Gold hairnet, Ptolemaic, 225-175 BCE
From the Getty Villa Museum
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Gold hairnet, Ptolemaic, 225-175 BCE
From the Getty Villa Museum
you might ask “what do you do to procrastinate now that you’ve deleted all social media and game for finals?”. The answer is make collages about the story idea I have floating around in my head. this is just how I exist.
Diadem, Ptolemaic, 225-175 BCE
Gold, glass paste, bone or pearl, garnet, cornelian, and moonstone
From the Getty Villa Museum
Gold beads in the shape of cowrie shells, Ptolemaic, 225-175 BCE
From the Getty Villa Museum
Publius Cornelius Scipio "Africanus"
While the Second Punic War raged on and Hannibal continued to tread around Italy defeating whatever Rome threw at him and raising a ruckus, a young man by the name of Publius Cornelius Scipio took command of the legions fighting Hasdrubal Barca (Hannibal's brother) in Hispania. No man wanted the position, but Scipio's father and brother had already fallen in the Iberian campaign, so despite being only 25 upon assuming command in 211 BCE, he saw no choice but to take on the responsibility.
After successfully conquering the peninsula he returned to Rome to be elected consul in 205 BCE, and presented his plan to defeat Carthage. Instead of attempting to take on Hannibal in Italy, he instead made to sail for Carthage herself and lay siege to the city. Sailing a year later, he defeated a Carthaginian and Numidian force at Utica, and as he threatened to march on the capital city, the Carthaginians were forced to recall Hannibal and his army from the Italian peninsula to come to the defense of their home.
The final showdown of the Second Punic War came on October 19, 202 BCE, as Scipio's Roman host handily defeated the Carthaginian army at Zama, and Carthage was forced to capitulate on humiliating terms, reduced from a major power in the Mediterranean to little more than a mere regional city-state.
For his part, Scipio earned the nickname of "Africanus". Coincidentally, his grandson - by adoption - would give the final blow to Carthage some 50 years later, when Scipio Aemilianus Africanus led the Roman forces against Carthage in the Third Punic War.
After Cannae, Hannibal wandered around Italy for the next decade without fighting any major engagements, simply trying to stir up trouble amongst the local tribes. In 208 BCE, Marcus Claudius Marcellus, a popular consul and considered the greatest general the Romans had, took the head of a newly raised army, intending to finally deal with the Carthaginian threat on the peninsula. Disaster befell him before he could give combat however, as while scouting ahead of his army, he and his co-consul were ambushed and killed by Numidian cavalry. According to tradition, out of respect, Hannibal gave him full honors at a funeral, and sent the cremated ashes to Rome under a flag of truce.
An Iberian horseman. Considered some of the most talented cavalrymen of the era, Hannibal had some 2,000 present in his army at the Battle of Cannae.
A relief depicting an Iberian warrior. Although allies of Carthage, a large number who joined Hannibal's army at the outset of his campaign refused to leave the Iberian peninsula, diminishing his force by over 10,000. Their refusal to participate did them little good in the end though. Following the end of the Second Punic War, Rome took control of Hispania, and brutally subjugated the native population.