen or Øresund.

The Jomsvikings (small ship) are joining the Battle of Svolder, by Nils Nilsen Bergslien (1853–1928)

Olaf was not up to this superiority and lost. Some legends claim that he took his own life by jumping into the sea, others say that he survived. Probably he will have lost his life. But what is certain is that after the battle the power structure changed and Norway no longer played a role in the western Baltic region. Heimskringla gives the most detailed overview of the department and describes it as triple. Olaf the Swede received four districts in Trondheim as well as Møre, Romsdal and Rånrike. He gave these to Jarl Svein Hákonarson, his son-in-law, for safekeeping as vassals. Svein Forkbeard acquired ownership of the Viken district, where Danish influence had long been strong. The rest of Norway was ruled by Eirik Hákonarson as vassal of Svein. Fagrskinna, on the other hand, says that the Swedish part consisted of Oppland and a part of Trondheim. Other sources are less specific.

The Jarls Eirik and Svein proved strong, competent rulers, and their rule was successful. Most sources say that they accepted Christianity, but granted the people religious freedom, leading to a counter-reaction against Christianity that destroyed much of Olaf Tryggvason's missionary work.

[stephanocardona]

Viking sod house by allenfotowild

[rayeshistoryhouse]

^Earthenware bowl with eagle design

Created c. 1000 AD, Middle East 

Rayeshistory.com