#antimicrobial activity

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Investigation on phytochemical screening, thin layer chromatographic profiling and antibacterial…

From ancient civilization, spices and herbs have played an important role in the lifestyle of people around the world. As Spices are being used from generation to generation as food additives and traditional medicines, these have been used as study materials to investigate its different bioactive properties and phytochemicals for their potential usage in the pharmaceutical industries. Phytochemicals are the compounds produced by plants, but not directly used for the growth and development rather engaged in protection against environmental and pathogenic stress. Plant materials were collected and water extraction method was applied for the preparation of extracts. After extraction all of the experiments were done according to standard protocols. Our study focused on the screening of the presence of valuable phytochemicals in ten widely used spices in Bangladesh. Among phytochemical screened tannin, glycosides and phenolic compounds are most abundant in all spices. The highest phenolic content was found in Syzygium aromaticum (67.77 µg GAE/ml of extract) and the lowest phenolic content was found in Coriandrum sativum (4.22 µg GAE/ml of extract). Among the spices, Myristica fragrans contained the highest tannin content (78.75 µg TAE/ml Extract) and Elettaria cardamomum contained the lowest tannin content (61 µg TAE/ml Extract). The study also employed the antibacterial activity of the spices extracts. The extracts showed the strongest antibacterial activity against the gram-positive bacteria when compared to the gram-negative bacteria. The highest zone of inhibition for Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Salmonella typhi were found 8.31 mm, 10.4 mm and 8.61 mm in Nigella sativa, Elettaria cardamomum and Amomum subulatum respectively, and the lowest zone of inhibition for Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Salmonella typhi were found 5.18 mm, 5.36 mm and 5.86 mm in Coriandrum sativum, Coriandrum sativum and Syzygium aromaticum respectively. Thin layer chromatographic (TLC) analysis was also done to check the presence of phyto-constituents. Our study revealed several spots (From 1 to 3) for different samples and their retention factors (Rf) were calculated. It is concluded that, results of these investigations had provided valuable information on further discovery of noble drugs.

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Sustainable production of a bioactive pigment from Pseudonocardia alni using agro-waste with antimicrobial potential

The increasing environmental and health concerns associated with synthetic pigments have intensified the search for sustainable and biologically derived alternatives. Actinomycetes are recognized as promising producers of natural pigments; however, pigment production by rare actinomycete genera remains underexplored. In the present study, a pigment-producing actinomycete isolated from mangrove sediment was identified as Pseudonocardia alni based on morphological, biochemical, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses (GenBank accession no. PP296388). Pigment production was optimized by evaluating physicochemical parameters including pH, temperature, and salinity. The feasibility of agro-waste substrates for cost-effective pigment production was assessed through solid-state fermentation. Among the tested substrates, tapioca peel supported the highest pigment yield (1.388 ± 0.034), followed by groundnut oil cake and coconut oil cake, with statistically significant differences among substrates (p < 0.05). The extracted pigment exhibited a characteristic visible absorption maximum in UV–Visible spectroscopy, indicating a conjugated chromophore, while FTIR analysis revealed aromatic, hydroxyl, carbonyl, and nitrogen-containing functional groups. The pigment showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential of Pseudonocardia alni as a sustainable source of a bioactive pigment and highlights agro-waste valorization as an effective strategy for eco-friendly pigment production.

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Sustainable production of a bioactive pigment from Pseudonocardia alni using agro-waste with antimicrobial potential

Abstract The increasing environmental and health concerns associated with synthetic pigments have intensified the search for sustainable and biologically derived alternatives. Actinomycetes are recognized as promising producers of natural pigments; however, pigment production by rare actinomycete genera remains underexplored. In the present study, a pigment-producing actinomycete isolated from…

Sustainable production of a bioactive pigment from Pseudonocardia alni using agro-waste with antimicrobial potential

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Sustainable Production Of A Bioactive Pigment From Pseudonocardia Alni Using Agro Waste With Antimicrobial Potential : B. Sathya Priya : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

The increasing environmental and health concerns associated with synthetic pigments have intensified the search for sustainable and biologically derived alternatives. Actinomycetes are recognized as promising producers of natural pigments; however, pigment production by rare actinomycete genera remains underexplored. In the present study, a pigment-producing actinomycete isolated from mangrove sediment was identified as Pseudonocardia alni based on morphological, biochemical, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses (GenBank accession no. PP296388). Pigment production was optimized by evaluating physicochemical parameters including pH, temperature, and salinity. The feasibility of agro-waste substrates for cost-effective pigment production was assessed through solid-state fermentation. Among the tested substrates, tapioca peel supported the highest pigment yield (1.388 ± 0.034), followed by groundnut oil cake and coconut oil cake, with statistically significant differences among substrates (p < 0.05). The extracted pigment exhibited a characteristic visible absorption maximum in UV–Visible spectroscopy, indicating a conjugated chromophore, while FTIR analysis revealed aromatic, hydroxyl, carbonyl, and nitrogen-containing functional groups. The pigment showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential of Pseudonocardia alni as a sustainable source of a bioactive pigment and highlights agro-waste valorization as an effective strategy for eco-friendly pigment production.

