#anarchos

[e-rose]

Original by @sarahseeandersen , edited by Unknown.

[portrait-of-the-jaded-dawn]

A Mind Confused - Anarchos (1997)

[bruderdeslichtsblackmetal]

BLOOD HARVEST to release split EP between ANARCHOS and MORBID STENCH – streaming now 

http://bruderdeslichts.com/blood-harvest-to-release-split-ep-between-anarchos-and-morbid-stench-streaming-now/

[gbhbl]

Album Review: Anarchos - Invocation Of Moribund Spirits (Blood Harvest/Regain Records)

Album Review: Anarchos – Invocation Of Moribund Spirits (Blood Harvest/Regain Records)

Featuring past and present members of such bands as Eternal Solstice, Burning Hatred, Ulcerate Fester, Satanic Tyrant, and Profligate. Anarchos play death metal & will release their debut album, Invocation of Moribund Spirits on March 16th 2018 via Blood Harvest and Regain Records.

A maelstrom of morbid energy, Anarchos’ brand of death metal is hefty slice of both the old & new school of the…

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[letimart]

no gods no masters - drawing converted to digital

[arquivoanarca]

Anarquia em grego clássico

(Antigone Gives Token Burial to the Body of Her Brother Polynices,  1835–98, Jules Eugene Lenepveu)

George Woodcock, historiador anarquista canadiano, escreve que “anarchos, a palavra grega original, significa meramente 'sem soberano' e que, por isso, anarquia pode ser usada num contexto geral tanto para se referir à condição negativa da ausência de soberania ou à condição positiva da ausência de soberania, pois a soberania não é necessária à preservação da ordem”.(1)

Porém, o investigador Uri Gordon tentou perceber o significado do termo em contexto literário e descobriu que, à semelhança dos dias que correm, já no tempo de Platão e Aristóteles o termo “anarquia” era maioritariamente usado no sentido pejorativo.  Escreve Gordon que “a totalidade da literatura da Grécia Antiga disponível para consulta electrónica contém apenas 47 entradas do termo anarchia ou das suas derivações”, e que nessas entradas o termo é utilizado como “sinónimo para confusão, desordem, tumulto e licença”.(2) Por outras palavras, ao contrário do que se possa pensar, não houve uma corrupção histórica do termo “anarquia”: já na génese do pensamento democrático e da filosofia política, são muito mais comuns as “conotações negativas e condenatórias da palavra anarquia”.(3)

Platão e Aristóteles, pensadores fundamentais na estruturação do pensamento político ocidental que ainda se faz notar nos tempos que correm, tinham sérias suspeitas em relação à democracia por acharem que esta tinha uma tendência inerente para se deteriorar em injustiça e tirania. Na filosofia de Platão (para escolher apenas um de ambos), a democracia faz com que as pessoas “bebam demasiado do vinho potente da liberdade”, algo que resulta inevitavelmente na erosão das hierarquias naturais entre escravo e mestre, entre mulher e homem, etc., ou seja, algo que resulta no desabamento da ordem social.(4) Nos textos de ambos, anarchos tem uma conotação negativa pela sua relação com a democracia e com a vontade popular.

Por outro lado, é na peça sobre Antígona que encontramos, como refere Gordon, “dois dos conceitos mais importantes ligados à prática anarquista no seu idioma contemporâneo: desobediência e acção directa”.(5) Nessa história, onde encontramos também derivações do termo anarchos, o irmão de Antígona morre e o soberano Creonte proíbe o seu enterro numa cerimónia fúnebre digna, condenando o seu cadáver a ser consumido pelas aves e pelos cães. Contudo, Antígona recusa-se a acatar as ordens do soberano (desobediência) e, ao invés de reivindicar os seus direitos ou de apelar à misericórdia do Estado, enterra-o conforme a sua vontade individual indo, assim, abertamente contra a lei (acção directa).

WOODCOCK, George: Anarchism. p. 8.

GORDON, Uri: Research Note: Avapxta - What did the Greeks actually say? in Anarchist Studies, Vol. 14. 2016. p. 85.

Ibid. p. 86.

PLATÃO: República. APUD GORDON, Uri: Research Note: Avapxta - What did the Greeks actually say? in Anarchist Studies, Vol. 14. 2016. p. 87.

GORDON, Uri: Research Note: Avapxta - What did the Greeks actually say? APUD Anarchist Studies, Vol. 14. 2016. p. 88.

[anarchism21-blog]

Definition of anarchy

As with any other concept in human thought, the definition of "anarchy" is historical and social. This means that the meaning and understanding of concepts depend on its historical and social context, and this happens because thoughts and ideas are not independent of concrete human experience. Historical and social events inform the way humans interpret the world, and ideas themselves inform the way humans interact with the world. This could be called a dialectical relationship between idealism and materialism.

Even though etymologically "anarchy" is related to the ancient Greek "anarchos", meaning "without rulers" or "without political sovereignity", in the mainstream media and electoral political discourse, "anarchy" is often used as a synonym for "chaos" and "disorder". There are three things that can be said about this:

The term could have gained this pejorative dimension due to the "propaganda of the deed" in which anarchist individuals and collectives cause physical damage to individuals or property in order to spread anarchist ideals. Propaganda of the deed had its historical prime time at the turn of the 19th century, with the assassination of influential statesmen and with the bombing of government buildings and bourgois  but it is still found widespread in contemporary tactics such as the Black Bloc.

One could argue that the media and the rulling class spread this negative understanding of anarchy in order to mistify and badmouth social anarchist and worker movements by giving them a bad popular reputation.

As Uri Gordon posits, this negative understanding of the term could date back to its Greek origins. Gordon found out through researching Ancient Greek texts that the term was already used as a synonym for "disorder" and "chaos" by thinkers such as Plato and Aristotle. In other words, the view of "anarchy" as a negative ideal is deeply rooted in Western thought. This is why in an article in The Oxford Companion to Philosophy, Andrew Belsey writes that there is a dogma in political philosophy in which a social organization without the State will necessarily result in "chaos", and that this dogma is only denied by anarchists and classical marxists. It is true that both anarchists and classical marxists are anti-dogmatic in respect to the causation chain of statelessness = chaos, but they deal with this question in such a different and radical way that it has caused a major historical split in the global socialist movement.

Even though it has been adopted by many thinkers who put it forward neutrally – as the term that stands for "a state of social organization without political sovereignity" –, the term remains heavily connected to chaos and social disorder. While some people who identify themselves with anarchist principles choose to stick with the term in order to identify themselves with the rich historical political tradition of anarchism, many others renounce it in order to evade repetitive clarifications or theoretical ostracization, choosing alternative terms such as "libertarian socialism" or no labels at all.