Jagiellonian institution of "assistants of marriage" (matrimonii adiutores), according to Pope Pius II (1405-1464) …
"Noble ladies have lovers in public, with the permission of their husbands, whom they call assistants of marriage. It is a shame for men to add a mistress to their legitimate wife. Marriages are easily dissolved by mutual consent, and they marry again".
Works of art from the collection of the National Museum in Warsaw:
(1) Joseph and Potiphar's wife by Monogramist MS, before 1534, print before 1849 (paper, 10.6 x 14.2 cm, inv. Gr.Pol.2392/116 MNW), a woodcut probably made from 16th-century blocks kept in the Jagiellonian Library;
(2) Joseph and Potiphar's wife by Pietro Liberi (1605-1687), second quarter of the 17th century (oil on canvas, 132 x 168.5 cm , inv. M.Ob.2290 MNW);
(3) Joseph and Potiphar's wife by Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669), 1634 (paper, 9.4 x 11.8 cm, inv. Gr.Ob.Hol.203506/2 MNW), etching, signed and dated lower left: "Rembrandt f. 1634";
and
(4) "Aeneae Sylvii Piccolominei Senensis, qui post adeptum …", p. 417, published in Basel in 1551, Bavarian State Library in Munich, VD16 P 3093.
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