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This study was aimed at evaluating the phytochemical components, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of leaves, twigs and stem barks of Acacia etbaica (Vachellia etbaica). Results should that the highest yields were obtained from the chloroform extract (23.5%) followed by methanol (20%), petroleum ether (2.25%), and ethyl acetate extract (1.7%) with most of them being sticky in texture. Leaves had a high amount of polyphenols (140.33mg GAE/L), tannin (8.13mg TAE/L), flavonoids (0.51%), and alkaloids (0.11%) as compared with the other parts of the plant. leaves had a high amount of saponins (0.74%). Stembark and leaf extracts showed high antioxidant activities compared with vitamin C. Chloroform and methanol extracts of all plant parts had potent antibacterial and antifungal activities when compared with extract of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts. Petroleum ether extract of all parts strongly inhibited the growth of B. subtilis with an inhibition zone ranging from 23.3-26.2mm.

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MRS agar was used for the isolation of Lactobacillus strain. This strain was recognized through biochemical tests and 16S rRNA ribotyping, as Lactobacillus pentosus. Its antibacterial effects were detected by utilizing cell free supernatant (CFS). Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus were used as test strains. CFS showed antimicrobial activity against the test strains. CFS was treated with proteinases for the confirmation of loss of antimicrobial activity. Loss of antimicrobial activity on exposure to proteinases indicated the presence of bacteriocin in CFS. CFS was also studied for its antimicrobial effect at different temperatures and pH. Optimum antimicrobial effect was recorded at pH 7 and at temperature 45°C. The current study indicates the antimicrobial activity of strain of L. pentosus against E. coli, B. subtilis and S. aureus.

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Study of the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the essential oils of four citrus varieties, Citrus sinensis, Citrus reticulata, Citrus limon and Citrus maxima (Rutaceae) consumed in Gabon

Our study focused on the study of the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of citrus essential oils (EO) of Citrus sinensis, Citrus reticulata, Citrus limon and Citrus maxima. The extraction of essential oils from the four citrus species was carried out using the hydrodistillation method using an extraction device adapted to the Laboratory. The antioxidant activity of different citrus fruits has been evaluated by neutralizing the DPPH radical. The following yields of EO were obtained: 0.74% and 0.80%, respectively for the EO of the sweet orange from Morocco and the wild orange from Cameroon; 0.2%, for EO of Mandarin; 0.18% and 0.13% respectively for the EO of lemon and Grapefruit. Microscopic observations revealed the presence in fermented milk, apart from lactic acid bacteria of the presence of Micrococcus spp Gram + bacteria from the family of Micrococcaceae been used for antibacterial testing. The results showed that HE has antibacterial activity with regard to the diameters of the halos. It appears that all citrus fruits have different activities. The EO of C. lemon has the best antioxidant activity followed by that of the Wild Orange with a diameter of the inhibition zone of 13 ± 1.41 and 9.5 ± 1.41mm respectively.

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The aim of this work is to determine the quantity, the quality, the antimicrobial activity and the antioxidant power of various extracts of the flavonoids obtained from the flowers of Tamarix africana Poir. The quantification of the extracts obtained was revealed in high yield of the flavonoids with respectively: the methanoic extracts (26.31%), the extracts of the aqueous phase (19.29%), the extracts of ethyl acetate (0.87%), the extracts of petroleum ether (0.18%). The qualitative study, using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC), showed the dominance of Flavonols, flavones, isoflavones, flavanones and 3-glycosidic Anthocyanidins. The study of microbial activity revealed an important bactericidal power for the extracts of the aqueous phase on Gram + bacteria with a disc of inhibition of 24±1mm on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC43300 and 20±1mm on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, For the antifungal activity all the extracts gave important effects on Podosphaera leucotrichia (apple powdery mildew), with a maximum disc inhibition of 20±1mm for the ethyl acetate extracts, on the other hand alone The ether extracts of the petrol which showed an inhibitory effect on Penicillium sp. The antioxidant study, expressed as a percentage of DPPH, showed a high efficiency of the various extracts; In particular that of the ethyl acetate extract which inhibits oxidation and traps the free radicals at 100%, which demonstrating the use of this plant in traditional medicine for the treatment of certain types of cancer.